983 research outputs found

    Extra-virgin olive oil ameliorates cognition and neuropathology of the 3xTg mice. Role of autophagy

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    OBJECTIVE: Consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a major component of the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms involved in this protective action remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS: Herein, we investigated the effect of daily consumption of EVOO on the AD-like phenotype of a mouse mode of the disease with plaques and tangles. RESULTS: Triple transgenic mice (3xTg) received either regular chow or a chow diet supplemented with EVOO starting at 6 months of age for 6 months, then assessed for the effect of the diet on the AD-like neuropathology and behavioral changes. Compared with controls, mice receiving the EVOO-rich diet had an amelioration of their behavioral deficits, and a significant increase in the steady state levels of synaptophysin, a protein marker of synaptic integrity. In addition, they had a significant reduction in insoluble Aβ peptide levels and deposition, lower amount of phosphorylated tau protein at specific epitopes, which were secondary to an activation of cell autophagy. INTERPRETATION: Taken together, our findings support a beneficial effect of EVOO consumption on all major features of the AD phenotype (behavioral deficits, synaptic pathology, Aβ and tau neuropathology), and demonstrate that autophagy activation is the mechanism underlying these biological actions

    A Study of the Therapeutic Working Alliance, Client Motivation for Therapy and Subsequent Self-Reported Charges in Abusive Behavior Among a Sample of Male Batterers From the Abuse Ceases Today Program

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    This study examined the impact of the therapeutic alliance and client motivation for therapy on program completion and changes in self-reported abusive behavior among a sample of 88 adult male domestic violence perpetrators who attended a group counseling program for male batterers. Results revealed evidence of significant differential Group change (completers vs. noncompleters) with regard to treatment outcome, as measured by decreased husband-to-wife psychological and physical aggression. In addition, Internal Motivation for Therapy and a strong Working Alliance were not significantly related to treatment completion. Level of education was not found to be a significant predictor of self-reported changes in abusive behavior (measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale- 2). Relationship status was significantly, but marginally, related to only the Negotiation subscale of the CTS-2. It may be hypothesized that there are additional factors related to changes in self-reported abusive behavior that influence program completion

    Midazolan por vía espinal o endovenosa como coadyuvante de la anestesia regional con lidocaína/fentanil en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos lumbares de pequeño porte

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    OBJECTIVES: the present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of intravenous and intrathecal midazolan as an adjunct to intrathecal ligdocaine, with or without intrathecal fentanyl. METHODS: double-blind study, institutional approval and informed consent; 40 patients scheduled for minor lumbar orthopedic surgery were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n=8). Patients were premedicated with a 4 mL final intravenous volume (saline or midazolan). Spinal anaesthesia was administered to a 3 mL final volume - 75 mg of lidocaina plus either 33 mg fentanyl or 500 mg midazolan diluted in saline (0,9%) - with the patient in sitting position. The latency time for onset of the block (LT), time to progress to T10 sensory level (TT10), duration of the block (Bl), duration of effective analgesia (An), the subjective degree of intraoperative sedation, level of alertness, concentration level and degree of anxiety were specifically measured. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: the addition of midazolan to the intrathecal injection in the absence of fentanyl was the only procedure which caused a statistically significant reduction in LT (p<0.002) and TT10 (p<0.001). Intrathecal midazolan increased the blockade time both with (p<0.05) and without (p<0.02) intrathecal fentanyl, but, when given intravenously, this effect failed to reach statistical significance (p>0,05). Both intrathecal fentanyl and midazolan increased the duration of analgesia (p<0.01). With respect to the subjective measures, group 1 served as the control group, demonstrating an alert, fully awake patient who was able to concentrate but showed some anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: while all additional treatments resulted in a relaxed patient, only those given intrathecal midazolan remained fully awake, alert and able to concentrate. Intrathecal fentanyl with saline premedication or intravenous midazolan premedication resulted in decreased alertness and inability to concentrate, as well as sleepiness, which was more extreme in the case of those patients given intravenous midazolan.OBJETIVOS: o presente estudo visa avaliar a utilidade da administração do benzodiazepínico midazolan, por via venosa ou espinal, em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de pequeno porte sob anestesia regional com lidocaína e fentanil. MÉTODOS: após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em pesquisa e consentimento formal, 40 pacientes foram avaliados de forma duplamente encoberta e prospectiva, sendo divididos aleatoriamente a um dos cinco grupos do estudo (n=8). Os pacientes foram premedicados com midazolan ou solução fisiológica (volume final de 4 mL) por via venosa. A anestesia espinal foi administrada com o paciente sentado, utilizando-se 75 mg de lidocaína, 33 mg de fentanil ou 500 mg de midazolan, diluídos em solução fisiológica (0,9%), sendo o volume final (3 mL) administrado por via intratecal. Foram avaliados: tempo de latência, tempo de bloqueio motor, tempo de analgesia, grau de sedação, nível de alerta, nível de concentração e grau de ansiedade. Foi considerado significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: a adição de midazolan por via intratecal na ausência de fentanil foi o único procedimento que resultou em redução do tempo de latência para início do bloqueio (p<0,002). Midazolan por via intratecal aumentou o tempo de bloqueio motor, com (p<0,05) ou sem (p<0,02) a associação de fentanil intratecal, enquanto que, ao serem administrado por via venosa, não alterou o tempo de bloqueio motor (p>0,05). Tanto a administração de fentanil ou midazolan intratecais resultaram em aumento do tempo de analgesia (p<0,01). Em relação aos resultados subjetivos, enquanto o grupo 1 atuou como controle, sendo os pacientes alertas, porém com certo grau de ansiedade, os pacientes que receberam midazolan estavam alertas e não ansiosos. CONCLUSÕES: os pacientes que receberam midazolan intratecal permaneceram acordados, alertas e com capacidade de concentração, apresentaram menor latência para anestesia e maior tempo de analgesia.OBJETIVOS: el presente estudio visa evaluar la utilidad de la administración del benzodiazepínico midazolan por vía venosa o espinal en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos de pequeño porte sobre anestesia regional con lidocaína y fentanil. MÉTODOS: después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación Formal, 40 pacientes fueron evaluados de forma doble-ciego y prospectivo, siendo divididos de forma aleatoria uno de los cinco grupos del estudio (n=8). Los pacientes fueron pre-medicados con midazolan o solución fisiológica (volumen final 4 mL) por vía venosa. La anestesia espinal fue administrada con el paciente sentado, utilizándose 75 mg de lidocaína, 33 mg de fentanil o 500 mg de midazolan diluidos en solución fisiológica (0.9%), siendo el volumen final administrado por vía intratecal 3 mL. Fueron evaluados: el tiempo de latencia, el de bloqueo motor, el de analgesia, lo grado de sedación y de ansiedad. El p<0.05 fue considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: la adición de midazolan por vía intratecal en la ausencia de fentanil fue el único procedimiento que resultó en reducción del tiempo de latencia para inicio del bloqueo (p<0.002). Midazolan por vía intratecal aumentó el tiempo de bloqueo motor con (p<0.05) o sin (p<0.02) la asociación de fentanil intratecal, mientras que administrado por vía venosa no cambió el tiempo de bloqueo motor (p>0.05). Tanto la administración de fentanil intratecal o midazolan intratecal resultaron en aumento del tiempo de analgesia (p<0.01). En relación a los resultados subjetivos, el Grupo 1 actuó como Control, siendo los pacientes alertas, pero con cierto grado de ansiedad, mientras los pacientes que recibieron midazolan estuvieron alertas y no ansiosos. CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes que recibieron midazolan intratecal permanecieron alertas y con capacidad de concentración, presentaron menor latencia para anestesia y mayor tiempo de analgesia

    The glaucomas

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    Neste capítulo, o assunto - Glaucomas - é apresentado como ministrado aos alunos de graduação da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP.In this section the authors present the topic Glaucoma for undergraduate students

    Fourth age and extreme old age: replacement of polypharmacy by a controlled-release hydromorphone tablet to control chronic pain

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    JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Cerca de 4,5 milhões de pessoas terão idade superior a 80 anos até 2020. Frequentemente, esta população necessita de polifarmácia para o controle da dor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia, custo e segurança da administração única, diária de hidromorfona de liberação controlada em pacientes com idade > 80 anos. MÉTODO: Oito pacientes (82 a 89 anos, quarta idade), e dois pacientes (93 e 99 anos, velhice extrema) foram avaliados. Todos utilizavam opioides, antidepressivos, anti-inflamatórios não esteroides, paracetamol e anticonvulsivantes para o controle da dor. Todos os fármacos com finalidade analgésica foram substituídos por um comprimido diário de 8 mg de hidromorfona de liberação controlada (OROS). Dor e efeitos adversos foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: O número de comprimidos diários para controle da dor diminuiu de 6-7 para um de hidromorfona. Houve diminuição da sensação de mal estar gástrico matinal, secundária à ingestão de grande número de comprimidos. Não foram relatadas náusea ou indisposição. Não foi relatada sonolência diária, sendo que os pacientes referiram melhor padrão de sono. CONCLUSÃO: A substituição da polifarmácia por um comprimido diário de hidromorfona melhorou o padrão analgésico, com baixa incidência de efeitos adversos em pacientes idosos, portadores de dor crônica, podendo ser considerada como uma boa alternativa para o controle da dor e a melhora da qualidade de vida desta população.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Approximately 4.5 million people will have more than 80 years of age by 2020. Very often, this population needs polypharmacy to control pain. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness, cost and safety of a single daily dose of controlled-release hydromorphone in patients aged > 80 years. METHOD: Eight patients (82 to 89 years old, fourth age) and two patients (93 and 99 years old, extreme old age) were evaluated. All were under opioids, antidepressants, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and anticonvulsants to control pain. All analgesic drugs were replaced by a daily 8 mg tablet of controlled-release hydromorphone (OROS). Pain and adverse effects were evaluated. RESULTS: The number of daily tablets to control pain was decreased from 6-7 to one hydromorphone tablet. The morning gastric malaise sensation, secondary to the ingestion of a large number of tablets has decreased. There were no nausea or distemper. There were no reports on daily sleepiness and patients have referred a better sleeping pattern. CONCLUSION: Replacing polypharmacy by a daily hydromorphone tablet has improved the analgesic pattern, with low incidence of adverse effects in elderly patients with chronic pain and it may be considered a good alternative to control pain and improve quality of life of this population

    Opioid combination for cancer pain

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    Autoeficacia del sujeto activo del hecho punible frente a los acuerdos reparatorios

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    The prosecution of the criminal process through the reparatory agreement involves actions influenced by the sense of self-efficacy not perceptible to justice; hence this work is intended to analyze the implications of the defendant’s self- efficacy within the restorative criminal justice. Its development begins by revealing the normative character included in the notions of active actor of crime and restorative justice. Next, it examines the nature of the reparatory agreements and their criminal classification, explaining their self-compositional nature, and finally specifies the incidents between self-efficacy and the restorative criminal justice system, noting that in reparation the defendant’s self-efficacy is key to respecting obligations, concluding that it avoids the non-observance of agreements.La prosecución del proceso penal por vía del acuerdo reparatorio comporta acciones influenciadas por el sentido de autoeficacia poco perceptibles a la justicia, de allí que este trabajo se plantee analizar las implicaciones de la autoeficacia del imputado dentro de la justicia penal reparadora. Su desarrollo, se inicia develando el carácter normativo impreso en las nociones de actor activo del delito y de justicia reparadora. Seguidamente, examina el carácter de los acuerdos reparatorios y su tipificación penal explicitando su naturaleza auto- compositiva, y finalmente precisa las incidencias entre la autoeficacia y el sistema de justicia penal reparador, señalando que en la reparación la autoeficacia del imputado es clave para respetar obligaciones, concluyendo que la misma evita la inobservancia de acuerdos. &nbsp

    Autoeficacia del sujeto activo del hecho punible frente a los acuerdos reparatorios

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    La prosecución del proceso penal por vía del acuerdo reparatorio comporta acciones influenciadas por el sentido de autoeficacia poco perceptibles a la justicia, de allí que este trabajo se plantee analizar las implicaciones de la autoeficacia del imputado dentro de la justicia penal reparadora. Su desarrollo, se inicia develando el carácter normativo impreso en las nociones de actor activo del delito y de justicia reparadora. Seguidamente, examina el carácter de los acuerdos reparatorios y su tipificación penal explicitando su naturaleza auto- compositiva, y finalmente precisa las incidencias entre la autoeficacia y el sistema de justicia penal reparador, señalando que en la reparación la autoeficacia del imputado es clave para respetar obligaciones, concluyendo que la misma evita la inobservancia de acuerdos

    Cenografia e ethos: legitimação enunciativa em uma notícia jornalística

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    Neste artigo serão mostrados alguns aspectos enunciativos-discursivos que constroem posições subjetivantes presentes em uma notícia jornalística. O foco recairá sobre as noções de "cenografia" e "ethos" como elementos indissociáveis na legitimação da enunciação, conferindo poderoso efeito persuasivo
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