Medical and Healthcare Waste Management In African Cities: A Case Study

Medical wastes consist of all types and categories of waste generated by medical establishments. Infections and hazardous health care waste pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant and animal life if not properly managed.  This study evaluated the generation, collection transportation and management of medical waste in selected private and public medical establishments in thirteen local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos State, Nigeria.  Field observations, interviews and questionnaire were employed in the course of this research to collect data.  The data collected were analysed and discussed.  The results showed that the medical waste generated out weighted the current management strategies employed by the medical establishment authorities and regulatory bodies in Lagos State, Nigeria.  There is no structured staff training and development policies, plans and practices for staff members involved in medical waste management.  The on site handling, storage, processing and collection facilities of medical waste are obsolete.  The study therefore recommend the need for federal ministry of health, Lagos State ministry of health, professional bodies, regulatory agencies, and the management of health care establishments to review the current medical waste management strategies, upgrade the on-site medical waste handling facilities and embark on training and retraining of staff members involved in medical waste management in Lagos State and other States of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

Appraisal of jaw swellings in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility

Introduction: The mandible and maxilla can be the site of myriads of lesions that may be categorized as neoplastic, cystic, reactive and infective or inflammatory. Literature reviewing jaw swellings in an amalgamated fashion are uncommon, probably because aetiologies for these swellings are varied. However, to appreciate their relative relationship, it is essential to evaluate the clinico-pathologic profile of jaw swellings. The aim of this appraisal is to describe the array of jaw swellings seen at our hospital from 1990 to 2011, to serve as a reference database. Methodology: Biopsy records of all histologically diagnosed cases of jaw swellings seen at the department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital between January 1990 and December 2011 were retrieved, coded and inputted into SPSS version 20. Data on prevalence, age, sex, site and histological diagnosis were analysed descriptively for each category of jaw swellings. All patients below 16 years were regarded as children. Results: A total of 638 jaw swellings were recorded in the 22-year study period. The Non Odontogenic Tumours (NOT) were the commonest, accounting for 46.2% of all jaw swellings. Odontogenic Tumours (OT) formed 45% of all adult jaw swelling while it formed 25.2% in children and adolescents. Ameloblastoma was the commonest while the most common NOT was ossifying fibroma (OF). Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws was about 6 times commoner in adult females than males and mostly involved the mandible. The most common malignant jaw swelling was Burkitts' lymphoma (BL) that was about 7 times more in children than adults. Osteogenic sarcoma was the most common malignancy in adults. Conclusion: Jaw swellings are extensively varied in types and pattern of occurrence. This study has categorized jaw swellings in a simple but comprehensive fashion to allow for easy referencing in local and international data acquisition and epidemiological comparison

A Study of Some Quality Characteristics of Paracetamol Tablet

This paper is focused on the study of some quality characteristics of Paracetamol Tablet produced by TUYIL Pharmaceutical Industry Limited, Ilorin, Kwara State between January and June 2019. The data used was a secondary data collected from the quality department of the company, and collected on the following four quality characteristics: average weight (milligram), hardness (kilo pounds), disintegration time (minutes), and friability (percentage) as in the appendix. The Pattern of distribution was examined for the characteristics through their histogram and monitored using 16X"> -chart and R-chart. The process capability analysis was carried out by estimating the capability indexes. All the quality characteristics studied are in statistical control, capable of producing within their specified range. All the pairs of the quality characteristics are significantly correlated. Keywords:Specification Limits, Upper Control Limit, Lower Control Limit, Statistical Process Control, Average Weight, Disintegration Time, Hardness, Friability DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/95-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A Surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)

Snoring is now seen as one end of sleep-related breathing disorder resulting ultimately in obstructive sleep apnea. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is the first surgical procedure specifically designed to alleviate the abnormalities, although the use of laser appears to be the new trend. We present a case of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) in an overweight young adult male which was corrected with the traditional UPPP. This paper also highlights the role of high index of suspicion and meticulous clinical decision making in the absence of sophisticated sleep studies

Development and exploration of a mathematical model for transmission of monkey-pox disease in humans

In this paper, mathematical model of Monkey-Pox transmission is developed and investigated, using ordinary differential equation. We verified the feasible region of the model and showed the positivity of the solutions. We obtained the disease free equilibrium (DFE). We computed and analysed the effective basic reproduction number (R0) of the model

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTROLYSIS-ENHANCED ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF THREE SOLUBLE SOLID WASTES FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Aim: A comparative study of biogas production from three soluble solid wastes was conducted under anaerobic conditions by subjecting each waste to both conventional and electrolyzed digesters. Methodology and Results: Varying weight of each of the waste was mixed thoroughly with water and fed into five digesters. Three of these digesters were electrolytically-enhanced while the other two were not. The digestion of each of the wastes was monitored for 40 days at an ambient temperature ranging from 24 to 35oC. In all the digesters, biogas production started on the day 2, and attained maximum value on day 14 to17. Biogas production ended on the day 34 and 35 in digester 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b with production ending earliest in digester 3 containing wastewater on day 19. The highest biogas was produced in digester 2b containing electrolyzed digester loaded with poultry droppings) with a cumulative volume percentage of 91.41 as compared to its conventional state with a cumulative volume percentage of 85.19 and both states of the cow dung waste with cumulative volume percentages of 77.26 and 71.64 respectively. The least production occurred in digester 3 with a cumulative volume percentage of 4.59. Conclusion, significance and impact study: It is therefore concluded that poultry droppings has the greatest potentials for the generation of biogas as compared to cow dung in conventional and electrolyzed state and wastewater

AN ASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENCROACHMENT ON OGUN RIVER BANK PROTECTION ZONE IN ABEOKUTA CITY, NIGERIA

An assessment of urban sprawl in Abeokuta city, Nigeria from 1964 to 2008 was conducted. The study investigated the rate of encroachment of buildings on the Ogun River bank using Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing techniques. Topographic map of the city was scanned, imported into GIS, and digitized. Series of multi-date remote sensing satellite imageries were also acquired, processed, classified (where necessary) and vectorized to enable full assessment of the spread of built up area into the River bank Protection zone (RBPZ). A recent, high resolution satellite (Ikonos) image was utilized to assess the situation at present.  Results of the assessment revealed progressive spatial expansion in the city and progressive encroachment on Ogun river right of way. Particularly, gross encroachments were pronounced in the aboriginal part of the city. A total of 34.1ha of built up area are completely within the protection zone as at 1964, this increased to 50ha in 1974, 77 ha in 1984 and 90 ha in 1994. In the year 2008, the encroachment was almost four times (123 ha) what it was in 1964. The study demonstrated that use of remote sensing and GIS is very useful and effective for the monitoring of urban sprawl. It provides a tool of the quantitative measurement that is needed for rapidly growing regions in identifying internal variations and temporal change of urban sprawl patterns in different periods. Â

An Integrated Approach to Rural Development in Nigeria

Rural development practice in Nigeria has spanned over 10 decades from pre-independence to the current decade. This paper attempts a time-series review on rural development practice in Nigeria to see what has changed over a fairly long period of time. Various development plan periods have been examined in relation to rural development practice. The review shows that the greater part of public efforts on rural development was subsumed under agricultural development which was more exploitative to the rural resources and residents than improve their quality of life. Although relatively improved understanding of rural development manifested among policy makers beginning in the late 1980s, the paper argues that such understanding surprisingly did not translate into corresponding improvement in rural development practice because of several factors including weak institutional arrangements, corruption and absence of coordinated practice among competing agencies. It is the view of this paper that in order to facilitate agricultural development, government should adopt an integrated rural development approach which is a multi-dimensional strategy for improving the quality of the life of the rural people. It concludes that rural development is imperative for improved of agricultural growth and development in Africa. Keywords: Development, Rural area, Nigeria, Developing Economy, Agriculture

Risk and Trust in Online Shopping: Experience from Nigeria

This paper attempts to examine and investigate online shopping in Nigeria considering perceived risk and trust among online shoppers and online vendors. Trust in the Internet world can be influenced by perceptions of the vendors. This study will place more emphasis on consumers trust in online vendors rather than trust in the infrastructure. This study argues that since online vendors are the consumer’s main focus when transacting online, trust is built based on perceptions of the vendors. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of online shopping is also examined in this study know whether the Nigeria populace see a need for online shopping or even e-commerce. Some of the perceived risk identified includes risk are financial, product performance, social, psychological and time/ convenience loss. Primary source of data collection was employed in getting data for this study through administering of questionnaires. Respondents were selected from Lagos, Port Harcourt and Abuja, which are the major cities in Nigeria; there were 100 respondents in this research study. Correlation analysis was carried out to test for relationship between variables. Findings reveals that the presence of perceived risk negatively affects trust in online shopping and that perceived usefulness of online shopping has a positive effect on actual usage of online shopping. Keywords: E-Commerce, Economy, Consumer, Internet, Trust, Ris

Comparative Analysis on the Diastolic Blood Pressure of Some Selected Age Groups in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State

This research work aimed to examine the comparative analysis on the diastolic blood pressure of some selected age group in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The data used for this research work covered the age group between 20 years and above with record of Diastolic blood pressure and patients ages of forty (40) people in Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. The data used for this research work was secondary which was extracted from the surveyed record of laboratory test department of general hospital, Ise-Emure Local Government, Ekiti State. From the graph, the diagram showed that, as the age increases so also the diastolic blood pressure rises at a slowly manner. The result of the analysis carried out using SPSS from the data revealed that the Pearson’s correlation coefficient computed to be 16r=0.470 "> , which implies  that there is steady relationship between Age and Diastolic blood pressure of the patients at general hospital Ise-Emure, Ekiti.. From the analysis we observed that the p-value (0.002) is less than the alpha level (0.05), of which we reject Ho. Under the test for independence, the 16tcalculated">  was computed to be 163.28">  while that of corresponding 16ttabulated">  was observed to be 1.686, of which 16tcalculated>ttabulated"> , by comparison  16H0">  was rejected. Keywords: Diastolic Blood Pressure, Survey, Hypertension, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Comparison, Association, Hypothesis, Patients. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/95-11 Publication date: November 30th 202