Fenologia de Syagrus coronata (Arecaceae) e o impacto do fogo na sobrevivência e reprodução do licuri

Three years of reproductive phenological data (1983–1986) were analyzed for 331 licuri palms (Syagrus coronata) in a natural population in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Using a one-year subset of the data, we also compared the phenologies of 83 individuals burned by wildfires and 248 unburned individuals to examine the impact of fire on S. coronata. Burned specimens showed slightly delayed fruiting compared to non-burned specimens, but a randomization test showed no significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that licuri palms are capable of surviving wildfires with almost no interruption to their phenological cycles.Foram analisados três anos (1983–1986) de dados de fenología reprodutiva para 331 palmeiras de licuri (Syagrus coronata) numa população natural em Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil. Usando um subconjunto dos dados de um ano dessas populações, foi comparada a fenologia de 83 indivíduos que foram queimados com a de 248 indivíduos que não foram queimados a fim de avaliar o impacto dos incêndios na fenologia de S. coronata. Indivíduos que foram queimados apresentaram uma frutificação ligeiramente tardia em comparação aos indivíduos que não foram queimados, mas uma avaliação randomizada revelou que não há diferença significativa entre os dois grupos, sugerindo que os licuris sejam capazes de sobreviver a incêndios florestais quase sem interrupção de seus ciclos fenológicos

Genomic islands of divergence in hybridizing Heliconius butterflies identified by large-scale targeted sequencing

This article presents an inventory of South American palms including 457 species and 50 genera. The distribution of palms within seven phytogeographical entities is analyzed. Factors which influence the evolution of palms in South America are discussed.Este artículo presenta un inventario de la flora de palmeras autóctonas de Suramérica, conformada por 457 especies y 50 géneros. Se analiza la distribución de este grupo vegetal en siete entidades fitogeográficas y se discuten los principales factores que influyen sobre la evolución de las palmeras en América del Sur

Phylogenetic Analysis of Seven WRKY Genes across the Palm Subtribe Attaleinae (Arecaceae) Identifies Syagrus as Sister Group of the Coconut

BACKGROUND:The Cocoseae is one of 13 tribes of Arecaceae subfam. Arecoideae, and contains a number of palms with significant economic importance, including the monotypic and pantropical Cocos nucifera L., the coconut, the origins of which have been one of the "abominable mysteries" of palm systematics for decades. Previous studies with predominantly plastid genes weakly supported American ancestry for the coconut but ambiguous sister relationships. In this paper, we use multiple single copy nuclear loci to address the phylogeny of the Cocoseae subtribe Attaleinae, and resolve the closest extant relative of the coconut. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We present the results of combined analysis of DNA sequences of seven WRKY transcription factor loci across 72 samples of Arecaceae tribe Cocoseae subtribe Attaleinae, representing all genera classified within the subtribe, and three outgroup taxa with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches, producing highly congruent and well-resolved trees that robustly identify the genus Syagrus as sister to Cocos and resolve novel and well-supported relationships among the other genera of the Attaleinae. We also address incongruence among the gene trees with gene tree reconciliation analysis, and assign estimated ages to the nodes of our tree. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This study represents the as yet most extensive phylogenetic analyses of Cocoseae subtribe Attaleinae. We present a well-resolved and supported phylogeny of the subtribe that robustly indicates a sister relationship between Cocos and Syagrus. This is not only of biogeographic interest, but will also open fruitful avenues of inquiry regarding evolution of functional genes useful for crop improvement. Establishment of two major clades of American Attaleinae occurred in the Oligocene (ca. 37 MYBP) in Eastern Brazil. The divergence of Cocos from Syagrus is estimated at 35 MYBP. The biogeographic and morphological congruence that we see for clades resolved in the Attaleinae suggests that WRKY loci are informative markers for investigating the phylogenetic relationships of the palm family

Key to Syagrus identification using leaflet margin anatomy: Supplement to “A revision of Syagrus (Arecaceae)”

Presented here is an alternative method of identification for species of the Neotropical palm genus Syagrus. It makes use of anatomical characters found in the leaflet margins and can be used for identification when few other vegetative or reproductive morphological characters are available. This anatomical study demonstrates the vast diversity found in a single palm genus and may also help to gain understanding of some possible relationships within the genus

Leaflet anatomy verifies relationships within Syagrus (Arecaceae) and aids in identification

The current investigation was carried out to examine how palm anatomy may coincide with the current molecular analysis including the three recognized clades of Syagrus Mart. and to justify the splitting of acaulescent Syagrus species (e.g. S. petraea (Mart.) Becc.) into several species. Free-hand cross-sections of leaflets were made and the comparison of these verifies the relationships suggested by the molecular data. Free-hand leaflet sections were also found to be useful in the identification of otherwise difficult-to-identify acaulescent Syagrus species. The result and conclusion is that anatomical data is valuable in helping to verify molecular data and that splitting the acaulescent species of Syagrus is justified by the differences discovered in their field habit and anatomy. These differences were used to produce an identification key that is based on the anatomy

The indigenous palms of the state of Bahia, Brazil.

The indigenous palms of the state of Bahia, Brazil

Diversity of leaf anatomy within a single leaflet and between leaflets of four Butia (Arecaceae, Arecoideae) species

This paper is an investigation into how the anatomy changes within a leaflet and between the leaflets of a single leaf blade of Butia. Four species of Butia were studied: Butia paraguayensis, B. eriospatha, B. yatay and B. odorata. Changes in the anatomical characters are important because some have been used in keys to help separate the species. Recently, anatomical mid-rib characters were used in a key to separate species of Butia. We found that characters, such as abaxially projected or rounded mid-rib fibrous ring or number and arrangement of accessory bundles, do change within a single leaflet or between the leaflets of a single leaf blade. Growing conditions and leaf developmental maturity are also important factors that influence leaflet anatomy and may cause one to be misled in an identification key based on anatomical characters. We re-emphasize the importance of always sampling from the same part of the leaf, to have a broader sampling, be attentive to the environmental condition and health of the plant from which you are sampling and to consider population differences

Archontophoenix at Montgomery Botanical Center

Following revision of the genus by Dowe and Hodel (1994), Archontophoenix comprises six species of palms native\ud to tropical to warm-temperate Australia, in Queensland and\ud New South Wales. The living collections at Montgomery\ud Botanical Center have five of these six species represented (see table). These collections include some very old specimens that date back to Colonel Montgomery (Figure 1) and a significant group of more recently collected plants including Archontophoenix tuckeri (Figure 2), the most tropical of the species

Phylogenetic analysis of Attalea (Arecaceae): insights into the historical biogeography of a recently diversified Neotropical plant group

International audienceWe present a dated phylogenetic tree for the Neotropical genus Attalea (Arecaceae). We used six orthologues from the nuclear WRKY gene family across 98 accessions to address relationships among species and biogeographical hypotheses. We found that the formerly recognized groups within Attalea are not monophyletic and therefore there is no support for multiple genera as previously thought. Species of Attalea-like palms from the Atlantic forest form a well-supported clade sister to the Attalea species from Amazonia, the Andean valleys and Mesoamerica. Dates for the main divergence events suggest a relationship with the development of the dry forests that now span eastern South America and the now-lost Pebas Lake region in the western Amazon. Attalea crassispatha possibly colonized Hispaniola by a long-distance dispersal event, not via the land bridge Great Antilles Avian Ridge (GAAR), before the Panama channel closed. The common ancestor of Attalea appears to have been an Atlantic forest clade c. 30 Mya. The early split between the Atlantic-forest clade and the two Amazonian-northern Andean clades was probably the result of climatic changes that caused an increase in aridity in South America