Chemical-ionization visible and ultraviolet gas lasers: A concept

Charge-transfer reactions or Penning ionization reactions are used to produce population inversions between electronic states of molecular ions which should result in stimulated emission in ultraviolet and visible regions. Such lasers could be used in study of short-lived reaction intermediates, crystal structure and scattering, and photolysis

Pulse switching for high energy lasers

A saturable inductor switch for compressing the width and sharpening the rise time of high voltage pulses from a relatively slow rise time, high voltage generator to an electric discharge gas laser (EDGL) also provides a capability for efficient energy transfer from a high impedance primary source to an intermediate low impedance laser discharge network. The switch is positioned with respect to a capacitive storage device, such as a coaxial cable, so that when a charge build-up in the storage device reaches a predetermined level, saturation of the switch inductor releases or switches energy stored in the capactive storage device to the EDGL. Cascaded saturable inductor switches for providing output pulses having rise times of less than ten nanoseconds and a technique for magnetically biasing the saturable inductor switch are disclosed

Multiplex electric discharge gas laser system

A multiple pulse electric discharge gas laser system is described in which a plurality of pulsed electric discharge gas lasers are supported in a common housing. Each laser is supplied with excitation pulses from a separate power supply. A controller, which may be a microprocessor, is connected to each power supply for controlling the application of excitation pulses to each laser so that the lasers can be fired simultaneously or in any desired sequence. The output light beams from the individual lasers may be combined or utilized independently, depending on the desired application. The individual lasers may include multiple pairs of discharge electrodes with a separate power supply connected across each electrode pair so that multiple light output beams can be generated from a single laser tube and combined or utilized separately

Remote detection of OH

This is a remote measurement technique utilizing a XeCl excimer laser tuned to the Q sub 21 1 rotational transition of the 0-0, A-X band at 307.847 nm. A wavemeter is under development to monitor, on a pulse-to-pulse basis, both the laser lineshape and absolute wavelength. Fluorescence is detected with a multiple Fabry-Perot type filter with a spectral resolution on the order of 0.001 nm. This is tuned to the overlapping Q sub 2 2, Q sub 12 2, Q sub 2 3, and Q sub 12 3 rotational transitions at 308.986 nm. The fringe pattern from this filter is imaged using a discrete, multi-anode detector which has a photon gain of 10 to the 8th power. This permits the simultaneous monitoring of OH fluorescence, N2 and/or O2 rotational Raman scattering and broadband background levels. The use of three etalons in series provides sufficient rejection, approx. greater than 10 to the 10th power, against the laser radiation only 1.2 nm away

Equipping Marketplace Ministers for Unity: The Need for Ministry Leaders to Model Interdenominational Partnership

In recent decades, the marketplace ministry (MPM) movement has made significant progress. A predominant theme in the current discussion is a focus on how to support individuals in their place of work. While this renewed attention to supporting laity is an important change, it should be asked whether strategies that focus on the individual alone reflect the pragmatic needs of MPMs or the role models put forward in the NT. This paper will review a case study of a MPM team and how a team based approach contributed to the longevity of the ministry. It will then examine the responsibility the NT places on spiritual leaders for modeling healthy partnerships and conclude by providing a practical model for how to gain experience building interdenominational partnerships

Seasonal Habitat Use, Home Range, and Dispersal of Wild Turkeys in Southcentral South Dakota

Seasonal movements, home range, and habitat use of wild turkeys in south-central South Dakota were investigated using radio telemetry from summer 1984 to winter 1986. Spring dispersal from wintering sites ranged from 0.2 to 5.8 km (x = 2.8 km). Non-nesting females moved significantly (P ~ 0.05) farther than males. Fall movements from summer to winter habitat ranged from o.o to 5.0 km (x = 2.2 km). Marked birds always returned to summer areas used in previous years. In contrast, wintering areas changed yearly among some individuals. Home ranges for all birds in summer ranged from 46. 7 ha to 485. 7 ha (x = 169.7 ha) while winter home ranges ranged from 43.9 ha to 145.3 ha (x = 102 .1 ha) • Adequate snow cover was absent over both winter sampling periods disallowing inferences concerning its effect on wintering home range. Turkeys selected home ranges with at least 45% forest cover in summer and 58% in winter even though overall forest cover was 38% in the study area. Summer habitat use was analyzed in relation to available habitat which included grassland, woodland, and cultivated areas. In general, summer habitat use was directed towards cultivated and wooded areas in the afternoon and grasslands in mornings and evenings. Winter habitat use was analyzed in relation to available habitat which included grassland, woodland, and farmstead-cultivated areas. Winter habitat use was directed towards woodlands near farmsteads

Paper Session III-C - Outer Space to Inner Space: The Story of the Transfer of NASA Exclimer Laser Technology to Medical Angioplasty Projects

The transfer of the NASA/JPL technology started with a phone call from three physicians at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (CSMC) in Los Angeles in the fall of 1983. The three physicians a surgeon, Dr. Warren Grundfest and two cardiologists, Drs. Frank Litvack and James Forrester called me in a serendipitous manner. They were calling local institutions to inquire about the availability of excimer laser technology to continue experimental studies they had started at CSMC and then continued with Argonne National Laboratories in Illinois. They were looking for a site in the area to continue their experiments on excimer laser ultraviolet radiation to ablate coronary blockages in the heart. CSMC was funded to do research by the NIH and later through private donations from hospital support groups. After discussing their ideas, I suggested they visit me at NASA\u27s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). I immediately notified our biomedical program manager at JPL, Dr. Ed Beckenbach, to inform him of the meeting. At the meeting the physicians went over their current results and presented their proposed plan for collaboration. Since my group had pioneered the early development of excimer lasers and had several home-built as well as commercial excimer lasers, Dr. Beckenbach thought that this could be an ideal collaboration. Dr. Beckenbach went back to NASA Headquarters and discussed the proposed collaboration. He then notified us that, if we wrote a short proposal, we could obtain funding from the NASA Technology Utilization Office. The proposal was submitted and Dr. Beckenbach provided a discretionary charge number to begin collaboration until the proposal was formally approved and funds sent to JPL. Thus began a two and one half year collaboration between NASA, JPL, CSMC, and the NIH to study laser tissue interactions to define a suitable laser angioplasty system

Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors: An Examination of the Antecedents of Behavior among Air Force Members at Work

A questionnaire was randomly distributed to members of the United States Air Force at Wright Patterson AFB, OH, with 307 returned. The survey was designed to test the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model developed by Icek Ajzen, and the organizational theory of planned behavior (OTPB) model explored in this research effort. Validation and measurement of the TPB in relation to an organizational setting was accomplished, with the organizational theory of planned behavior (OTPB) developed. The behaviors and intentions individuals have towards recycling, energy conservation, and carpooling were examined, with the demographic variables of gender, age, and education also investigated. Regression analysis revealed that the TPB is supported by this research, while the OTPB is not well supported. However, the organizational commitment component of the OTPB does account for significant variance, and seems to support a portion of the OTPB. The demographic variables of gender, age, and education provide useful insight into the organization. Women show a greater tendency to carpool to work than men, and are more likely to participate in the behavior. Also, having some college education influences energy conservation behavior, energy conservation intention, and carpooling behavior at work. It was also shown that those who are older have a greater tendency to conserve energy at work, and are more likely to participate in the behavior

Experimental procedures for molecular weight determination by light scattering

Molecular weight determination of polymers from angular dependence of light scatterin

Maternal caregivers have confluence of altered cortisol, high reward-driven eating, and worse metabolic health.

Animal models have shown that chronic stress increases cortisol, which contributes to overeating of highly palatable food, increased abdominal fat and lower cortisol reactivity. Few studies in humans have simultaneously examined these trajectories. We examined premenopausal women, either mothers of children with a diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder (n = 92) or mothers of neurotypical children (n = 91). At baseline and 2-years, we assessed hair cortisol, metabolic health, and reward-based eating. We compared groups cross-sectionally and prospectively, accounting for BMI change. Caregivers, relative to controls, had lower cumulative hair cortisol at each time point, with no decreases over time. Caregivers also had stable levels of poor metabolic functioning and greater reward-based eating across both time points, and evidenced increased abdominal fat prospectively (all ps ≤.05), independent of change in BMI. This pattern of findings suggest that individuals under chronic stress, such as caregivers, would benefit from tailored interventions focusing on better regulation of stress and eating in tandem to prevent early onset of metabolic disease, regardless of weight status