Pilot and feasibility studies : extending the conceptual framework

Acknowledgements Not applicable. Funding No specific funding was received for this work.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Population demography maintains biogeographic boundaries

Funding Information: This manuscript was the result of a working group funded by a Quebec Center for Biodiversity Science grant to JPL and KEM. We thank Ben Holt and the Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate for sharing their map of mammal biogeographic regions. We thank Laura Pollock, Isaac Eckert and Federico Riva for comments on the written document and discussion of the topic. We also thank Anna Hargreaves, Brian Leung, Jonathan Belmaker, Lilian Sales and Shahar Chaikin for additional discussions. We are also grateful to the authors whose work provided the raw data for this synthesis. KEM is supported by a NSERC Discovery Grant. GM and JPL were supported by the Concordia University Research Chair in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. GM is additionally supported by a Concordia Graduate Fellowship. CS and CJG were supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to CJG. CS was also supported by a U. Manitoba Graduate Fellowship, and a U. Manitoba Graduate Enhancement of Tri‐council funding grant to CJG. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Peer reviewedPostprin

Quantifying the differences in avian attack rates on reptiles between an infrastructure and a control site

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Professor Bob Furness for his comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, and the staff of Camster Wind Farm for their cooperation. Two anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved the text.Peer reviewedPostprin

Understanding symptom appraisal and help-seeking in people with symptoms suggestive of pancreatic cancer: a qualitative study

Objective: Pancreatic cancer has poor survival rates due to non-specific symptoms leading to later diagnosis. Understanding how patients interpret their symptoms could inform approaches to earlier diagnosis. This study sought to explore symptom appraisal and help-seeking among patients referred to secondary care for symptoms suggestive of pancreatic cancer. Design: Qualitative analysis of semistructured in-depth interviews. Data were analysed iteratively and thematically, informed by the Model of Pathways to Treatment. Participants and setting: Pancreatic cancer occurs rarely in younger adults, therefore patients aged ≥40 years were recruited from nine hospitals after being referred to hospital with symptoms suggestive of pancreatic cancer; all were participants in a cohort study. Interviews were conducted soon after referral, and where possible, before diagnosis. Results: Twenty-six interviews were conducted (cancer n=13 (pancreas n=9, other intra-abdominal n=4), non-cancer conditions n=13; age range 48–84 years; 14 women). Time from first symptoms to first presentation to healthcare ranged from 1 day to 270 days, median 21 days. We identified three main themes. Initial symptom appraisal usually began with intermittent, non-specific symptoms such as tiredness or appetite changes, attributed to diet and lifestyle, existing gastrointestinal conditions or side effects of medication. Responses to initial symptom appraisal included changes in meal type or frequency, or self-medication. Symptom changes such as alterations in appetite and enjoyment of food or weight loss usually prompted further appraisal. Triggers to seek help included a change or worsening of symptoms, particularly pain, which was often a ‘tipping point’. Help-seeking was often encouraged by others. We found no differences in symptom appraisal and help-seeking between people diagnosed with cancer and those with other conditions. Conclusions: Greater public and healthcare professional awareness of the combinations of subtle and intermittent symptoms, and their evolving nature, is needed to prompt timelier help-seeking and investigation among people with symptoms of pancreatic cancer

Exploring structural and electronic effects in three isomers of tris{bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}borane: Towards the combined electrochemical-frustrated Lewis pair activation of H2

Three structural isomers of tris{bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}borane have been studied as the acidic com- ponent of frustrated Lewis pairs. While the 3,5-substituted isomer is already known to heterolytically cleave H2 to generate a bridging-hydride; ortho-substituents in the 2,4- and 2,5-isomers quench such reactivity through electron donation into the vacant boron pz orbital and steric blocking of the boron centre; as shown by electrochemical, structural and computational studies. Electrochemical studies of the corresponding borohydrides identify that the two-electron oxidation of terminal-hydrides occurs at more positive potentials than observed for [HB(C6F5)3]−, while the bridging-hydride oxidizes at a higher poten- tial still, comparable to that of free H2

The evolution of plasticity at geographic range edges

Acknowledgments This article is the product of a working group funded by a grant from the Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences to J-P.L. and K.E.M. J-P.L. is funded by a Concordia University Research Chair and an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2015-06081). D.L. is supported by the Sustainability and Energy Research Initiative PhD grant. K.E.M. is supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2019-04239). C.J.G., A.L.A., and C.S. are funded by NSERC Discovery Grants. T.U. is supported by the UBC International Doctoral Fellowship.Peer reviewedPostprin

Spatial reasoning in early childhood

This document is about how children develop spatial reasoning in early childhood (birth to 7 years) and how practitioners working with young children can support this. Spatial reasoning is a vital and often overlooked aspect of mathematics. So this toolkit, which is informed by extensive review of research in this areas, will support practitioners to enhance children's early mathematical learning. For the full Spatial Reasoning toolkit: https://earlymaths.org/spatial-reasoning

Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors

The Relapse Prevention (RP) model has been a mainstay of addictions theory and treatment since its introduction three decades ago. This paper provides an overview and update of RP for addictive behaviors with a focus on developments over the last decade (2000-2010). Major treatment outcome studies and meta-analyses are summarized, as are selected empirical findings relevant to the tenets of the RP model. Notable advances in RP in the last decade include the introduction of a reformulated cognitive-behavioral model of relapse, the application of advanced statistical methods to model relapse in large randomized trials, and the development of mindfulness-based relapse prevention. We also review the emergent literature on genetic correlates of relapse following pharmacological and behavioral treatments. The continued influence of RP is evidenced by its integration in most cognitive-behavioral substance use interventions. However, the tendency to subsume RP within other treatment modalities has posed a barrier to systematic evaluation of the RP model. Overall, RP remains an influential cognitive-behavioral framework that can inform both theoretical and clinical approaches to understanding and facilitating behavior change