Incidence of grapevine leafroll associated viruses -1, -2, and -3 in Mendoza vineyards

Indexación: ScieloViticulture is important in Argentina's economy, especially in the province of Mendoza, which is responsible for more than 75% of the crop cultivated area. In this work, we evaluated the incidence of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) -1, -2, and -3 in Vitis vinifera clones of cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Sauvignon Blanc, planted in different zones of Mendoza. The selected clones were previously reported as putatively infected by GLRaV-2. All selected samples were analyzed by DAS-ELISA for GLRaV-1,-2 and -3. GLRaV-2 was the only virus identified in all the analyzed clones. The overall infection rates were 0.6%, 18.8% and 1.2 % for GLRaV-1, 2 and 3 respectively. For the clone Cabernet Sauvignon 337, the infection rate was very high (68.3%).http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1982-56762010000600007&nrm=is

Actividad antioxidante de diferentes cultivares de lechuga y su relación con el contenido de compuetos bioactivos

Los compuestos fenólicos son metabolitos secundarios de las plantas que juegan un rol importante en su crecimiento y protección contra situaciones de estrés. Junto con los pigmentos, están asociados a propiedades benéficas para la salud, entre las que se encuentra su capacidad antioxidante. La lechuga es una especie que presenta variabilidad tanto a nivel morfológico como en relación a su contenido de compuestos bioactivos influenciado por diversos factores pre y poscosecha

Incidence of Grapevine Leafroll Associated Viruses -1, -2, and -3 in Mendoza vineyards

Viticulture is important in Argentina's economy, especially in the province of Mendoza, which is responsible for more than 75% of the crop cultivated area. In this work, we evaluated the incidence of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) -1, -2, and -3 in Vitis vinifera clones of cultivars Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Sauvignon Blanc, planted in different zones of Mendoza. The selected clones were previously reported as putatively infected by GLRaV-2. All selected samples were analyzed by DAS-ELISA for GLRaV-1,-2 and -3. GLRaV-2 was the only virus identified in all the analyzed clones. The overall infection rates were 0.6%, 18.8% and 1.2 % for GLRaV-1, 2 and 3 respectively. For the clone Cabernet Sauvignon 337, the infection rate was very high (68.3%).A viticultura é importante para a economia da Argentina, especialmente na província de Mendoza, que abrange mais de 75% da área cultivada do país. Neste trabalho, nós avaliamos a incidência de Grapevine leafroll associated virus (GLRaV) -1, -2 e -3 em clones de Vitis vinifera das cultivares Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc e Sauvignon Blanc, cultivadas em diferentes zonas de Mendoza. Os clones selecionados foram previamente relatados como provavelmente infectados por GLRaV-2. Todas as amostras selecionadas foram analisadas por DAS-ELISA para GLRaV-1, -2 e -3. GLRaV-2 foi o único vírus identificado em todos os clones analisados. As incidëncias das infecçoes globais foram 0,6%, 18,8% e 1,2% para GLRaV-1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. No Cabernet Sauvignon clone 337 a incidëncia da infecção foi muito elevado (68,3%)Fil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Talquenca, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Engel, Esteban A. Fundación Ciencia para la Vida; Chile. Universidad Andrés Bello. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; ChileFil: Gracia, Olga. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentin

Serological relationships among strains of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 reflect the evolutive behavior of its coat protein gene

This research studied serological relationships and genetic diversity of Argentinean isolates of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-4 (GLRaV-4). Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein (CP) sequences from 19 local isolates revealed clustering with the previously described GLRaV-4 strain 5, strain 6, and strain 9 groups. Evolutionary sequence analysis of the obtained and database-available sequences showed evidence of recombination events. Additionally, both CP N- and C-terminal regions appeared to be under purifying selection, but the N-terminal region presented seven sites under positive selection, with a dN/dS ratio 5-fold greater than that of the C-terminal region. Serological reactivity against monoclonal antibodies supports a higher occurrence probability for linear epitopes in the N-terminal region, as inferred by the sequence analysis. The obtained results reflect an unusual evolutionary behavior of the CP that, together with protein serological reactivity, suggests biological significance of the observed variability. Highlights: The occurrence of GLRaV-4 strains -5, -6 and -9 was recorded in Argentina. The coat protein sequence showed a highly variable N-terminal region among the strains. An evolutionary analysis inferred the occurrence of sites under positive diversifying selection pressure. The most variable region of the coat protein presented the highest probability of occurrence of linear epitopes.This research studied serological relationships and genetic diversity of Argentinean isolates of grapevine leafroll-associated virus-4 (GLRaV-4). Phylogenetic analysis of coat protein (CP) sequences from 19 local isolates revealed clustering with the previously described GLRaV-4 strain 5, strain 6, and strain 9 groups. Evolutionary sequence analysis of the obtained and database-available sequences showed evidence of recombination events. Additionally, both CP N- and C-terminal regions appeared to be under purifying selection, but the N-terminal region presented seven sites under positive selection, with a dN/dS ratio 5-fold greater than that of the C-terminal region. Serological reactivity against monoclonal antibodies supports a higher occurrence probability for linear epitopes in the N-terminal region, as inferred by the sequence analysis. The obtained results reflect an unusual evolutionary behavior of the CP that, together with protein serological reactivity, suggests biological significance of the observed variability. Highlights: The occurrence of GLRaV-4 strains -5, -6 and -9 was recorded in Argentina. The coat protein sequence showed a highly variable N-terminal region among the strains. An evolutionary analysis inferred the occurrence of sites under positive diversifying selection pressure. The most variable region of the coat protein presented the highest probability of occurrence of linear epitopes

Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and growth behavior in lettuce cultivars grown under field and greenhouse conditions

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important leafy greens worldwide. The nutri-tional value of its edible leaf depends on different factors including type and growing conditions.The aim was to determine the bioactive compounds content, antioxidant activity and growth be-havior of twenty-two lettuce genotypes, cultivated under field and greenhouse conditions. Totalphenolic compound, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activitieswere analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA). Significant differences between bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and growthbehavior were found among cultivars and morphological types, for both growth conditions. Carot-enoid and chlorophyll content was higher in greenhouse conditions for all genotypes. In field pro-duction, butterhead and iceberg lettuces showed lower content of these bioactive compounds. Thered-pigmented Falbala cultivar from field production showed the highest level of polyphenols andanthocyanin. Meanwhile, in greenhouse conditions, the oak leaf cultivar Grenadine displayed thehighest concentration of these phenolic compounds. The iceberg type lettuce showed the lowestpercentages of antioxidant activity in both environments. The results showed the effect of growingconditions and the high variability in lettuce bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activityamong the different types.Fil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Soto Vargas, Verónica Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Morón, Anabella. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: González, Roxana Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina1st International Electronic Conference on Food Science and Functional FoodsBeijingChinaMDP

Occurrence of Nine Grapevine Viruses in Commercial Vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina

Grapevine is a widely grown fruit crop that is seriously affected by different viruses, reducing grape yield and quality, as well as threatening profitability. Vineyard disease management requires accurate identification of viral infections. This study aimed to survey the presence of ten grapevine viruses in four geographic sites in the Mendoza province of Argentina. Two hundred twenty-three composite cane samples from 1060 plants of six cultivars were collected from 26 blocks distributed across 11 vineyards. The cane samples were screened by RT-PCR for the following viruses: grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1–4 (GLRaV 1, 2, 3, and 4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine virus A (GVA) and B (GVB), grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV), and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). The results showed an uneven occurrence of viruses through the sampled regions, with GRSPaV being prevalent (71.1%), followed by GFLV (28.9%), GFkV (20.6%), and GLRaV-2 (14.7%). GVB was not detected. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of viruses associated with economically impactful diseases in the vineyards surveyed.Fil: Gómez Talquenca, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Facundo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Buscema, Fernando. Bodega Catena Zapata; Argentin

Potential use of cardoon oil for biodiesel production and its comparison with soybean oil

El cardo (silvestre y cultivado) es una especie con potencial para ser utilizado como cultivo energético con aprovechamiento integral para producción de biocombustible sólidos (pellets) y líquidos (bioetanol y biodiesel). Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron estudiar el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de cardo mediante técnicas químicas específicas, y la comparación con el perfil de ácidos grasos del aceite de soja. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el aceite de cardo presenta características adecuadas para ser destinado a la producción de biodiesel lo que permitiría la incorporación de un nuevo cultivo alternativo al circuito productivo-comercial con fines energéticos.Cardoon (wild and cultivated) is a species with potential to be fully used as an energy crop for solid (pellets) and liquid (bioethanol and biodiesel) biofuels production. The objective of this work was to study the fatty acids profile of cardoon oil by specific chemical techniques and its comparison with the fatty acids profile of Soybean oil. The results show that cardoon oil has suitable characteristics to be used for biodiesel production which would allow the incorporation of a new alternative crop to production circuit for energy purposes.Fil: Morero, Ana Carina. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Bernardita. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Malik, Yair. Universidad del Centro Educativo Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones En Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; Argentin

Survey for major grapevine viruses in commercial vineyards of Northwestern Argentina

This study aimed to survey the occurrence of eight grapevine viruses in commercial vine yards located in the Calchaquíes Valleys in the northwest region of Argentina. A total of 103 samples of mature canes of vines showing either none or some viral-like symptoms were randomly collected. The samples were tested by RT-PCR/PCR-based assays for the screening of the following viruses: Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, -2, -3, -4), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated viruses (GRSPaV), and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). Sixty percent of the analyzed samples showed infection with some of the analyzed viruses, except GRBV. GLRaV-3 and GFLV were the most frequent viruses, present in 34% and 21% of the pos itive samples, respectively. This study represents the first survey report of the presence of grapevine viruses in the region of the Calchaquíes Valleys and contributes to the knowledge to maintain the sanitary status of commercial vineyards in Argentina.EEA SaltaFil: Rivadeneria, Monica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Galvan, Marta Zulema. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aban, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Aban, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Semke, Rosa Elena. Centro de Desarrollo Vitícola del Valle Calchaquí; ArgentinaFil: Rivadeneria, Josefina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Rivadeneira, Josefina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Talquenca, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; Argentin

Compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de diferentes genotipos de lechuga = Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different lettuce genotypes

La horticultura argentina es una actividad de relevancia como productora de alimentos indispensables en la dieta y motor de economías regionales. La lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) ocupa el cuarto lugar entre las principales hortalizas cultivadas en el país. Factores pre-cosecha, tales como el genotipo, las condiciones ambientales y el sistema productivo, afectan tanto la composición química como las propiedades biológicas de esta especie. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de diferentes genotipos de lechuga producidos en campo e invernadero. Se observaron diferencias significativas para el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales y la actividad antioxidante entre tipos de lechuga para cada sistema de producción y entre genotipos pertenecientes a un mismo tipo (p < 0,05). El análisis de correlación entre la actividad antioxidante in vitro y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, evidenció una relación significativa y positiva entre estas variables. Los datos obtenidos evidencian una marcada variabilidad entre los distintos genotipos, lo que podría contribuir a la selección de cultivares con mayores mejores propiedades funcionales. Es fundamental identificar los sistemas de producción óptimos.Argentina horticulture is a relevant activity since it produces essential vegetables for human consumption and promotes regional economies. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ranks fourth among the main vegetables grown in the country. Pre-harvest factors, such as genotype, environmental conditions and production system affect chemical composition and biological properties of lettuce. The aim of this work was to evaluate the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of lettuce genotypes produced in field and greenhouse cultivation systems. Significant differences were observed for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity among lettuce’s types for each production system and genotypes of the same type (p <0.05). A significant and positive correlation between in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was observed. The results showed a remarkable variability between genotypes that could contribute to the selection of cultivars with signficant functional properties. For this reason, it is essential to identify the optimal production systems.EEA La ConsultaFil: Gonzalez, Roxana Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Roxana Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Soto Vargas, Verónica Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Soto Vargas, Verónica Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentin

Partial molecular and biological characterization of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 isolates from Argentina

Grapevine leafroll is one of the most important viral disease affecting grapevines the world over. One of the viruses associated with this disease is Grapevine leafroll associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2), which has two remarkable properties: high genetic variability (up to date at least 6 different lineages have been reported) and the unique ability among leafroll-associated viral species to be transmitted by sap inoculation to herbaceous hosts, specifically to Nicotiana spp. The presence of this virus in Mendoza (Argentina), has previously been reported but no information is available relative to the genetic variability of GLRaV-2 isolates of and their biological behavior. The molecular characterization of the CP-p19-p24 genes of the local isolates disclosed that they belong to four of the six described GLRaV-2 lineages. Using at least one isolate of each lineage, mechanical transmission to herbaceous host of the Nicotiana genus were made. Results showed a differential behavior in some combinations isolate/Nicotiana spp. and an incompatible interaction between GLRaV-2 and two new experimental hosts, N. rustica and N. tabacum cv. Samsun and White Burley.Fil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Laboratorio de Fitovirología; ArgentinaFil: Moyano, Sabrina Noé. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Laboratorio de Fitovirología; ArgentinaFil: Lijavetzky, Diego. Instituto de Biología Agrícola Mendoza-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Grupo de Genética y Genómica de Vid; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Talquenca, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza. Laboratorio de Fitovirología; Argentin