Data from: Characterization and distribution of mating-type genes of the turfgrass pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on a global scale

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett is a filamentous member of Ascomycota that causes dollar spot, the most economically important disease of turfgrass worldwide. We sequenced and characterized the mating-type (MAT) locus of four recently-collected contemporary strains causing dollar spot, four historical type strains used to describe the fungus, and three species of Rutstroemiaceae. Moreover, we developed a multiplex PCR assay to screen 1019 contemporary isolates for mating-type. The organization of the MAT loci of all strains examined could be classified into one of four categories: (1) putatively heterothallic, as exemplified by all contemporary strains and three of four historical type strains; (2) putatively heterothallic with a deleted putative gene in the MAT1-2 idiomorph, as detected in strains from two recently-collected populations in the United Kingdom that show more similarity to historical strains; (3) putatively homothallic with close physical linkage between MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1, as found in one historical type strain of S. homoeocarpa and two strains of Rutstroemia cuniculi; and (4) an unresolved but apparently homothallic organization in which strains contained both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 but linkage between these genes and between the two flanking genes could not be confirmed, as identified in R. paludosa and Poculum henningsianum. In contemporary S. homoeocarpa populations there was no significant difference in the frequency of the two mating types in clone-corrected samples when analyzed on regional and local scales, suggesting sex may be possible in this pathogen. However, two isolates from Italy and twenty from California were heterokaryotic for both complete heterothallic MAT idiomorphs. Results from this study contribute to knowledge about mating systems in filamentous fungi and enhance our understanding of the evolution and biology of an important plant pathogen

Data from: Characterization and distribution of mating-type genes of the turfgrass pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa on a global scale

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett is a filamentous member of Ascomycota that causes dollar spot, the most economically important disease of turfgrass worldwide. We sequenced and characterized the mating-type (MAT) locus of four recently-collected contemporary strains causing dollar spot, four historical type strains used to describe the fungus, and three species of Rutstroemiaceae. Moreover, we developed a multiplex PCR assay to screen 1019 contemporary isolates for mating-type. The organization of the MAT loci of all strains examined could be classified into one of four categories: (1) putatively heterothallic, as exemplified by all contemporary strains and three of four historical type strains; (2) putatively heterothallic with a deleted putative gene in the MAT1-2 idiomorph, as detected in strains from two recently-collected populations in the United Kingdom that show more similarity to historical strains; (3) putatively homothallic with close physical linkage between MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1, as found in one historical type strain of S. homoeocarpa and two strains of Rutstroemia cuniculi; and (4) an unresolved but apparently homothallic organization in which strains contained both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 but linkage between these genes and between the two flanking genes could not be confirmed, as identified in R. paludosa and Poculum henningsianum. In contemporary S. homoeocarpa populations there was no significant difference in the frequency of the two mating types in clone-corrected samples when analyzed on regional and local scales, suggesting sex may be possible in this pathogen. However, two isolates from Italy and twenty from California were heterokaryotic for both complete heterothallic MAT idiomorphs. Results from this study contribute to knowledge about mating systems in filamentous fungi and enhance our understanding of the evolution and biology of an important plant pathogen

Size and features of Ascomycota mating type loci

Cursory literature review of the size and features of Ascomycota mating type loc

Phylogeny of the mating type and flanking genes.

Sequences, alignments, and MetaPIGA run files used to infer the phylogenies of the mating type (MAT1-2-1, MAT1-2-4, MAT1-1-5, and MAT1-1-1) and flanking (APN2 and SLA2) genes

Sanger sequencing reads

Sanger reads used to sequence the mating type loci

Repeat features of the Sclerotinia homoeocarpa mating type locus

Short sequence segments used to analyze the inverted and direct repeat features bordering the mating type idiomorphs

Analysis of worldwide distribution of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa mating type genes

Analysis of clone-corrected ratios of mating type using binomial tests with simple continuity correctio

Analysis of duplicated MAT1-2-1 of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

Amino acid sequences, alignments, and MetaPIGA run parameters used to compare the truncated copy of MAT1-2-1 found outside the mating type locus of the MAT1-1 Sclerotinia homoeocarpa strain MB-0

Annotation of the Sclerotinia homoeocarpa mating type locus

RepeatModeler, RepeatMasker, and GeneMark commands; repeat library; and gene models output from GeneMark-ES v2.3c bet

Lietuvos teatro kritika tarpukariu : tarp nacionalinio teatro ir inovacijų

The paper discusses certain aspects of nationalist ideology which manifested in the criticism of interwar Lithuanian theatre and the reflection of national theatre promoted by aesthetic novelties which appeared in Lithuanian theatre in 1920–1940. Professional Lithuanian theatre emerged in the 1920s, although the concept of national theatre was still related to the ideological foundation of “Lithuanian evening” amateur performances. Obviously, this initial phase of Lithuanian theatre was idealised as an important means to preserve the national identity at the end of the 19th c. The development of the idea of theatre nationality particularly manifested after 1926, upon the start of authoritative government by Antanas Smetona. The texts of theatre critics of that period help to trace the most important elements of the concept of national theatre: fostering and dissemination of the national identity on the stage, integration of ethnic cultural heritage in a performance and a particularly reserved approach towards stage innovations (which are traditionally taken over from other cultural media). These views are revealed by the texts of Liudas Gira, Vincas Rastenis, Faustas Kirša and others who perceived theatre as the continuation of fight for national distinction. Nationalism of the theatre perception strategy has strengthened during the work of Andrius Oleka-Žilinskas and Michailas Čechovas in Kaunas. This innovative activity of the creators with the spirit of modern theatre was strictly criticised; critics’ evaluations were often based on a negative attitude towards the “foreign” descent of artists rather than aesthetic views