New Landmarks, Signs, and Findings in Optical Coherence Tomography

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a common useful noninvasive imaging instrument which is used for the diagnosis and follow-up of macular disorders. The clinical findings by OCT in these pathologies are well known. Currently, due to the development of this technology and its wide use, new OCT findings have been reported in the literature. The aim of this chapter is to describe new pathological or abnormal signs and findings in SD-OCT, including hyperreflective spots or dots, flyer saucer sign, outer retinal tubulations, dipping sign, focal choroidal excavation, outer retina-choroid complex splitting, foveal pseudocyst, brush border pattern, dome-shaped macula, pearl necklace sign, choroidal macrovessel, cystoid foveal degeneration, and disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL)

Typology Selection of Retaining Walls Based on Multicriteria Decision-Making Methods

This research received no external funding.In civil engineering and construction, in the selection of the most adequate and sustainable alternative, all of the alternatives and selection criteria, such as the requirements of the construction process (which are often overlooked) and the preferences of designers, clients, or contractors, are not always taken into account. The purpose of this article is to suggest a methodology that may allow studying all of the possible alternatives to find the most ideal solution among all of the existing possibilities for the selection of retaining walls to be built in infrastructures in different environments. For this purpose, all typologies of retaining walls and selection criteria (external requirements, construction requirements, characteristics of the natural land and economic criteria) are first identified. Subsequently, a simple methodological method is proposed, allowing the relative importance of each criterion to be established and allowing us to select the most suitable solution for each situation by successively applying different multicriteria decision-making methods. Finally, the methodology developed is applied to two projects in different locations with different constraints. The results obtained provide a set of compromise solutions that remain as best-rank alternatives when the weights of the criteria change. Therefore, the methodology developed can be applied to the selection of typologies of other structures in future projects

High-Speed Video Microscopy for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Diagnosis: A Study of Ciliary Motility Variations with Time and Temperature

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disease resulting from a defect in ciliary function that generates, among other issues, chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections. European guidelines recommend studying ciliary function (pattern (CBP) and frequency (CBF)), together with characteristic clinical symptoms, as one of the definitive tests. However, there is no “gold standard”. The present study aims to use high-speed video microscopy to describe how CBF and CBP alter over time and at different temperatures to reduce the error rate in the diagnosis of PCD. Samples of nasal epithelium from 27 healthy volunteers were studied to assess CBF and CBP at 0, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h, at room temperature and 4 °C. It was observed that CBF increased while CBP became dyskinetic, both at room temperature and at 4 °C, as time passed, especially after 3 h. In order to preserve all ciliary function parameters and to perform a reliable analysis to improve the diagnostic process of PCD, analysis should be performed within the first 3 h of sample collection, preferably in reference centers

Principales deficiencias a la aplicación de la política de la gestión de residuos sólidos en Lima y el Callao

El presente estudio tiene como fin identificar las principales deficiencias de la gestión de residuos sólidos municipales domiciliarios en las provincias de Lima y El Callao, y a partir de ello desarrollar una propuesta de mejora en la aplicación de la Política de Gestión de Residuos Sólidos en las provincias en mención. Para ello, se aplicó la metodología Delphi, la cual consiste en conformar un panel de expertos, a partir del cual se identificaron cuáles son los factores más relevantes de la gestión de residuos sólidos municipales domiciliarios en las provincias de Lima y Callao, resaltando los siguientes: ineficiente segregación de los residuos sólidos municipales aprovechables en la fuente por parte de la ciudadanía; deficiencia en el cumplimiento de la primera y segunda finalidad de la gestión de residuos sólidos (minimización y valorización, respectivamente); baja recaudación de los arbitrios municipales o la imposibilidad de su cobro por carecer de una normativa de cobranza (Ordenanzas Municipales); falta de sensibilización y conciencia ambiental por la ciudadanía en la segregación de residuos sólidos domiciliarios; y poca asociatividad con el sector privado para el desarrollo de acciones conjuntas a escalas que rentabilicen procesos de valorización, entre otros

Implicaciones Jurídicas Del Marketing Digital

Con el presente artículo se busca identificar las implicaciones jurídicas que tiene el marketing digital en Colombia, en ese sentido durante el proceso de elaboración se desarrollarán temáticas que parten desde el recorrido histórico del marketing digital, legislación aplicable, conceptos básicos, herramientas del marketing digital y su relación con el campo jurídico, para culminar con algunas de las leyes colombianas que afectan el actuar del marketing digital.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Especialización en Derecho ComercialWith this article we want to examine the legal implications that digital marketing has in Colombia, for this reason themes are developed that start from the historical journey of digital marketing, basic concepts, digital marketing tools and their relationship with the legal field to culminate with some of the Colombian laws that affect the action of digital marketing. For this reason, a methodology is used in which an analysis is carried out, taking into account the regulatory framework that exists in Colombia on the use of digital tools and the limitations, sanctions. It is concluded that the rules that affect digital marketing, which are related to the interaction with advertising, the cases in which unfair competition is incurred in the management of information, personal data and electronic commerce

Uncertainty analysis methods to select the optimal alternative in the design of parking facilities

The selection of the preferred alternative in a parking facility project is usually made in a state of uncertainty. Decision-making methods are a useful tool to systematically arrive at a final decision between different alternatives and reduce subjectivity in decision making by creating a series of filters. However, the selection of the appropriate variables to be considered in the analysis may be problematic as well. Performing sensitivity analyses on entry variables is a key feature to ensure that the final choice is stable when initial conditions experience changes. This paper suggests a methodology to select the best alternative when considering parking facilities. The methodology compares the results from two different sensitivity analyses techniques. The changes in preference experienced as the applied weights change through the process are analyzed and the most critical criteria are identified

Occupational radiation exposure assessment during the management of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC

Background: Since it was first approved in Europe in 2016, the gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC has been widely used for imaging of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive tumours using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT). Significant patient benefits have been reported, so its use is rapidly increasing. However, few studies have been published regarding occupational doses to nuclear medicine personnel handling this radiopharmaceutical, despite its manual usage at low distances from the skin and the beta-emission decay scheme, which may result in an increased absorbed dose to their hands. In this context, this study aims to analyse the occupational exposure during the administration of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC for PET/CT imaging. For this purpose, extremity, eye lens and whole-body dosimetry in terms of Hp(0.07), Hp(3) and Hp(10), respectively, was conducted on six workers with both thermoluminescent dosimeters, and personal electronic dosimeters. Results: The non-dominant hand is more exposed to radiation than the dominant hand, with the thumb and the index fingertip being the most exposed sites on this hand. Qualitative analysis showed that when no shielding is used during injection, doses increase significantly more in the dominant than in the non-dominant hand, so the use of shielding is strongly recommended. While wrist dosimeters may significantly underestimate doses to the hands, placing a ring dosimeter at the base of the ring or middle finger of the non-dominant hand may give a valuable estimation of maximum doses to the hands if at least a correction factor of 5 is applied. Personal equivalent doses for the eyes did not result in measurable values (i.e., above the lowest detection limit) for almost all workers. The extrapolated annual dose estimations showed that there is compliance with the annual dose limits during management of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC for diagnostics with PET in the hospital included in this study. Conclusions: Imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC is a safe process for the workers performing the administration of the radiopharmaceutical, including intravenous injection to the patient and the pre- and post-activity control, as it is highly unlikely that annual dose limits will be exceeded if good working practices and shielding are used.Euratom research and training programme 2019?2020 under Grant Agree? ment N? 945196 (SINFONIA Projec

Diplomado Linux Unidades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6: Paso 8 - Solucionando necesidades específicas con GNU/Linux

Para acreditar los conocimientos adquiridos durante el desarrollo de este diplomado, todos los conocimientos adquiridos al fusionar los puntos a implementar a nivel de seguridad en esta presentación se combinan con la implementación del sistema operativo y la plataforma de control denominada Zentyal, que permite el descubrimiento. Las funciones que proporciona en los módulos instalados, ya sea en cuestiones de DHCP, DNS, PROXY, firewall y VPN, pueden probar las funciones de estas características.To accredit the knowledge acquired during the development of this course, all the knowledge acquired by merging the points to be implemented at the security level in this presentation are combined with the implementation of the operating system and the control platform called Zentyal, which allows discovery. The functions that it provides in the installed modules, whether it is DHCP, DNS, PROXY, firewall and VPN, can test the functions of these characteristics

Manganese Inhalation Induces Dopaminergic Cell Loss: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) experimental models are crucial in the assessment of possible therapies. Nevertheless, even though PD was one of the first neurodegenerative conditions to be modeled, there are limitations such as spontaneous recovery; lack of bilateral damage, which is a PD characteristic; animal intensive care after neurotoxin administration; and ultrastructural and biochemical nonspecific alterations but mostly the neurodegenerative time course observed in humans. In this chapter, we investigated the effects of divalent and trivalent manganese inhalation on rats and mice to obtain a novel PD animal model inducing bilateral and progressive dopaminergic cell death. We found that after 5 or 6 months of inhalation, there was more than 70% decrease in the number of TH-immunopositive neurons, and these alterations are correlated with an evident motor performance deficits manifested as akinesia, postural instability, and action tremor. More interesting is the fact that these alterations were reverted with l-DOPA treatment, implying that the motor alterations are associated with nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation, postulating new light for the understanding of manganese neurotoxicity as an appropriate PD experimental model. Our results are contributing to the development of a suitable PD animal model, reproducible, sensitive, time-efficient, and readily applicable behavioral tests