On the preservation of coherence in the electronic wavepacket of a neutral and rigid polyatomic molecule

We present various types of reduced models including five vibrational modes and three electronic states for the pyrazine molecule in order to investigate the lifetime of electronic coherence in a rigid and neutral system. Using an ultrafast optical pumping in the ground state (1 1 A g ), we prepare a coherent superposition of two bright excited states, 1 1 B 2u and 1 1 B 1u , and reveal the effect of the nuclear motion on the preservation of the electronic coherence induced by the laser pulse. More specifically, two aspects are considered: the anharmonicity of the potential energy surfaces and the dependence of the transition dipole moments (TDMs) with respect to the nuclear coordinates. To this end, we define an ideal model by making three approximations: (i) only the five totally symmetric modes move, (ii) which correspond to uncoupled harmonic oscillators, and (iii) the TDMs from the ground electronic state to the two bright states are constant (Franck-Condon approximation). We then lift the second and third approximations by considering, first, the effect of anharmonicity, second, the effect of coordinate-dependence of the TDMs (first-order Herzberg- Teller contribution), third, both. Our detailed numerical study with quantum dynamics confirms long-term revivals of the electronic coherence even for the most realistic model

Attosecond electronic and nuclear quantum photodynamics of ozone: time-dependent Dyson orbitals and dipole

A nonadiabatic scheme for the description of the coupled electron and nuclear motions in the ozone molecule was proposed recently. An initial coherent nonstationary state was prepared as a superposition of the ground state and the excited Hartley band. In this situation neither the electrons nor the nuclei are in a stationary state. The multiconfiguration time dependent Hartree method was used to solve the coupled nuclear quantum dynamics in the framework of the adiabatic separation of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The resulting wave packet shows an oscillation of the electron density between the two chemical bonds. As a first step for probing the electronic motion we computed the time-dependent molecular dipole and the Dyson orbitals. The latter play an important role in the explanation of the photoelectron angular distribution. Calculations of the Dyson orbitals are presented both for the time-independent as well as the time-dependent situations. We limited our description of the electronic motion to the Franck-Condon region only due to the localization of the nuclear wave packets around this point during the first 5-6 fs

Vibrational energy redistribution during donor-acceptor electronic energy transfer: criteria to identify subsets of active normal modes

Photoinduced electronic energy transfer in conjugated donor-acceptor systems is naturally accompanied by intramolecular vibrational energy redistributions accepting an excess of electronic energy. Herein, we simulate these processes in a covalently linked donor-acceptor molecular dyad system by using nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations. We analyze different complementary criteria to systematically identify the subset of vibrational normal modes that actively participate on the donoracceptor (S2S1) electronic relaxation. We analyze energy transfer coordinates in terms ofstate-specific normal modes defined according to the different potential energy surfaces (PESs) involved. On one hand, we identify those vibrations that contribute the most to the direction of the main driving force on the nuclei during electronic transitions, represented by the non-adiabatic derivative coupling vector between donor and acceptor electronic states. On the other hand, we monitor normal mode transient accumulations of excess energy and their intramolecular energy redistribution fluxes. We observe that the subset of active modes varies according to the PES on which they belong and these modes experience the most significant rearrangements and mixing. Whereas the nuclear motions that promote donoracceptor energy funneling can be localized mainly on one or two normal modes of the S2 state, they become spread out across multiple normal modes of the S1 state following the energy transfer eventThis work was partially supported by CONICET, UNQ, ANPCyT (PICT-2018-2360), the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No. 600371, el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (COFUND2014-51509), el Ministerio de Educación, cultura y Deporte (CEI-15-17), Banco Santander and el Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-101020-B-I00). We also acknowledge support from the Bavarian University Centre for Latin America (BAYLAT). The work at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Funds (LDRD) program. This work was done in part at the Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), a U.S. Department of Energy and Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility, at LANL. This research used resources provided by the LANL Institutional Computing Program. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Triad National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. This work has received finantial support provided by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, UE) under Project CTQ2016-79345-P and by the Funda-ción Séneca under Project 20789/PI/18

Bright-to-dark-to-bright photoisomerisation in a forked (phenylene ethynylene) dendrimer prototype and its building blocks: a new mechanistic shortcut for excitation-energy transfer?

Dendrimers made of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) building blocks are highly organised two-dimensional macromolecules that have raised much interest for their potential use as artificial light-harvesting antennae. Excitation-energy transfer is assumed to occur from the periphery to the core via a tree-shaped graph connecting a pair of donors on each acceptor. The received photophysical mechanism involves a converging cascade of crossings among bright electronic states foremost mediated by rigid acetylenic stretching modes. On the other hand, competition with in-plane trans-bending motions has been detected experimentally in oligomers and confirmed by computations in larger species, thus suggesting the additional involvement of dark electronic states acting as intermediates. In the present work, we show that this secondary process represents an alternative pathway that may not be detrimental and could even be viewed as a mechanistic shortcut

Solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for nuclear motion in one step: direct dynamics of non-adiabatic systems

International audienc

Excited-state dynamics

International audienceExcited‐state dynamics is the field of theoretical and physical chemistry devoted to simulating molecular processes induced upon UV‐visible light absorption. This involves nuclear dynamics methods to determine the time evolution of the molecular geometry used in concert with electronic structure methods capable of computing electronic excited‐state potential energy surfaces. Applications concern photochemistry (see Chapter CMS‐030: Computational photochemistry) and electronic spectroscopy. Most of the work in this field looks at unsaturated organic molecules as these provide widely used chromophores with a straightforward photochemistry that can be described by a small number (usually two) of electronic states. The electronic ground state of closed‐shell organic molecules is a singlet (electronic spin zero) termed S0. Molecules are promoted to their electronic excited states through absorption of UV‐visible light (200-700 nm), usually to the first or second singlet, S1 or S2. Typical examples are well represented as a one‐electron transition from the π or n highest occupied molecular orbital to a π* or σ* low‐lying unoccupied molecular orbital. The photo‐excited system will deactivate and return to the electronic ground state over a timescale that can be as short as about 100 fs for ultrafast mechanisms. For example, the initial event of vision is a photo‐isomerization of the retinal chromophore in the rhodopsine protein that occurs in ca. 200 fs. The goal of a computational approach to the simulation of photo‐induced processes is the complete description of what happens at the molecular level from the promotion to the excited electronic state to the formation of products or regeneration of reactants back in the electronic ground state