The Effect of an Old-Age Demogrant on the Labor Supply and Time Use of the Elderly and Non-Elderly in Mexico

This paper investigates the effect of a generous demogrant for the elderly that started in 2001 in Mexico City on the labor supply and time use of the elderly and of non-elderly family members who live with them. Using data for the period 2000-2004 and a triple differences approach, I find that prime-age women reduce both their housework and market work time significantly, but only if they live with an age-qualifying woman in a poor neighborhood after the program started. In contrast, the program seems to have no significant effect on the time use of prime-age men. My results suggest that some of the public resources devoted to the elderly could actually spill over to other age groups, especially in countries where extended families are common, and that the gender of the potential beneficiary matters for outcomes.

Are Informal Workers Compensated for the Lack of Fringe Benefits? Free Health Care as an Instrument for Formality

This paper estimates the e¤ect of having a job covered by social security, on the wages of female salaried workers. I overcome the heterogeneity bias that typically contaminates estimates by using the exogenous availability of free health care and prescription drugs implemented in 2001 in the part of Mexico City that belongs to Distrito Federal (DF). This program provides valid instruments because health care is a substantial component of the bene?ts provided by social security, so the availability of alternative free health care should decrease the incentive to contribute to the system. In addition, eligibility for this program is not correlated with individual unobserved characteristics that a¤ect either wages or the choice of sector. My results show that being a DF resident after free health care was implemented has a negative an signi?cant e¤ect on the probability that a female salaried worker has social security in her current job. Regarding wages, not controlling for the endogeneity of formality on the wage regression gives rise to a positive formal premium as in previous studies for both developed and developing countries. In contrast, my instrumental variables results show that female salaried workers in the formal sector earn between 16 to 23 percent less than female workers in informal jobs. These results show that workers who receive higher fringe bene?ts are paid a lower wage, which supports the compensating di¤erential theory. In the Mexican context, it would also suggest that informal salaried workers are not necessarily worse o¤than their counterparts in the formal sector.

Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the labor market outcomes of women with children in Mexico

This paper estimates the effects of having children at home on the labor market outcomes of women in Mexico during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that women with children at home experienced some additional negative impacts on their labor supply immediately after school and daycare closures, compared to women without children. However, such impacts began to revert in the third quarter of 2020. One year after the onset of the pandemic, women with children increased their labor supply relatively more than women without them, despite ongoing school closures, suggesting a dominance of a negative income effect. Effects by the age of children are consistent with the reopening of daycare centers in 2020 not schools. We also find suggestive evidence that, for women employed both before and one year into the pandemic, having children at home induces industry changes and slightly decreases their job formality

“PERFÍL DERMATOGLIFICO Y SOMATOTIPO EN FUTBOLISTAS DE LA SEGUNDA Y TERCERA DIVISIÓN DE LA UAEM”

El fútbol es el deporte de equipo que más se juega en el mundo y también el más popular entre los espectadores, con un seguimiento de millones de aficionados. En la actualidad los altos rendimientos alcanzados por las grandes potencias deportivas del mundo basan sus resultados en la búsqueda científica de jóvenes talentos, que sean capaces de recibir grandes cargas de entrenamiento y elevados ritmos de perfeccionamiento deportivo. La selección de talentos para el área deportiva se realiza por medio de pruebas de eficiencia, en donde se miden capacidades físicas, psicológicas y morfológicas; Este proceso posibilita el aprovechamiento del tiempo de los entrenadores, a la hora de dosificar cargas adecuadas para potencializar las capacidades físicas requeridas en cada deportes, sin embargo en México aún no se cuenta con patrones de referencia morfológica, ni de técnicas de bajo costo que permitan seleccionar y por ende entrenar al atleta

Raúl gonzález tuñón in the land of the wind: Written chronicles and journalism in the trip to patagonia

El artículo analiza las crónicas periodísticas (nunca editadas en libro) que el poeta argentino Raúl González Tuñón publicó en el diario Crítica en 1932 como corresponsal viajero a la Patagonia Austral. Más allá de los objetivos explícitos y utilitarios del viaje del escritor propuestos por el diario (impedir que la Patagonia quede aislada por la supresión de una línea aérea nacional), se examina la complejidad de estas corresponsalías para estudiar las diversas formas enunciativas en las notas de González Tuñón, la reescritura y apelación a saberes literarios y culturales sobre ese espacio geográfico, las elecciones ideológicas y estéticas en la construcción del itinerario del viaje y en las formas de la representación, y la intervención de denuncia y de contenido político y social que configura a la Patagonia como un espacio problemático, escenario permanente de crisis laborales y gremiales y terreno propicio para el conflicto obrero.The article analyses the journalistic chronicles (never edited for a book) published by the Argentine poet Raúl González Tuñón in the Crítica daily newspaper in 1932 as travelling correspondent to the Patagonia Austral. Aside from the explicit and utilitarian goals proposed by the daily for his journey (avoiding the isolation of the Patagonia region due to the removal of a national airline), we examine the complexity of the correspondent’s work to study the varied forms of enunciation in González Tuñón’s notes, the rewriting and the recourse to literary and cultural knowledge about this geographic area, the ideological and aesthetic selections in the design of the journey’s itinerary and in the forms of representation; as well as the denunciating interventions, with political and social content, that shape the Patagonia as a problematic region, scene to permanent union and labour crisis, and a land prone to workers’ conflict.Fil: Juarez, Laura Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

The Effect of a Transfer Program for the Elderly in Mexico City on Co-Residing Children's School Enrollment

Abstract: This paper studies whether the increase in government transfers, induced by an old-age pension program for individuals age 70 and older in Mexico, affects co-residing children's school enrollment, using a regression discontinuity analysis. Results suggest that while household composition and other household-level characteristics do not change significantly at the cutoff age for program eligibility, co-residing children's school enrollment increases significantly. This suggests that public resources for older adults might generate benefits for other age groups. An additional finding is that the increase in school enrollment takes places mostly at the program eligibility cutoff and not before. Given that the program transfer is known and potentially anticipated by individuals who are only a few years away from being eligible, this suggests that households might have credit constraints -- Resumen: Este artículo estudia si el incremento en las transferencias gubernamentales, inducido por un programa de pensiones de vejez para individuos con 70 y más años de edad en México, afecta la inscripción escolar de los niños co-residentes, usando un análisis de regresión discontinua. Los resultados sugieren que mientras la composición y otras características a nivel de hogar no cambian significativamente en la edad de corte para elegibilidad del programa, la inscripción de los niños coresidentes aumenta significativamente. Esto sugiere que los recursos públicos para los adultos mayores podrían generar beneficios para otros grupos de edad. Un resultado adicional es que el aumento en la inscripción escolar tiene lugar mayormente en el corte de elegibilidad y no antes. Dado que la transferencia del programa es conocida y potencialmente anticipada por los individuos que están a sólo unos pocos años de ser elegibles, esto sugiere que los hogares podrían tener restricciones de crédito

Somatotype and Digital Dermatoglyph in Mexican Football Players

La valoración de la forma corporal y de las capacidades físicas es una necesidad para la selección, clasificación y entrenamiento de los jugadores de futbol. El presente estudio examinó en futbolistas profesionales mexicanos (N = 49) la relación entre clases de somatotipo y clases de capacidades físicas de acuerdo a dermatoglifia dactilar. Las frecuencias de clases de somatotipo y clases de capacidad física fueron comparadas entre subgrupos de futbolistas. Una mayor proporción de futbolistas se caracterizó por somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado con dermatoglifia tipo 2 y 3 correspondiente a fuerza, fuerza explosiva y velocidad. Esto es consistente con hallazgos previos en futbolista

Incubation and Grazing Effects on Spirotrich Ciliate Diversity Inferred from Molecular Analyses of Microcosm Experiments

We used an experimental approach of analyzing marine microcosms to evaluate the impact of both predation (top-down) and food resources (bottom-up) on spirotrich ciliate communities. To assess the diversity, we used two molecular methods-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We carried out two types of experiments to measure top-down (adult copepods as predators) and bottom-up effects (phytoplankton as food resources) on the spirotrich ciliates. We observed both strong incubation effects (untreated controls departed from initial assessment of diversity) and high variability across replicates within treatments, particularly for the bottom-up experiments. This suggests a rapid community turn-over during incubation and differential susceptibility to the effects of experimental manipulation. Despite the variability, our analyses reveal some broad patterns such as (1) increasing adult copepod predator abundance had a greater impact on spirotrich ciliates than on other microbial eukaryotes; (2) there was no evidence for strong food selection by the dominant spirotrich ciliates