Alien Registration- Laliberte, J A. (Augusta, Kennebec County)

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Design, development and production of pressure suit spectacles Final report

Design and development of protective spectacle for Apollo pressure suit

Design, development and production of pressure suit spectacles Final report

Space suit spectacles with various attenuative and transmissive characteristics in ultraviolet, visible, and infrared region

Cadmium in cacao from Latin America and the Caribbean: A review of research and potential mitigation solutions

Cadmium is a heavy metal which accumulates in the body and affects our health. In order to control the amount we consume, the EU has set maximum permissible levels for different foods. A regulation specifying maximum levels of cadmium in cocoa and chocolate products came into force in January 2019 and similar regulations are being developed by other countries. In comparison to other cacao growing regions such as Africa and Asia-Pacific, some countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are particularly impacted by worrying levels of cadmium in cacao beans that are a concern for the manufacturers of high-cacao content products. In this context, there is a pressing need to identify solutions that reduce cadmium levels in cacao beans and provide mitigation solutions at key processing stages in the value chain. This review presents the status of research on sources of cadmium contamination in soils, soil properties that affect cadmium bioavailability, physiological mechanisms and varietal differences in cadmium uptake by the cacao tree and the consequence of post-harvest processes. It presents potential mitigation solutions applicable to cacao that have been investigated through trials or considered by the research community. The review also includes information on ongoing research projects to gain a better understanding of the direction of research and potential gaps to be filled. This work was coordinated by Bioversity International and the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) through the Latin American Cacao Initiative (ILAC). We thank all the institutions and individuals that provided information concerning research on cadmium and cacao and contributed to the review. We hope that this document is useful to understand the status of knowledge on this complex issue and guide future investments and collaboration to urgently provide solutions for stakeholders and particularly smallholder producers in LAC that are the most impacted. ✔ Spanish version available below: Related materia

Religious philanthropy and Chinese civil society

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Cadmio en el cacao de América Latina y el Caribe: Análisis de la investigación y soluciones potenciales para la mitigación

El cadmio es un metal pesado que se acumula en el cuerpo y afecta nuestra salud. Para controlar la cantidad que consumimos, la UE ha establecido los niveles máximos permitidos para diferentes alimentos. Un reglamento que especifica los niveles máximos de cadmio en los productos de cacao y chocolate entró en vigor en enero de 2019 y otros países están elaborando reglamentos similares. En comparación con otras regiones productoras de cacao como África y Asia-Pacífico, algunos países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) se ven particularmente afectados por los preocupantes niveles de cadmio en los granos de cacao que son una preocupación para los fabricantes de productos con alto contenido de cacao. En este contexto, existe una necesidad apremiante de identificar soluciones que reduzcan los niveles de cadmio en los granos de cacao y brinden soluciones de mitigación en etapas clave de procesamiento en la cadena de valor. Esta análisis presenta el estado de la investigación sobre las fuentes de contaminación de cadmio en los suelos, las propiedades del suelo que afectan la biodisponibilidad del cadmio, los mecanismos fisiológicos y las diferencias de variedades en la absorción de cadmio por parte del árbol de cacao y las consecuencias de los procesos posteriores a la cosecha. La análisis presenta posibles soluciones de mitigación aplicables al cacao que han sido investigadas a través de ensayos o consideradas por la comunidad de investigación. La análisis también incluye información sobre proyectos de investigación en curso para obtener una mejor comprensión de la dirección de la investigación y las posibles lagunas que deben cubrirse. Este trabajo fue coordinado por Bioversity International y el Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (CAF) a través de la Iniciativa Latinoamericana de Cacao (ILAC). Agradecemos a todas las instituciones y personas que proporcionaron información sobre la investigación sobre cadmio y cacao y contribuyeron a la análisis. Esperamos que este documento sea útil para comprender el estado del conocimiento sobre este tema complejo y guiar las inversiones futuras y la colaboración para brindar soluciones urgentes a las partes interesadas y en particular a los pequeños productores en ALC que son los más afectados. ✔ Versión en inglés disponible a continuación: Related materia

Review of the CFC/ICCO/Bioversity project on cacao germplasm evaluation (1998-2010)

The CFC/ICCO/Bioversity project was in response to an urgent need to revitalize cacao breeding and research globally for increasing resistance to pests and disease. It aimed to strengthen national cacao improvement programmes and increase international collaboration by carrying out joint evaluation, selection and breeding activities in ten cocoa-producing countries. The project implemented in two phases – Phase I (1998- 2004) and Phase II (2004-2010), has been one of the most ambitious collaborative efforts in cacao breeding. With an understanding that a similar global collaboration is needed to tackle the impacts of climate change on cacao production, this review was developed in response to a request from the cocoa industry and research partners to evaluate the effectiveness of the project, identify key lessons learned for the implementation of new multisite evaluation field trials focused on increasing the resilience of cacao to the effects of climate change. The cacao research community will be able to use these lessons learned to be better prepared for, and more effective in, the execution of future collaborative research initiatives

Fermi-surface transformation across the pseudogap critical point of the cuprate superconductor La1.6−x_{1.6-x}Nd0.4_{0.4}Srx_{x}CuO4_4

The electrical resistivity $\rho$ and Hall coefficient R$_H$ of the tetragonal single-layer cuprate Nd-LSCO were measured in magnetic fields up to $H = 37.5$ T, large enough to access the normal state at $T \to 0$, for closely spaced dopings $p$ across the pseudogap critical point at $p^\star = 0.235$. Below $p^\star$, both coefficients exhibit an upturn at low temperature, which gets more pronounced with decreasing $p$. Taken together, these upturns show that the normal-state carrier density $n$ at $T = 0$ drops upon entering the pseudogap phase. Quantitatively, it goes from $n = 1 + p$ at $p = 0.24$ to $n = p$ at $p = 0.20$. By contrast, the mobility does not change appreciably, as revealed by the magneto-resistance. The transition has a width in doping and some internal structure, whereby R$_H$ responds more slowly than $\rho$ to the opening of the pseudogap. We attribute this difference to a Fermi surface that supports both hole-like and electron-like carriers in the interval $0.2 < p < p^\star$, with compensating contributions to R$_H$. Our data are in excellent agreement with recent high-field data on YBCO and LSCO. The quantitative consistency across three different cuprates shows that a drop in carrier density from $1 + p$ to $p$ is a universal signature of the pseudogap transition at $T=0$. We discuss the implication of these findings for the nature of the pseudogap phase.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figure