Larvae of Dactylopsaron dimorphicum (Perciformes: Percophidae) from oceanic islands in the southeast Pacific

Percophids are a family of small marine benthic fishes common over soft bottoms from inshore to the outer slopes in tropical to temperate regions of the Atlantic and in the Indo-West and southeast Pacific (Reader and Neira, 1998; Okiyama, 2000). Five species belonging to four genera have been recorded around the Salas y Gómez Ridge in the southeast Pacific, all of which are endemic to the area except for Chrionema chryseres, a species which also occurs off the Hawaiian Islands and Japan (Parin, 1985, 1990; Parin et al., 1997). Of these five species, larval stages have been described only for Osopsaron karlik and Chrionema pallidum (Belyanina 1989, 1990)

Adaptation of a flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to lignocellulosic inhibitors by cell recycle batch fermentation

The ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks is considered a promising strategy to increase global production of biofuels without impacting food supplies. However, some compounds released during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials are toxic for the microbial metabolism, causing low ethanol yield and productivity during the fermentation. As an attempt to overcome this problem, the present study evaluated the adaptation of a flocculent strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NRRL Y-265) to several inhibitory compounds usually found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (acetic acid, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and hydroxybenzoic acid), aiming to minimize their negative effects on yeast metabolism, maximizing the ethanol production as a consequence. Cell recycle batch fermentation (CRBF) was performed during 39 consecutive days, using five different fermentation media with sequential increase in the concentration of inhibitory compounds, simulating the composition of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. This strategy allowed obtaining a yeast strain with increased ethanol volumetric productivity and growth rate (10% and 70% respectively, over parent strain) able to produce ethanol with better results when cultivated in glucose-supplemented steam-exploded eucalyptus hydrolysate.This work was funded by CONICYT-MINERGIA, Chile (Programa Pasantias en Extranjero, Convocatoria 2010) and by Innova Chile Project 208-7320 Technological Consortium Bioenercel S.A

Global Phylogeography Suggests Extensive Eucosmopolitanism in Mesopelagic Fishes (Maurolicus: Sternoptychidae)

Fishes in the mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) have recently been highlighted for potential exploitation. Here we assess global phylogeography in Maurolicus, the Pearlsides, an ecologically important group. We obtained new sequences from mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS-2 from multiple locations worldwide, representing 10 described species plus an unknown central South Pacific taxon. Phylogenetic analyses identified five geographically distinct groupings, three of which comprise multiple described species. Species delimitation analyses suggest these may represent four species. Maurolicus muelleri and M. australis are potentially a single species, although as no shared haplotypes are found between the two disjunct groups, we suggest maintenance of these as two species. Maurolicus australis is a predominantly southern hemisphere species found in the Pacific, Indian and southern South Atlantic Oceans, comprising five previously allopatric species. M. muelleri (previously two species) is distributed in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Maurolicus weitzmani (previously two species) inhabits the eastern equatorial Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and western North and South Atlantic. Maurolicus mucronatus is restricted to the Red Sea. No Maurolicus have previously been reported in the central South Pacific but we have identified a distinct lineage from this region, which forms a sister group to Maurolicus from the Red Sea

Eficacia de la insuflación con dióxido de carbono en enteroscopia de un solo balón para determinar profundidad de intubación y dolor posprocedimiento en pacientes referidos para evaluación del intestino delgado

ResumenIntroducciónLa intubación profunda del intestino delgado es limitada por la distensión debido a la insuflación con aire durante el procedimiento. El dióxido de carbono (CO2) es rápidamente absorbido de la luz intestinal previniendo la distensión abdominal.ObjetivoComparar el efecto de la insuflación con CO2 y aire en la intubación profunda durante enteroscopia de un solo balón (ESB) y dolor posprocedimiento.DiseñoEstudio descriptivo de las series de casos y comparación de los resultados de sus variables, en un hospital terciario.Pacientes y métodosCiento cuarenta y siete ESB fueron realizadas en 130 pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad del intestino delgado usando insuflación con CO2 en 65 procedimientos y 82 con aire. Enteroscopio Olympus SIF 180-Q y bomba CO2 UCR Olympus fueron usados. Intubación profunda fue medida usando una escala validada. El dolor fue evaluado post-ESB y a las 12 h.ResultadosCiento cuarenta y siete ESB fueron realizadas en 130 pacientes con una media de intubación en el grupo CO2 significativamente mayor que en el grupo aire (p = 0.008). Noventa y cinco ESB anterógrada y 52 ESB retrógrada fueron realizadas con una media de intubación significativamente mayor en el grupo CO2 (p = 0.035 y p= 0.004, respectivamente). El dolor fue significativamente menor en el grupo CO.LimitacionesDiseño descriptivo de dos series de casos.ConclusiónInsuflación con CO2 mejora significativamente la profundidad de intubación en ESB y reduce el dolor abdominal.AbstractIntroductionThe intubation depth of the small bowel is limited by distention due to air insufflation during the procedure. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is rapidly absorbed from the bowel lumen and prevents distention of abdomen.ObjectiveA comparison was made between the effects of CO2 and air insufflations on the intubation depth during single balloon enteroscopy (SBE), as well as post-procedure pain.DesignDescriptive case series study and comparison of the results in a tertiary care hospital.Patients and methodsA total of 147 SBE procedures were performed on 130 patients with suspected small bowel disease using CO2 insufflation in 65 procedures, and air insufflation in 82. Enteroscopy was performed using an Olympus SIF 180-Q and a UCR CO2 pump. Intubation depth was recorded using a validated form, and pos-procedure pain immediately after SBE and 12 hours later were evaluated.ResultsA total of 147 SBE procedures were performed on 130 patients with a mean small bowel intubation depth in the CO2 group significantly larger than the air group (p=.008). An oral approach was used in 95 procedures, and anal in 52 procedureswith a mean intubation depth significantly larger in the CO2 group (p=.035 and p=.004, respectively). Patient pain was significantly reduced in the CO2 group.LimitationsDescriptive study of two case series.ConclusionCO2 insufflation significantly improves intubation depth in SBE and reduces abdominal pain

Paralichthys isosceles

This demersal species occurs from southern Brazil to Argentina and is taken in multi-species commercial´s fisheries that target demersal fishes through much of its range. It is a relatively minor component of the catch of Paralichthys species as compared to catch of the sympatric P. patagonicus. For purposes of this assessment, half of the global population is considered to occur in Brazil and the other half in Uruguay and Argentina. According to landings and catch per unit effort data, the demersal fish stocks of Brazil are inferred to have declined by at least 30% and possibly to 50%. Due to the lack of specific data for this species, an estimate for population decline is not available or cannot be suspected at this time. According to stock assessment and fisheries data, there is no decline detected in the demersal stock in Argentina and Uruguay and abundance indices show an increase in recent years (since 2014). Fishing effort continues at an unsustainable level in Brazil, the fishery is not well-monitored and conservation measures are insufficient. Conservation measures in Argentina and Uruguay include a total allowable catch limit and regular monitoring of stock status. Based on the potential major threat from overfishing in at least half of its global population, but lack of quantified data, it is listed as Data Deficient with a recommendation to improve fisheries monitoring, including the collection of species-specific data, as" "well as implement conservation measures to reduce effort in Brazilian fisheries.Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Patagonotothen ramsayi

This species has a relatively small range on the continental shelf and slope of the southern part of the Patagonia Sea where it plays an important ecological role as a prey item for larger marine species. The majority of its global population is concentrated in southern Argentina, including the Malvinas Islands, where the main fishing ground is located. One generation length is estimated as 10 years. It is relatively slow-growing and late to maturity with relatively low fecundity, which may cause it to be susceptible to declines when facing heavy fishing pressure. Previous to 2006, it was mostly discarded as bycatch in large quantities beginning in the 1980s. A large-scale, commercial fishery began in 2007 in the Malvinas area. In areas outside the Malvinas closer to the Argentine mainland, it is taken in fisheries in relatively small amounts. According to stock assessment models based on catch per unit effort data and fishery independent trawl surveys, the estimated biomass for the period of 2005 to 2018 was highest in 2005 and then declined by 79% to a low in 2018. According to the 2019 and 2020 survey results, biomass has continued to decline. Biomass trends prior to 2005 are poorly understood, but based on these data, it is suspected that its population has declined by 40-50% on a global-level over the past one and a half generation lengths, or 15 years. In addition, declines in length at maturity and average length of individuals in the survey catch have also occurred. The cause of decline is poorly understood, but may be attributed in part to fishing activity or a shift in the spatial distribution of its abundance to areas adjacent to the Malvinas. Several fishery management measures are in place, catches have been at a relatively low level and it is not considered overfished. Due to the uncertainty associated with the cause of decline and lack of data prior to 2005, it is not possible to estimate the population trend to cover a three generation length period (either in the past or into the future) at this time. It is listed as Data Deficient with a strong recommendation to conduct studies to improve the understanding of this decline both within the Malvinas area and areas adjacent to it.Fil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J. P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi