756 research outputs found
Feasibility Pilot Outcomes of a Mammography Decision Support and Navigation Intervention for Women With Serious Mental Illness Living in Supportive Housing Settings.
Objective: People with serious mental illness (SMI) experience significant disparities in morbidity and mortality from preventable and treatable medical conditions. Women with SMI have low mammography screening rates. SMI, poverty, and poor access to care can have a significant effect on a woman’s opportunity to learn about and discuss breast cancer screening with health care providers. This study examines the feasibility pilot outcomes of mammography decision support and patient navigation intervention (DSNI) for women with SMI living in supportive housing settings. The primary research question was: Does the DSNI increase knowledge, promote favorable attitudes, and decrease decisional conflict relating to screening mammography?
Methods: We developed the intervention with the community using participatory methods. Women (n = 21) with SMI who had not undergone screening mammography in the past year participated in an educational module and decision counseling session and received patient navigation over a 6-month period. We conducted surveys and interviews at baseline and follow-ups to assess mammography decisional conflict.
Results: Among study participants, 67% received a mammogram. The mammogram DSNI was feasible and acceptable to women with SMI living in supportive housing settings. From baseline to 1-month follow-up, decisional conflict decreased significantly (P= .01). The patient navigation process resulted in 270 attempted contacts (M= 12.86, SD = 10.61) by study staff (phone calls and emails with patient and/or case manager) and 165 navigation conversations (M= 7.86, SD = 4.84). A barrier to navigation was phone communication, with in-person navigation being more successful. Participants reported they found the intervention helpful and made suggestions for further improvement.
Conclusions: The process and outcomes evaluation support the feasibility and acceptability of the mammography DSNI. This project provides initial evidence that an intervention developed with participatory methods can improve cancer screening outcomes in supportive housing programs for people with SMI
A Contracting, Turbulent, Starless Core in the Serpens Cluster
We present combined single-dish and interferometric CS(2--1) and N2H+(1--0)
observations of a compact core in the NW region of the Serpens molecular cloud.
The core is starless according to observations from optical to millimeter
wavelengths and its lines have turbulent widths and ``infall asymmetry''. Line
profile modeling indicates supersonic inward motions v_in>0.34 km/s over an
extended region L>12000AU. The high infall speed and large extent exceeds the
predictions of most thermal ambipolar diffusion models and points to a more
dynamical process for core formation. A short (dynamic) timescale, ~1e5
yr=L/v_in, is also suggested by the low N2H+ abundance ~1e-10.Comment: 11 pages including 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journal Letter
Using design experiments to conduct research on mathematics professional development
In this paper, we propose that the emerging transformation of mathematics professional development from a practice-based to a research field would benefit from stronger connections to research on learning. In particular, we contend that design experiments represent a premier emerging methodology to study learning, and we argue that a better understanding of teacher learning through the use of design experiments in mathematics professional development can lead to improvement of mathematics professional development as both an area of practice and a field of research
Infall, Outflow, Rotation, and Turbulent Motions of Dense Gas within NGC 1333 IRAS 4
Millimeter wavelength observations are presented of NGC 1333 IRAS 4, a group
of highly-embedded young stellar objects in Perseus, that reveal motions of
infall, outflow, rotation, and turbulence in the dense gas around its two
brightest continuum objects, 4A and 4B. These data have finest angular
resolution of approximately 2" (0.0034 pc) and finest velocity resolution of
0.13 km/s. Infall motions are seen from inverse P-Cygni profiles observed in
H2CO 3_12-2_11 toward both objects, but also in CS 3-2 and N2H+ 1-0 toward 4A,
providing the least ambiguous evidence for such motions toward low-mass
protostellar objects. Outflow motions are probed by bright line wings of H2CO
3_12-2_11 and CS 3-2 observed at positions offset from 4A and 4B, likely
tracing dense cavity walls. Rotational motions of dense gas are traced by a
systematic variation of the N2H+ line velocities, and such variations are found
around 4A but not around 4B. Turbulent motions appear reduced with scale, given
N2H+ line widths around both 4A and 4B that are narrower by factors of 2 or 3
than those seen from single-dish observations. Minimum observed line widths of
approximately 0.2 km/s provide a new low, upper bound to the velocity
dispersion of the parent core to IRAS 4, and demonstrate that turbulence within
regions of clustered star formation can be reduced significantly. A third
continuum object in the region, 4B', shows no detectable line emission in any
of the observed molecular species.Comment: LateX, 51 pages, 9 figures, accepted by Ap
Evidence for Pressure Driven Flows and Turbulent Dissipation in the Serpens NW Protocluster
We have mapped the dense gas distribution and dynamics in the NW region of
the Serpens molecular cloud in the CS(2-1) and N2H+(1-0) lines and 3 mm
continuum using the FCRAO telescope and BIMA interferometer. 7 continuum
sources are found. The N2H+ spectra are optically thin and fits to the 7
hyperfine components are used to determine the distribution of velocity
dispersion. 8 cores, 2 with continuum sources, 6 without, lie at a local
linewidth minimum and optical depth maximum. The CS spectra are optically thick
and generally self-absorbed over the full 0.2 pc extent of the map. We use the
line wings to trace outflows around at least 3, and possibly 4, of the
continuum sources, and the asymmetry in the self-absorption as a diagnostic of
relative motions between core centers and envelopes. The quiescent regions with
low N2H+ linewidth tend to have more asymmetric CS spectra than the spectra
around the continuum sources indicating higher infall speeds. These regions
have typical sizes ~5000 AU, linewidths ~0.5 km/s, and infall speeds ~0.05
km/s. The correlation of CS asymmetry with N2H+ velocity dispersion suggests
that the inward flows of material that build up pre-protostellar cores are
driven at least partly by a pressure gradient rather than by gravity alone. We
discuss a scenario for core formation and eventual star forming collapse
through the dissipation of turbulence.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal 26 pages, 10
figure
Co-Infection with the Friend Retrovirus and Mouse Scrapie Does Not Alter Prion Disease Pathogenesis in Susceptible Mice
Prion diseases are fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. An abnormally protease-resistant and insoluble form (PrPSc) of the normally soluble protease-sensitive host prion protein (PrPC) is the major component of the infectious prion. During the course of prion disease, PrPSc accumulates primarily in the lymphoreticular and central nervous systems. Recent studies have shown that co-infection of prion-infected fibroblast cells with the Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) strongly enhanced the release and spread of scrapie infectivity in cell culture, suggesting that retroviral coinfection might significantly influence prion spread and disease incubation times in vivo. We now show that another retrovirus, the murine leukemia virus Friend (F-MuLV), also enhanced the release and spread of scrapie infectivity in cell culture. However, peripheral co-infection of mice with both Friend virus and the mouse scrapie strain 22L did not alter scrapie disease incubation times, the levels of PrPSc in the brain or spleen, or the distribution of pathological lesions in the brain. Thus, retroviral co-infection does not necessarily alter prion disease pathogenesis in vivo, most likely because of different cell-specific sites of replication for scrapie and F-MuLV
Using Design Experiments to Conduct Research on Mathematics Professional Development
In this paper, we propose that the emerging transformation of mathematics professional development from a practice-based to a research field would benefit from stronger connections to research on learning. In particular, we contend that design experiments represent a premier emerging methodology to study learning, and we argue that a better understanding of teacher learning through the use of design experiments in mathematics professional development can lead to improvement of mathematics professional development as both an area of practice and a field of research
A multifrequency study of giant radio sources III. Dynamical age vs. spectral age of the lobes of selected sources
The dynamical ages of the opposite lobes of selected giant radio sources are
estimated using the DYNAGE algorithm of Machalski et al., and compared with
their spectral ages estimated and studied by Jamrozy et al. in Paper II. As
expected, the DYNAGE fits give slightly different dynamical ages and other
model's parameters for the opposite lobes modelled independently each other,
e.g. the age ratios are found between ~1.1 to ~1.4. Demanding similar values of
the jet power and the radio core density for the same source, we look for a
self-consistent solution for the opposite lobes, which results in different
density profiles along them found by the fit. We also show that a departure
from the equipartition conditions assumed in the model, justified by X-ray
observations of the lobes of some nearby radio galaxies, and a relevant
variation of the magnetic-field strengths may provide an equalisation of the
lobes' ages. A comparison of the dynamical and spectral ages shows that a ratio
of the dynamical age to the spectral age of the lobes of investigated giant
radio galaxies is between ~1 and ~5, i.e. is similar to that found for smaller
radio galaxies (e.g. Parma et al. 1999). Supplementing possible causes for this
effect already discussed in the literature, like uncertainty of assumed
parameters of the model, an influence of a possible departure from the energy
equipartition assumption, etc. Arguments are given to suggest that DYNAGE can
better take account of radiative effects at lower frequencies than the
spectral-ageing analysis.The DYNAGE algorithm is especially effective for
sources at high redshifts, for which an intrinsic spectral curvature is shifted
to low frequencies.Comment: Accepted to MNRAS, 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 table
Mesenchymal stem cells at the intersection of cell and gene therapy
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Along with differentiation, MSCs can modulate inflammation, home to damaged tissues and secret bioactive molecules. These properties can be enhanced through genetic-modification that would combine the best of both cell and gene therapy fields to treat monogenic and multigenic diseases
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