Análisis de sequías meteorológicas en la cuenca del río Fuerte, México

Castillo-Castillo, M., Ibáñez-Castillo, L. A., Valdés, J. B., Arteaga-Ramírez, R., & Vázquez-Peña, M. A. (enero-febrero, 2017). Análisis de sequías meteorológicas en la cuenca del río Fuerte, México. Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, 8(1), 35-52. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis temporal y espacial de la sequía en la cuenca del río Fuerte para el periodo de 1961 a 2012. La cuenca del río Fuerte se ubica al noroeste de México, en la zona de baja presión, donde coinciden en latitud los grandes desiertos del mundo; en la parte alta de la cuenca viven diversos grupos indígenas en condiciones de pobreza y en la parte baja se ubica una zona agrícola bajo riego muy importante. Se calcularon dos índices de sequía: (1) el Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación (SPI) y (2) el Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación-Evapotranspiración (SPEI); ambos índices fueron calculados en 14 estaciones del área de estudio para escalas de 3, 6, 12 y 24 meses. Se utilizaron datos de precipitación, y temperatura mínima y máxima para el cálculo. Los índices fueron calculados y analizados temporal y espacialmente. Los resultados mostraron que las sequías han alterado su patrón de ocurrencia y se presentan con mayor frecuencia, intensidad y duración en las últimas décadas. Se encontraron dos periodos de sequías extremas: de 1999 a 2004 y de 2011 en adelante. El SPEI define mejor los periodos secos y presenta un comportamiento más estable que el SPI, además muestra una tendencia más clara del aumento en la intensidad de la sequía en los últimos años, producto de la reducción de la precipitación y el aumento de las temperaturas

Estimation of water erosion in the Necaxa system, Puebla, Mexico

Objective: Estimate potential and current water erosion in the Necaxa System and propose alternatives to reduce the problem of siltation of the hydraulic infrastructure Design/methodology/approach: The Universal Soil Loss equation will be applied through algebra of maps processed in a Geographic Information System. Results: It was estimated that the current water erosion in the Necaxa system is 159 tons / ha * year, a factor that affects the loss of land for crops, loss of nutrients in the soil, accumulation of material towards urban areas, silting up of streams, reservoirs and loss of capacity of the hydraulic works of the system. Limitations on study/implications: There is no information on runoff batches in the field that allows the current water erosion values to be compared with those obtained by the EUPS applied by map algebra. Findings/conclusions: By proposing reforestation and carrying out conservation agriculture, it could be reduced to 16 tons / ha * year. However, if control actions are not carried out and the current coverage is not preserved, the problem can increase until reaching potential erosion values higher than 200 ton / ha * year.Objective: To estimate the potential and current water erosion in the Necaxa system and to propose alternatives aimed to reduce the siltation problem in the hydraulic infrastructure.Design/methodology/approach: The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied, using a Geographic Information System to process the map algebra.Results: The current estimated water erosion was 159 t ha-1 per year; this factor impacts the loss of farmland and soil nutrients, the accumulation of matter towards urban areas, the siltation of riverbeds and dams, and the loss of the system’s hydraulic works capacity.Study limitations/implications: No data about runoff plots in the field is available; therefore, it is not possible to compare current water erosion values with those obtained by the USLE applied, using the map algebra technique. Findings/conclusions: The reforestation and conservation agriculture proposal would help to reduce erosion to 16 t ha -1 per year. However, if control actions are not carried out and the current vegetation cover is not preserved, the problem can increase until it reaches potential erosion values >200 t ha -1 per year

Long-term protection of HPV test in women at risk of cervical cancer

Objective: To evaluate the 9-year incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and cumulative adherence to perform a next test in a cohort of women aged 40+ years with no cervical screening cytology within a window of 5 years (underscreened women), after baseline cervical cytology and HPV tests. Methods: In Catalonia, Spain, co-testing with cytology and HPV test has been recommended in the Public Health system since 2006 for underscreened women. In 2007, 1,594 women with underscreened criteria were identified and followed through medical records form Pathological Department. 9-year cumulative incidence of histologically confirmed CIN2+ and cumulative adherence to perform a next test were estimated using Kaplan-Meier statistics. Results: Follow-up was available for 1,009 women (63.3%) resulting in 23 women with. CIN2+ (2.3%). Of them, 4 women (17%) had both tests negative at baseline (3CIN2 and 1CIN3) with cumulative incidence of CIN2+ of 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1-1.4) at 5-years and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.4-3.7) at 9-years. During the first year, the prevalence among women with both tests positive was 27.0% (95% CI: 13.0-50.6) for CIN2+. Lost to follow-up was higher among women with both tests negative compared to those with both positive tests (38.7% vs 4.2%, p-value <0.001). 40.5% of the women HPV-/cyto- had a re-screening test during the 4 years following the baseline, increasing until 53.5% during the 6 years of follow-up. Conclusions: HPV detection shows a high longitudinal predictive value at 9-year to identify women at risk to develop CIN2+. The data validate a safe extension of the 3-year screening intervals (current screening interval) to 5-year intervals in underscreened women that had negative HPV result at baseline. It is necessary to establish mechanisms to ensure screening participation and adequate follow-up for these women

Supervised Exercise Immediately After Bariatric Surgery: the Study Protocol of the EFIBAR Randomized Controlled Trial.

Previous studies have investigated weight loss caused by exercise following bariatric surgery. However, in most cases, the training program is poorly reported; the exercise type, volume, and intensity are briefly mentioned; and the sample size, selection criteria, and follow-up time vary greatly across studies. The EFIBAR study aims to investigate over 1 year the effects of a 16-week supervised exercise program, initiated immediately after bariatric surgery, on weight loss (primary outcome), body composition, cardiometabolic risk, physical fitness, and quality of life in patients with severe/extreme obesity. The EFIBAR study is a parallel-group, superiority, randomized controlled trial (RCT), comprising 80 surgery patients. Half of the participants, randomly selected, perform a 16-week supervised exercise program, including both strength and aerobic training, starting immediately after the surgery (7-14 days). For each participant, all primary and secondary outcomes are measured at three different time points: (i) before the surgery, (ii) after the intervention (≈4 months), and (iii) 1 year after the surgery. The EFIBAR study will provide new insights into the multidimensional benefits of exercise in adults with severe/extreme obesity following bariatric surgery. EFIBAR randomized controlled trial was prospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03497546) on April 13, 2018

Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study

Published by Elsevier Ltd.Background: Differences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally. Methods: In this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18-99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death. Findings: 14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 μg/m3 [95% CI 1·01-1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10-1·30]; p<0·0001), and population mobility (1·03 per 1% increase in number of visits to grocery and pharmacy stores [1·02-1·05]; p<0·0001 and 1·02 per 1% increase in number of visits to workplaces [1·00-1·03]; p=0·032) were independently associated with higher odds of mortality. Number of hospital beds (0·94 per 1-unit increase per 1000 people [0·88-1·00]; p=0·046), human development index (0·65 per 0·1-unit increase [0·44-0·96]; p=0·032), government response stringency (0·83 per 10-unit increase in containment index [0·74-0·93]; p=0·0018), as well as follow-up time (0·78 per month [0·69-0·88]; p<0·0001) were independently associated with lower odds of mortality. These factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death attributable to COVID-19 (intraclass correlation coefficient 1·2% [0·1-9·5]; p=0·14). Interpretation: Our findings highlight the importance of environmental and societal factors as potential explanations of the observed regional disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among people with rheumatic disease and lay foundation for a new research agenda to address these disparities.MAG is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K01 AR070585 and K24 AR074534 [JY]). KDW is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Rheumatology Research Foundation Scientist Development award. JAS is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (grant numbers K23 AR069688, R03 AR075886, L30 AR066953, P30 AR070253, and P30 AR072577), the Rheumatology Research Foundation (K Supplement Award and R Bridge Award), the Brigham Research Institute, and the R. Bruce and Joan M. Mickey Research Scholar Fund. NJP is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR-007258). AD-G is supported by grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Rheumatology Research Foundation. RH was supported by the Justus-Liebig University Giessen Clinician Scientist Program in Biomedical Research to work on this registry. JY is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (K24 AR074534 and P30 AR070155).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano