Toxic cyanobacteria in Svalbard: chemical diversity of microcystins detected using a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry precursor ion screening method

Cyanobacteria synthesize a large variety of secondary metabolites including toxins. Microcystins (MCs) with hepato- and neurotoxic potential are well studied in bloom-forming planktonic species of temperate and tropical regions. Cyanobacterial biofilms thriving in the polar regions have recently emerged as a rich source for cyanobacterial secondary metabolites including previously undescribed congeners of microcystin. However, detection and detailed identification of these compounds is difficult due to unusual sample matrices and structural congeners produced. We here report a time-efficient liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) precursor ion screening method that facilitates microcystin detection and identification. We applied this method to detect six different MC congeners in 8 out of 26 microbial mat samples of the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic. The congeners, of which [Asp3, ADMAdda5, Dhb7] MC-LR was most abundant, were similar to those reported in other polar habitats. Microcystins were also determined using an Adda-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Adda-ELISA). Nostoc sp. was identified as a putative toxin producer using molecular methods that targeted 16S rRNA genes and genes involved in microcystin production. The mcy genes detected showed highest similarities to other Arctic or Antarctic sequences. The LC-MS precursor ion screening method could be useful for microcystin detection in unusual matrices such as benthic biofilms or liche

Assessing the effects of a sequestered germline on interdomain lateral gene transfer in Metazoa

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137230/1/evo12935_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137230/2/evo12935-sup-0001-figure1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137230/3/evo12935-sup-0002-Tables.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137230/4/evo12935.pd

OG# to Protein List

An excel file listing the protein name, abbreviation, found KEGG function (if known), and the corresponding OG5 number of the alignment for all 58 presence/absence lateral gene transfers found. Each animo acid sequence alignment file is labeled with a unique OG5#

Pollen viability of Eragrostis plana genotypes from different geographic populations in Rio Grande do Sul.

Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-12T12:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Perezpollen.pdf: 148320 bytes, checksum: 2ec29880dae8d755b303d6517a9237b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10201

Topologies with two LGT Events

Single gene trees in Newick format for the seven genes found with topologies consistent with two lateral gene transfers

Presence/absence alignments

All 58 laterally transferred presence/absence animo acid sequence alignments found. Files are in text format

Laboratory-scale evaluation of microcystin persistence following treatment of five USEPA-registered algaecides at different temperatures

An increasingly warmer climate and unsustainable land-use practices have exacerbated harmful algal blooms in many water resources. Algaecides are a proven treatment to mitigate blooms, but different species and limnological variables can impact efficacy. Water temperature is a variable that affects algaecide efficacy and toxin persistence. In this experiment, microcystin-producing Planktothrix was collected from Grand Lake St. Mary’s in March 2021. Samples were exposed to five different copper and peroxide-based USEPA-registered algaecides at varying concentrations within label rate and incubated at 10°C, 15°C, and 20°C. Total and extracellular microcystins were measured 96 hours after treatment. At 10°C and lowest dosage, PAK 27® reduced total microcystins by 75% compared to the control, followed by GreenClean®Liquid (66%), Cutrine® (63%), SeClear® (55%), and Aligimycin® (40%). In most trials, the amount of total microcystins reduced decreased as temperature increased. However, GreenClean® resulted in a shift to nearly 100% extracellular microcystin at all temperatures, while PAK 27® resulted in 20% extracellular microcystins at 10° and less at higher temperatures. The other three algaecides also shifted microcystins to extracellular. In general, temperature had a greater impact on total microcystin reduction than dosage. This study provides important baseline data for the development of temperature-specific management decisions

Statistical parsimony network showing relationships among 21 mtDNA-IGS haplotypes of the genus <i>Fucus</i> (Table 1) in North America.

<p>The square box represents the haplotype that the program TCS hypothesized as the ancestral haplotype. Solid circles indicate mutational steps, solid line also indicates a mutational step.</p

Sampling location, information, and GenBank number for <i>Fucus</i> collected during the study.

<p>Sampling location, information, and GenBank number for <i>Fucus</i> collected during the study.</p