¿La transmisión de la filosofía en forma histórica o problemática? ¿Estamos realmente ante un «cisma filosófico»?

[ES] El XXXIII Congreso Internacional de la SFI (Sociedad Filosófica Italiana) celebrado en Genova, ha marcado una etapa relevante sobre las orientaciones didácticas de la Filosofía en Italia. Las ponencias y discusiones que se desarrollaron durante el Congreso podrían tener también un cierto interés para la cultura española. Dada la compleja historia de la enseñanza de la Filosofía en Italia que ha visto en esta disciplina un papel importante dentro de la enseñanza Secundaria (9123, Reforma Gentile), los congresistas se encontraron de frente con el interrogante que pesa sobre el futuro de esta enseñanza. Las dificultades opuestas a la metodología historicista en auge hasta hace pocos años han llevado a la necesidad de repensar la transmisión de la filosofía en su forma histórica confrontándola con el método problemático-zetético.[EN] The XXXIII Congress International of the SFI (Philosophical Italian Societhy), celebrated in Genova, has supossed a relevant stage on the didactic orientations of the Philosophy in Italy. The papers and discussions developed during the Congress might have also a certain interest for the Spanish culture. In view of the complex history of the education of the Philosophy in Italy, which has seen how this discipline assumed an important role inside the secondary education (1923, Gentile's Reform), the members of the Congress could not avoid the query about its future. The objections that have been raised to the historicist methodology, in summit until a few years ago, have led to the need to rethink the transmission of the philosophy in its historical form, confronting it with the problematic method

Perspectiva mística desde la mirada sanjuanista

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1483-1546: Lutero et/aut Vitoria

The intent of our work, albeit in the limited space of a few pages, is to show how some essential categories of the thought of modernity have developed starting from the refutation of the interpretation given by Martin Luther with respect to some fundamental themes, such as the use of reason in the theological sphere, the value of the law, the nature of political power, the legitimacy of war, domination by Francisco de Vitoria and how this latter contributed decisively to the birth of modern thought.La intenci\uf3n de nuestro trabajo, aunque en el espacio limitado de unas pocas p\ue1ginas, es mostrar c\uf3mo algunas categor\uedas esenciales del pensamiento de la modernidad se desarrollaron con respecto a algunos temas fundamentales \u2014como el uso de la raz\uf3n en la esfera teol\uf3gica, el valor de la ley, la naturaleza del poder eclesi\ue1stico y pol\uedtico, la legitimidad de la guerra, el dominio\u2014, a partir de la refutaci\uf3n de la interpretaci\uf3n de Martin Lutero por parte de Francisco de Vitoria y c\uf3mo este \ufaltimo contribuy\uf3 decisivamente al nacimiento del pensamiento moderno

El comentario de Francisco de Vitoria a la 1ª quaestio de la "Summa Theologiae" de Tomás de Aquino

Del comentario de Francisco de Vitoria a la I quaestio de la I pars de la Summa theologiae de santo Tomás conservado en el ms. 2 del Archivo Histórico Dominicano de la Provincia de España (AHPE, 2) Luis G. Alonso Getino publicó en 1911 sólo y únicamente el primer artículo1. Se ha juzgado necesario, dada la importancia del argumento mantenido por Vitoria, proceder a una nueva e integral transcripción de esta Iquaestiocon la que se abre toda la Summa y que, como el mismo maestro dominico sugiere, «quasi tota est prologica

Andic soils and catastrophic mudflows in Italy: morphological and hydropedological evidences

In Italy rapid landslides are the most frequently occurring natural disasters and, after earthquakes, cause the highest number of victims. In this contribution we attempt to prove that there exist a tight connection between the presence of a specific soil type, namely andic soils, and the occurrence of the main catastrophic mudflows and debris flows occurred in Italy in the last decades. The study was performed by means of an integrated pedological and hydrological analysis on the detachment crowns of some of the most important catastrophic mudflows and debris flows occurred in Italy in the last decades and involving/evolving surface soils. The results at both regional (Campania) and National (Italy) scale clearly show that despite the large variability of the environmental settings of the studied sites there are indeed some striking homogeneous soil features in the detachment crowns including (i) soil morphology, (ii) andic features ranging from high to moderate, (iii) high water retention throughout a large range of pressure heads. Results seem to reveal clear cause-effect evidences between andic soils and the investigated catastrophic mudflows/debrisflows; this must be related to the unique physical properties of these soils inducing high landslide vulnerability

Insights into the role of reactive sulfhydryl groups of Carbonic Anhydrase III and VII during oxidative damage

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) III and VII are two cytosolic isoforms of the α-CA family which catalyze the physiological reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and proton. Despite these two enzymes share a 49% sequence identity and present a very similar three-dimensional structure, they show profound differences when comparing the specific activity for CO2 hydration reaction, with CA VII being much more active than CA III. Recently, CA III and CA VII have been proposed to play a new role as scavenger enzymes in cells where oxidative damage occurs. Here, we will examine functional and structural features of these two isoforms giving insights into their newly proposed protective role against oxidative stress

Expression of orexin B and its receptor 2 in rat testis

The peptides orexin A (OxA) and orexin B (OxB) deriving from a common precursor molecule, prepro-orexin, by proteolytic cleavage, bind the two G-coupled OX1 and OX2 receptors. While OX1 selectively binds OxA, OX2 shows similar affinity for both orexins. Firstly discovered in the hypothalamus, orexins and their receptors have been found in other brain regions as well as in peripheral tissues of mammals, thus resulting involved in the regulation of a broad variety of physiological functions. While the functional localization of OxA and OX1 in the mammalian genital tract has been already described, the expression of OxB and OX2 and their potential role in the reproductive functions remain to be explored. Here, we investigated the presence of OxB and OX2 in the rat testis by immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. The results definitely demonstrated the localization of OxB and OX2 in pachytene and second spermatocytes as well as in spermatids at all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The expression of both OX2 mRNA and protein in the rat testis was also established by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The analysis of the molecular mechanism of action of OxB in the rat testis showed that OxB, in contrast with OxA, is unable to promote steroidogenesis. These results translate into the regulation of diverse biological actions by OxA and OxB in the male gonad

From in silico to in vitro: A trip to reveal flavonoid binding on the Rattus norvegicus Kir6.1 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel

Background: ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir), are a potassium channel family involved in many physiological processes. KATPdysfunctions are observed in several diseases such as hypoglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, Prinzmetal angina-like symptoms, cardiovascular diseases. Methods: A broader view of the KATPmechanism is needed in order to operate on their regulation, and in this work we clarify the structure of the Rattus norvegicus ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 (Kir6.1), which has been obtained through a homology modelling procedure. Due to the medical use of flavonoids, a considerable increase in studies on their influence on human health has recently been observed, therefore our aim is to study, through computational methods, the three-dimensional (3D) conformation together with mechanism of action of Kir6.1 with three flavonoids. Results: Computational analysis by performing molecular dynamics (MD) and docking simulation on rat 3D modelled structure have been completed, in its closed and open conformation state and in complex with Quercetin, 5-Hydroxyflavone and Rutin flavonoids. Our study showed that only Quercetin and 5-Hydroxyflavone were responsible for a significant down-regulation of the Kir6.1 activity, stabilising it in a closed conformation. This hypothesis was supported by in vitro experiments demonstrating that Quercetin and 5-Hydroxyflavone were capable to inhibit KATPcurrents of rat tail main artery myocytes recorded by the patch-clamp technique. Conclusion: Combined methodological approaches, such as molecular modelling, docking and MD simulations of Kir6.1 channel, used to elucidate flavonoids intrinsic mechanism of action, are introduced, revealing a new potential druggable protein site