Equações de regressão para estimar valores energéticos do grão de trigo e seus subprodutos para frangos de corte, a partir de análises químicas Regression equations to evaluate the energy values of wheat grain and its by-products for broiler chickens from chemical analyses

Um experimento foi realizado com frangos de corte para a obtenção de equações de predição da energia a partir de análises químicas e dados de energia metabolizável (EM) utilizando como alimentos-teste o trigo e alguns de seus produtos, comparando quatro metodologias de estimação. Sete alimentos oriundos do trigo e uma ração-referência foram utilizados nos cinco tratamentos: trigo integral moído, gérmen de trigo, farinha de trigo clara, farinha de trigo escura, farelo de trigo para uso humano, farelo de trigo para uso animal e farelo de trigo grosso. Com base nas análises químicas de fibra bruta (FB), extrato etéreo (EE), proteína (PB), cinzas (Cz) e amido (A) dos alimentos e com os resultados observados de EM aparente (EMA), EM verdadeira (EMV), EM aparente corrigida (EMAn) e EM verdadeira corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMVn) nos cinco tratamentos, desenvolveram-se equações de predição por stepwise. FB foi a variável que melhor se relacionou com os valores de energia metabolizável, entretanto esse valor isolado não foi suficiente para uma boa estimativa dos valores energéticos (R² abaixo de 0,80). Quando somada ao EE e à PB aumentou-se a precisão das equações, com valores de R² acima de 0,90 na maioria das equações. Estimativas a partir dos valores de todos tratamentos resultaram em equações menos precisas para EMA, com menores R². Quando se utilizaram somente dados dos tratamentos pela metodologia tradicional ou de alimentação forçada separadamente aumentou-se a precisão das equações, com R² acima de 0,85. Para EMV e EMVn, as equações lineares múltiplas, utilizando-se FB, EE e PB, apresentaram boa precisão (R²>0,90), independente da utilização de todos os dados experimentais ou seu agrupamento por metodologia. Para a EMVn, além da alta precisão, os valores do coeficiente linear (a) das equações foram muito próximos quando se utilizaram todos os tratamentos ou agrupando-os por metodologia, o que significou pouca influência da metodologia sobre essa medida. A FDN não mostrou ser melhor preditor de EM do que a FB.<br>One experiment was run with broiler chickens, to obtain prediction equations for metabolizable energy (ME) based on feedstuffs chemical analyses, and determined ME of wheat grain and its by-products, using four different methodologies. Seven wheat grain by-products were used in five treatments: wheat grain, wheat germ, white wheat flour, dark wheat flour, wheat bran for human use, wheat bran for animal use and rough wheat bran. Based on chemical analyses of crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), ash (AS) and starch (ST) of the feeds and the determined values of apparent energy (MEA), true energy (MEV), apparent corrected energy (MEAn) and true energy corrected by nitrogen balance (MEVn) in five treatments, prediction equations were obtained using the stepwise procedure. CF showed the best relationship with metabolizable energy values, however, this variable alone was not enough for a good estimate of the energy values (R² below 0.80). When EE and CP were included in the equations, R² increased to 0.90 or higher in most estimates. When the equations were calculated with all treatments, the equation for MEA were less precise and R² decreased. When ME data of the traditional or force-feeding methods were used separately, the precision of the equations increases (R² higher than 0.85). For MEV and MEVn values, the best multiple linear equations included CF, EE and CP (R²>0.90), independently of using all experimental data or separating by methodology. The estimates of MEVn values showed high precision and the linear coefficients (a) of the equations were similar for all treatments or methodologies. Therefore, it explains the small influence of the different methodologies on this parameter. NDF was not a better predictor of ME than CF

Two- and three-pion quantum statistics correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Correlations induced by quantum statistics are sensitive to the spatiotemporal extent as well as dynamics of particle-emitting sources in heavy-ion collisions. In addition, such correlations can be used to search for the presence of a coherent component of pion production. Two- and three-pion correlations of same and mixed charge are measured at low relative momentum to estimate the coherent fraction of charged pions in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with ALICE. The genuine three-pion quantum statistics correlation is found to be suppressed relative to the two-pion correlation based on the assumption of fully chaotic pion emission. The suppression is observed to decrease with triplet momentum. The observed suppression at low triplet momentum may correspond to a coherent fraction in charged-pion emission of 23% +/- 8%

Two-and three-pion quantum statistics correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Correlations induced by quantum statistics are sensitive to the spatiotemporal extent as well as dynamics of particle-emitting sources in heavy-ion collisions. In addition, such correlations can be used to search for the presence of a coherent component of pion production. Two- and three-pion correlations of same and mixed charge are measured at low relative momentum to estimate the coherent fraction of charged pions in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with ALICE. The genuine three-pion quantum statistics correlation is found to be suppressed relative to the two-pion correlation based on the assumption of fully chaotic pion emission. The suppression is observed to decrease with triplet momentum. The observed suppression at low triplet momentum may correspond to a coherent fraction in charged-pion emission of 23% +/- 8%

Measurement of charged jet suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

20143NSFC; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Helmholtz Associatio

Underlying Event Measurements In Pp Collisions At √s = 0:9 And 7 Tev With The Alice Experiment At The Lhc

2012

Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The measurement of primary $$\pi ^{\pm }$$π±, $$K^{\pm }$$K±, $$p$$p and $${\overline{{p}}}$$p¯ production at mid-rapidity (|y| &lt;|y|&amp;lt; 0.5) in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$s$$=$$= 7 TeV performed with a large ion collider experiment at the large hadron collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionisation energy-loss and time-of-flight information, the ring-imaging Cherenkov technique and the kink-topology identification of weak decays of charged kaons. Transverse momentum spectra are measured from 0.1 up to 3 GeV/$$c$$c for pions, from 0.2 up to 6 GeV/$$c$$c for kaons and from 0.3 up to 6 GeV/$$c$$c for protons. The measured spectra and particle ratios are compared with quantum chromodynamics-inspired models, tuned to reproduce also the earlier measurements performed at the LHC. Furthermore, the integrated particle yields and ratios as well as the average transverse momenta are compared with results at lower collision energies. © 2015, CERN for the benefit of the ALICE collaboration