Architectural Historiography and Fourth Wave Feminism

Over the course of the last decade, women from all over the world and from different social and cultural backgrounds continued to strive for equal rights in the face of discrimination, sexism, and misogyny. Utilizing new tools and strategies for communication, this ‘fourth wave’ of feminist thinking and activism is characterized by its commitment to a ‘diversity of purpose’ that recognises intersectionality as a key issue of our time and questions established sex/gender systems and gender as a binary category. This Special Collection explores the impact of current feminist discourse on architectural historiography. It offers critical debate on the legacy of second and third wave feminism, and asks for the ongoing relevance of the concerns and methodologies. It also highlights the potential of new strategies for documenting and researching the work of women architects, investigating the possibilities of digital tools and networked knowledge. Moreover, the collection considers histories of feminist architectural writing in relation to non-canonical geographies and takes a broader view to include LGBTIQ+ perspectives on the built environment. It offers diverse explorations of these key issues and presents necessary reflections to widen feminist enquiries in architectural discourse

Costo por egreso del paciente con SIDA sala de medicina, Hospital Nicolás A. Solano año 1998.

El impacto de los casos del Síndrome de Inmuno Deficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) en las finanzas del Sector Salud, se ha hecho sentir de forma más severa en los países en vías de desarrollo. Panamá, al igual que el resto de las naciones, no escapa a esta realidad. A través de este estudio, descriptivo exploratorio, efectuado en la Sala de Medicina del Hospital General Nicolás A. Solano de La Chorrera; se determinó el Costo de tos Egresos por SIDA y algunas variables relacionadas a éstos, durante el año 1998. Se encontró que el Costo Total por los Egresos de los pacientes con SIDA ascendió a $22,921.50. Esto representó el 3.6$716.30; lo que superó en 42.3% al costo promedio por egreso en este servicio. El salario consumió el 50.9%; los medicamentos, el 42.1%, de los costos directos. El costo promedio en concepto de medicamento para tos casos de SIDA fue 2.9 veces mayor que el registrado en la Sala de Medicina. De los costos indirectos, la alimentación y los análisis de laboratorio representaron el 35.64% y el 21.8%, respectivamente. En ambos casos, éstos fueron mayores que los registrados en el Servicio de Medicina. Se encontró relación positiva entre los costos de los egresos y las siguientes variables: estancia hospitalaria (r.84; t=8.64); número de laboratorios (r673; t=4.98); número de exámenes radiológicos (r.749; t=8.19); números de interconsultas (r=.64; t=8.53) y números de medicamentos (r=.73; t=7.5). De este estudio se deduce que el costo por egreso de los pacientes con SIDA, en la Sala de Medicina del HGNAS es superior al costo promedio observado en este servicio y que éstos, a su vez, están relacionados con algunas características de los pacientes y los servicios recibidos

Power-Ups in Digital Games: The Rewarding Effect of Phantom Game Elementson Player Experience

Power-ups are a type of game reward that allow the player tocustomise their experience by altering gameplay for a shortperiod of time. Despite the wide use of power-ups in videogames, little is known about their effect on gaming experiences.To explore this, we conducted an experimental study that compares the experiences of players depending on their exposureto power-ups in a recreational video game. The results show that players who collected power-ups felt significantly more immersed in the game, experienced more autonomy, but didnot feel more competent or challenged than those who played the game without these collectables. Interestingly, a similareffect was observed for those players who picked up ‘placebo ’power-ups, despite the items having no effect on the gameplay. We provide a discussion of these results and their implications both for games user researchers and game designers

Certification with an NP Oracle

In the certification problem, the algorithm is given a function $f$ with certificate complexity $k$ and an input $x^\star$, and the goal is to find a certificate of size $\le \text{poly}(k)$ for $f$'s value at $x^\star$. This problem is in $\mathsf{NP}^{\mathsf{NP}}$, and assuming $\mathsf{P} \ne \mathsf{NP}$, is not in $\mathsf{P}$. Prior works, dating back to Valiant in 1984, have therefore sought to design efficient algorithms by imposing assumptions on $f$ such as monotonicity. Our first result is a $\mathsf{BPP}^{\mathsf{NP}}$ algorithm for the general problem. The key ingredient is a new notion of the balanced influence of variables, a natural variant of influence that corrects for the bias of the function. Balanced influences can be accurately estimated via uniform generation, and classic $\mathsf{BPP}^{\mathsf{NP}}$ algorithms are known for the latter task. We then consider certification with stricter instance-wise guarantees: for each $x^\star$, find a certificate whose size scales with that of the smallest certificate for $x^\star$. In sharp contrast with our first result, we show that this problem is $\mathsf{NP}^{\mathsf{NP}}$-hard even to approximate. We obtain an optimal inapproximability ratio, adding to a small handful of problems in the higher levels of the polynomial hierarchy for which optimal inapproximability is known. Our proof involves the novel use of bit-fixing dispersers for gap amplification.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures, ITCS 202

Sea ice algae as food source- High trophic dependency of important energy transmitters in the central Arctic Ocean

Polar ecosystems thrive significantly on carbon synthesized by sea ice-associated microalgae during long periods of the year. Continued alterations of the sea ice system might not only have dramatic consequences for the sympagic (ice-associated) ecosystem, but will also have a large impact on the pelagic food web due to the close connectivity between the sea ice and the pelagic system. Thus, it is crucial to identify to which extent ecologically important species in the Arctic Ocean trophically depend on ice algae-produced carbon versus carbon produced by pelagic phytoplankton

Origin of lipid biomarkers in mud volcanoes from the Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean

Mud volcanoes (MVs) are the most prominent indicators of active methane/hydrocarbon venting at the seafloor on both passive and active continental margins. Their occurrence in the western Mediterranean is patent at the West Alboran Basin, where numerous MVs develop overlaying a major sedimentary depocentre containing overpressured shales. Although some of these MVs have been studied, the detailed biogeochemistry of expelled mud so far has not been examined in detail. This work provides the first results on the composition and origin of organic matter, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) processes and general characteristics on MV dynamics using lipid biomarkers as the main tool. Lipid biomarker analysis was performed on MV expelled material (mud breccias) and interbedded hemipelagic sediments from Perejil, Kalinin and Schneider's Heart MVs located in the northwest margin of the Alboran Sea. The n alkane distributions and n alkane-derived indices (CPI and ACL), in combination with the epimerization degree of hopanes (22S/(22S+22R)) indicate that all studied mud breccia have a similar biomarker composition consisting of mainly thermally immature organic matter with an admixture of petroleum-derived compounds. This concordant composition indicates that common source strata must feed all three studied MVs. The past or present AOM activity was established using lipid biomarkers specific for anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (irregular isoprenoids and dialkyl glycerol diethers) and the depleted carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of crocetane/phytane. The presence of these lipid biomarkers, together with the low amounts of detected glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, is consistent with the dominance of anaerobic methanotrophs of the ANME-2 over ANME-1, at least in mud breccia from Perejil MVs. In contrast, the scarce presence or lack of these AOM-related lipid biomarkers in sediments from Kalinin and Schneider's Heart MVs, suggests that no recent active methane seepage has occurred at these sites. Moreover, the observed methane concentrations support the current activity of Perejil MV, and the very low methane seepage activity in Kalinin and Schneider's Heart MVs.This study was supported by Project CTM2009-07715, CGL2011-1441 and CGL2012-32659 (MINECO, Spain), by the VENI grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Royal Netherland Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ via ZKOprogramme) (Texel, The Netherlands). C. F. López-Rodríguez was funded by a JAE-PhD fellowship from the CSIC (Spain)

Ice Algae-Produced Carbon Is Critical for Overwintering of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (“krill”) constitute a fundamental food source for Antarctic seabirds and mammals, and a globally important fisheries resource. The future resilience of krill to climate change depends critically on the winter survival of young krill. To survive periods of extremely low production by pelagic algae during winter, krill are assumed to rely partly on carbon produced by ice algae. The true dependency on ice algae-produced carbon, however, is so far unquantified. This confounds predictions on the future resilience of krill stocks to sea ice decline. Fatty acid (FA) analysis, bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA), and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of diatom- and dinoflagellate-associated marker FAs were applied to quantify the dependency of overwintering larval, juvenile, and adult krill on ice algae-produced carbon (αIce) during winter 2013 in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence Zone. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the carbon uptake of the overwintering larval and juvenile krill originated from ice algae (up to 88% of the carbon budget), and that the dependency on ice algal carbon decreased with ontogeny, reaching <56% of the carbon budget in adults. Spatio-temporal variability in the utilization of ice algal carbon was more pronounced in larvae and juvenile krill than in adults. Differences between αIce estimates derived from short- vs. long-term FA-specific isotopic compositions suggested that ice algae-produced carbon gained importance as the winter progressed, and might become critical at the late winter-spring transition, before the phytoplankton bloom commences. Where the sea ice season shortens, reduced availability of ice algae might possibly not be compensated by surplus phytoplankton production during wintertime. Hence, sea ice decline could seriously endanger the winter survival of recruits, and subsequently overall biomass of krill