Transcriptional changes in Teladorsagia circumcincta upon encountering host tissue of differing immune status

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to elucidate transcriptional changes in the parasitic nematodeTeladorsagia circumcinctaupon encountering either naïve or immune ovine hosts. Pools of 100 000 exsheathed 3rd- stageT. circumcinctalarvae were exposedin vitroto either an immune or naïve ovine abomasal environment, RNA was extracted from the larvae and sequenced using the Roche 454 platform. Each sample produced approximately 82 000 reads that assembled to give approximately 5500 Isotigs (contigs). The two sequence datasets were clustered together to give a total of 6969 clusters of which 18 were differentially expressed (P&lt;0·001) between the two groups. Clusters with a predominance of reads in larvae exposed to the immune abomasal environment encoded homologues of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase, heat shock-protein 16-2 and IDA-1, a tyrosine phosphatase-like receptor protein. Clusters with a predominance of reads in the naïve environment encoded homologues of cytochrome b, EGg Laying defective family member 21 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5. Gene ontology analyses indicated that larvae exposed to the immune environment showed an increase in expression of genes involved in ‘carbon utilization’, ‘response to stimulus’ and ‘developmental process’. These data suggest thatT. circumcinctamodulates gene expression in response to the immune status of the host.</jats:p

Genome Sequence of Lawsonia intracellularis Strain N343, Isolated from a Sow with Hemorrhagic Proliferative Enteropathy

Lawsonia intracellularis is the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathy (PE), causing mild or acute hemorrhagic diarrhea in infected animals. Here we report the genome sequence of strain N343, isolated from a sow that died of hemorrhagic PE. N343 contains 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 90 indels compared to the reference strain PHE/MN1-00

Proteomic analysis of Lawsonia intracellularis reveals expression of outer membrane proteins during infection

Lawsonia intracellularis is the aetiological agent of the commercially significant porcine disease, proliferative enteropathy. Current understanding of host–pathogen interaction is limited due to the fastidious microaerophilic obligate intracellular nature of the bacterium. In the present study, expression of bacterial proteins during infection was investigated using a mass spectrometry approach. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of two isolates of L. intracellularis from heavily-infected epithelial cell cultures and database mining using fully annotated L. intracellularis genome sequences identified 19 proteins. According to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) functional classification, proteins were identified with roles in cell metabolism, protein synthesis and oxidative stress protection; seven proteins with putative or unknown function were also identified. Detailed bioinformatic analyses of five uncharacterised proteins, which were expressed by both isolates, identified domains and motifs common to other outer membrane-associated proteins with important roles in pathogenesis including adherence and invasion. Analysis of recombinant proteins on Western blots using immune sera from L. intracellularis-infected pigs identified two proteins, LI0841 and LI0902 as antigenic. The detection of five outer membrane proteins expressed during infection, including two antigenic proteins, demonstrates the potential of this approach to interrogate L. intracellularis host–pathogen interactions and identify novel targets which may be exploited in disease control

Proteomic and genomic analysis reveals novel <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> outer membrane proteins and potential heterogeneity

AbstractGram-negative bacterial outer membrane proteins play important roles in the interaction of bacteria with their environment including nutrient acquisition, adhesion and invasion, and antibiotic resistance. In this study we identified 47 proteins within the Sarkosyl-insoluble fraction of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176, using LC–ESI-MS/MS. Comparative analysis of outer membrane protein sequences was visualised to reveal protein distribution within a panel of Campylobacter spp., identifying several C. jejuni-specific proteins. Smith–Waterman analyses of C. jejuni homologues revealed high sequence conservation amongst a number of hypothetical proteins, sequence heterogeneity of other proteins and several proteins which are absent in a proportion of strains

Data from: Genome sequencing and comparative analysis of three Chlamydia pecorum strains associated with different pathogenic outcomes

Background: Chlamydia pecorum is the causative agent of a number of acute diseases, but most often causes persistent, subclinical infection in ruminants, swine and birds. In this study, the genome sequences of three C. pecorum strains isolated from the faeces of a sheep with inapparent enteric infection (strain W73), from the synovial fluid of a sheep with polyarthritis (strain P787) and from a cervical swab taken from a cow with metritis (strain PV3056/3) were determined using Illumina/Solexa and Roche 454 genome sequencing. Results: Gene order and synteny was almost identical between C. pecorum strains and C. psittaci. Differences between C. pecorum and other chlamydiae occurred at a number of loci, including the plasticity zone, which contained a MAC/perforin domain protein, two copies of a >3400 amino acid putative cytotoxin gene and four (PV3056/3) or five (P787 and W73) genes encoding phospholipase D. Chlamydia pecorum contains an almost intact tryptophan biosynthesis operon encoding trpABCDFR and has the ability to sequester kynurenine from its host, however it lacks the genes folA, folKP and folB required for folate metabolism found in other chlamydiae. A total of 15 polymorphic membrane proteins were identified, belonging to six pmp families. Strains possess an intact type III secretion system composed of 18 structural genes and accessory proteins, however a number of putative inc effector proteins widely distributed in chlamydiae are absent from C. pecorum. Two genes encoding the hypothetical protein ORF663 and IncA contain variable numbers of repeat sequences that could be associated with persistence of infection. Conclusions: Genome sequencing of three C. pecorum strains, originating from animals with different disease manifestations, has identified differences in ORF663 and pseudogene content between strains and has identified genes and metabolic traits that may influence intracellular survival, pathogenicity and evasion of the host immune system

Genome sequence of the Chlamydophila abortus variant strain LLG

Chlamydophila abortus is a common cause of ruminant abortion. Here we report the genome sequence of strain LLG, which differs genotypically and phenotypically from the wild-type strain S26/3. Genome sequencing revealed differences between LLG and S26/3 to occur in pseudogene content, in transmembrane head/inc family proteins, and in biotin biosynthesis genes

PMP AT domain tree file

Phylogenetic tree of the autotransporter domain of polymorphic membrane proteins originating from Chlamydia species. Distances were calculated using a JTT+I+G substitution model and trees generated using PhyML. File is in Newick tree file format

PMP AT domain alignment

MUSCLE alignment of the autotransporter (AT) domain of polymorphic membrane proteins (PMP) originating from Chlamydia species. File is in nexus format

Chlamydial cytotoxins alignment

MUSCLE alignment of chlamydial cytotoxoin proteins. GBlocks v 0.91 was used to eliminate regions that could not be unambiguously aligned resulting in an alignment of 2845 amino acids (75% of the original 3766 positions). File is in nexus format