Ulkomaisen työntekijän perehdytyssuunnitelma kaupan alalle

Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantaja on Osuuskauppa PeeÄssä. Työn tarkoituksena on kehittää ulkomaisen työntekijän perehdytyssuunnitelma kaupan-alalle jo olemassa olevan materiaalin tueksi. Tavoitteena on parantaa PeeÄssän toimipaikkojen perehdytysohjelmaa ulkomaista työvoimaa palkattaessa ja tämän avulla turvata asiakaspalvelun laatu ja kehittyminen tulevaisuudessa. Perehdytyssuunnitelman sisällön ja rakenteen luomiseksi tutustuttiin S-ryhmän olemassa olevaan perehdytysmateriaaliin, sekä aiheeseen liittyvään kirjallisuuteen. Näiden tietojen pohjalta laadittiin teemahaastattelujen kysymykset haastatteluihin. Haastatteluissa tutkittiin työnantajien, työntekijöiden, sekä mahdollisten työnhakijoiden ajatuksia siitä, olisiko ulkomaisen työntekijän perehdytyssuunnitelmalle tarvetta ja mitä sen mahdollisesti tulisi sisältää, jotta kokonaisuudesta tulisi kattava ja kaikkia osapuolia tyydyttävä. Tutkimustulokset analysoidaan ja tulosten pohjalta käsitellään perehdyttämiseen liittyviä ongelmakohtia ja niiden syntyä. Perehdyttämisen sisältöä ja merkitystä tarkastellaan, sekä ulkomaisen työntekijän mahdollisiin kulttuurieroista johtuviin ongelmiin etsitään syitä ja niiden kautta pyritään löytämään ratkaisuja. Ratkaisuja selvitetään kulttuurisesta näkökulmasta, koska tutkimustulosten mukaan kulttuurierot ovat suurin ongelman aiheuttaja. Opinnäytetyön lopullinen tulos toimeksiantajalle on Osuuskauppa PeeÄssän käyttöön suunniteltu ulkomaisen työntekijän perehdytyssuunnitelma kaupan-alalle, sekä ja kaupan-alan sanastoa englanniksi. Perehdytyssuunnitelman avulla PeeÄssän toimipaikoissa pystytään perehdyttämään ulkomaisia työntekijöitä johdonmukaisesti siten, että jokaisella ulkomaalaistaustaisella työntekijällä on mahdollisuus saada tasalaatuista perehdytystä omaan työtehtävään ja työympäristöön.The purpose of this thesis project is to create and develop an orientation plan for foreign employees in the retail industry. The orientation plan compiled in this thesis process supports the commissioner’s existing orientation plan currently in use. The commissioner of this research is Osuuskauppa PeeÄssä which is the largest operator in the retail industry in Finland. The main objective is to improve the commissioner’s different offices’ orientation plan when recruiting foreign employees and also to ensure the future of the offices’ customer service. The thesis project is based on the commissioner’s existing orientation plan and professional literature dealing with this subject. After examining this research information the questions were designed. Theme interviews were held to find out employers’, employees’ and possible job applicants’ views about foreign employees’ induction and if there is need for an orientation plan for foreign employees in retail industry to facilitate mutual satisfaction. The results of the study were analyzed and problems related to orientation were processed based on these results. The thesis also focuses on orientation and the segments of a well accomplished orientation process. Furthermore, an attempt is made to explore possible problems linked with cultural differences and also provide solution suggestions. Because cultural differences between countries are the biggest cause of problems according to the study, solutions presented in this thesis are approached from a cultural perspective. The final outcome of the thesis for the client is a finalized orientation plan for foreign employees in the retail industry and a glossary compiled during the process. With this orientation plan, the client’s different offices can offer a uniform orientation process to their employees from other cultures or countries

Responsive and Personalized Web Layouts with Integer Programming

Over the past decade, responsive web design (RWD) has become the de facto standard for adapting web pages to a wide range of devices used for browsing. While RWD has improved the usability of web pages, it is not without drawbacks and limitations: designers and developers must manually design the web layouts for multiple screen sizes and implement associated adaptation rules, and its "one responsive design fits all"approach lacks support for personalization. This paper presents a novel approach for automated generation of responsive and personalized web layouts. Given an existing web page design and preferences related to design objectives, our integer programming -based optimizer generates a consistent set of web designs. Where relevant data is available, these can be further automatically personalized for the user and browsing device. The paper includes presentation of techniques for runtime adaptation of the designs generated into a fully responsive grid layout for web browsing. Results from our ratings-based online studies with end users (N = 86) and designers (N = 64) show that the proposed approach can automatically create high-quality responsive web layouts for a variety of real-world websites.Peer reviewe

Orchestrating sustainable urban development: Final report of the SASUI project

Transition towards a low-carbon society needs the development of innovations, such as solutions of low-carbon everyday mobility or new techniques of collaborative urban densification. Partnerships as social innovations are pivotal in enabling these developments. Cities may take several roles in partnership arrangements. The roles can be anything from being project partners in experiments that are closely related to the jurisdiction of the local authorities to orchestrating whole innovation ecosystems. This report summarizes the findings of the two-year project that aim to serve both as useful theoretical insights and as practical solutions to the described overall challenge and to the problems of the particular cases. We have used the term ‘architecture’ in connection to successful innovation processes, and asked what social, operational and informational architectural prerequisites are needed for successful sustainable urban development. We have developed the conceptual framework further during the project to better acknowledge that there is a clear difference between cities and private sector actors as facilitators of innovation. Whereas the companies operate on the markets and may be interested in long-lasting growth coalitions with the cities, the cities are always accountable also to the people. The partnership arrangements are not of the type public-private but public-private-people. Besides the theoretical development, we have been observers and participants of urban development in our case study areas. We have three main case studies: two from Finland, one from Sweden. The intention has not been to study them in a strict comparative framework, although the cases do offer themselves for some comparisons. It is rather that insights in one case have made us look at the other cases in new ways. Many undertakings of the projects can actually be labelled action research, meaning that we have also been active (co-)producers of interventions with the purpose to make a difference, and have reflected on how the action has taken effect in the case study areas. In this report, we will first outline a general model of the urban governance system as a learning system. While doing so, we will also introduce a number of key theoretical concepts of our study. Then, in the chapters that follow, we will use this theoretical basis in our three case studies: the Otaniemi OK process, the Tammela urban infill case and the Malmö case. Finally, based on our theoretical work and case observations, we will offer some policy recommendations for the development of systemic architectures for sustainable urban innovation in the context of Finnish urban governance. Sustainability is a challenge that addresses the whole governance culture. Especially, it calls for transcending the dysfunctional and legitimacy-eroding effects of poorly managed institutional ambiguity with the idea of hybrid governance that, while nurturing innovativeness and partnerships towards sustainability, is sensitive to its own sources of legitimacy and trust

Three week versus six week immobilisation for stable Weber B type ankle fractures : randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority clinical trial

OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment of isolated stable Weber B type ankle fractures with a cast or a simple orthotic device for three weeks produces non-inferior outcomes compared with conventional immobilisation in a cast for six weeks. DESIGN Randomised, pragmatic, non-inferiority, clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. SETTING Two major trauma centres in Finland, 22 December 2012 to 6 June 2016. PARTICIPANTS 247 skeletally mature patients aged 16 years or older with an isolated Weber B type fibula fracture and congruent ankle mortise in static ankle radiographs. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly allocated to conventional six week cast immobilisation (n=84) or three week treatment either in a cast (n=83) or in a simple orthosis (n=80). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary, non-inferiority, intention-to-treat outcome was the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score at 12 months (OMAS; range 0-100; higher scores indicate better outcomes and fewer symptoms). The predefined non-inferiority margin for the primary outcome was -8.8 points. Secondary outcomes were ankle function, pain, quality of life, ankle motion, and radiographic outcome. Follow-up assessments were performed at 6, 12, and 52 weeks. RESULTS 212 of 247 randomised participants (86%) completed the study. At 52 weeks, the mean OMAS was 87.6 (SD 18.3) in the six week cast group, 91.7 (SD 12.9) in the three week cast group, and 89.8 (SD 18.4) in the three week orthosis group. The between group difference at 52 weeks for the three week cast versus six week cast was 3.6 points (95% confidence interval -1.9 to 9.1, P=0.20), and for the three week orthosis versus six week cast was 1.7 points (-4.0 to 7.3, P=0.56). In both comparisons, the confidence intervals did not include the predefined inferiority margin of -8.8 points. The only statistically significant between group differences observed in the secondary outcomes and harms in the two primary comparisons were slight improvement in ankle plantar flexion and incidence of deep vein thrombosis, both in the three week orthosis group versus six week cast group. CONCLUSION Immobilisation for three weeks with a cast or orthosis was non-inferior to conventional cast immobilisation for six weeks in the treatment of an isolated stable Weber B type fracture.Peer reviewe

Three week versus six week immobilisation for stable Weber B type ankle fractures : randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority clinical trial

OBJECTIVE To determine whether treatment of isolated stable Weber B type ankle fractures with a cast or a simple orthotic device for three weeks produces non-inferior outcomes compared with conventional immobilisation in a cast for six weeks. DESIGN Randomised, pragmatic, non-inferiority, clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. SETTING Two major trauma centres in Finland, 22 December 2012 to 6 June 2016. PARTICIPANTS 247 skeletally mature patients aged 16 years or older with an isolated Weber B type fibula fracture and congruent ankle mortise in static ankle radiographs. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly allocated to conventional six week cast immobilisation (n=84) or three week treatment either in a cast (n=83) or in a simple orthosis (n=80). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary, non-inferiority, intention-to-treat outcome was the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score at 12 months (OMAS; range 0-100; higher scores indicate better outcomes and fewer symptoms). The predefined non-inferiority margin for the primary outcome was -8.8 points. Secondary outcomes were ankle function, pain, quality of life, ankle motion, and radiographic outcome. Follow-up assessments were performed at 6, 12, and 52 weeks. RESULTS 212 of 247 randomised participants (86%) completed the study. At 52 weeks, the mean OMAS was 87.6 (SD 18.3) in the six week cast group, 91.7 (SD 12.9) in the three week cast group, and 89.8 (SD 18.4) in the three week orthosis group. The between group difference at 52 weeks for the three week cast versus six week cast was 3.6 points (95% confidence interval -1.9 to 9.1, P=0.20), and for the three week orthosis versus six week cast was 1.7 points (-4.0 to 7.3, P=0.56). In both comparisons, the confidence intervals did not include the predefined inferiority margin of -8.8 points. The only statistically significant between group differences observed in the secondary outcomes and harms in the two primary comparisons were slight improvement in ankle plantar flexion and incidence of deep vein thrombosis, both in the three week orthosis group versus six week cast group. CONCLUSION Immobilisation for three weeks with a cast or orthosis was non-inferior to conventional cast immobilisation for six weeks in the treatment of an isolated stable Weber B type fracture.Peer reviewe

Vertical Distribution of Arctic Methane in 2009–2018 Using Ground-Based Remote Sensing

We analyzed the vertical distribution of atmospheric methane (CH4) retrieved from measurements by ground-based Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) instrument in Sodankyla, Northern Finland. The retrieved dataset covers 2009-2018. We used a dimension reduction retrieval method to extract the profile information, since each measurement contains around three pieces of information about the profile shape between 0 and 40 km. We compared the retrieved profiles against Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) satellite measurements and AirCore balloon-borne profile measurements. Additional comparison at the lowest tropospheric layer was done against in-situ measurements from a 50-m-high mast. In general, the ground-based FTS and ACE-FTS profiles agreed within 10% below 20 km and within 30% in the stratosphere between 20 and 40 km. Our method was able to accurately capture reduced methane concentrations inside the polar vortex in the Arctic stratosphere. The method produced similar trend characteristics as the reference instruments even when a static prior profile was used. Finally, we analyzed the time series of the CH4 profile datasets and estimated the trend using the dynamic linear model (DLM)

Macroscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla influences bile duct cannulation : a prospective multicenter study by the Scandinavian Association for Digestive Endoscopy Study Group for ERCP

Background and Aims: Certain appearances of the major duodenal papilla have been claimed to make cannulation more difficult during ERCP. This study uses a validated classification of the endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla to determine if certain types of papilla predispose to difficult cannulation. Methods: Patients with a naive papilla scheduled for ERCP were included. The papilla was classified into 1 of 4 papilla types before cannulation started. Time to successful bile duct cannulation, attempts, and number of pancreatic duct passages were recorded. Difficult cannulation was defined as after 5 minutes, 5 attempts, or 2 pancreatic guidewire passages. Results: A total of 1401 patients were included from 9 different centers in the Nordic countries. The overall frequency of difficult cannulation was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-44%). Type 2 small papilla (52%; 95% CI, 45%-59%) and type 3 protruding or pendulous papilla (48%; 95% CI, 42%-53%) were more frequently difficult to cannulate compared with type 1 regular papilla (36%; 95% CI, 33%-40%; both P <.001). If an inexperienced endoscopist started cannulation, the frequency of failed cannulation increased from 1.9% to 6.3% (P <.0001), even though they were replaced by a senior endoscopist after 5 minutes. Conclusions: The endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla influences bile duct cannulation. Small type 2 and protruding or pendulous type 3 papillae are more frequently difficult to cannulate. In addition, cannulation might even fail more frequently if a beginner starts cannulation. These findings should be taken into consideration when performing studies regarding bile duct cannulation and in training future generations of endoscopists.Peer reviewe

Population-Based Assessment of Contact Tracing Operations for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Finland

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic overwhelmed local contact tracing (CT) efforts in many countries. In Finland, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 incidence and mortality were among the lowest in Europe during 2020-2021. We evaluated CT efficiency, effectiveness, and transmission settings. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test-positive COVID-19 cases and high-risk contacts in the population-based CT database of Pirkanmaa Hospital District (population 540 000) during June 2020-May 2021 were interviewed. Results: Altogether 353 926 PCR tests yielded 4739 (1.3%) confirmed cases (average 14-day case notification rate, 34 per 100 000 population); about 99% of confirmed cases and high-risk contacts were reached by a CT team. Of 26 881 high-risk contacts who were placed in quarantine, 2275 subsequently tested positive (48% of new cases), 825 (17%) had been in quarantine ≥48 hours before symptoms, and 3469 (77%) of locally acquired cases were part of transmission chains with an identified setting. The highest secondary attack rates were seen in households (31%), healthcare patients (18%), and private functions (10%). Among the 311 hospitalized patients, COVID-19 diagnosis or exposure was known in 273 (88%) before emergency room admission (identified patients). Healthcare workers had the highest proportion of work-related infections (159 cases [35%]). The source of infection was classifiable in 65% and was most commonly a coworker (64 cases [62%]). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the role of effective testing and CT implementation during the cluster phase of COVID-19 spread. Although half of newly diagnosed cases were already in quarantine, targeted public health measures were needed to control transmission. CT effectiveness during widespread community transmission should be assessed.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Cohort profile : a nationwide population-based retrospective assessment of oesophageal cancer in the Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort (FINEGO)

Purpose The Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort (FINEGO) was established to combine the available registry data with detailed patient information to form a comprehensive, retrospective, population-based research platform of surgically treated oesophageal and gastric cancer in Finland. This cohort profile describes the 2045 surgically treated patients with oesophageal cancer included in the FINEGO cohort. Participants Registry data were collected from the National Cancer, Patient, Education and Death Registries from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2016. All patients over 18 years of age, who had either curative surgery, palliative surgery or salvage surgery for primary cancer in the oesophagus are included in this study. Findings to date 2045 patients had surgery for oesophageal cancer in the selected time period. 67.2% were man, and the majority had only minor comorbidities. The proportions of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were 43.1% and 44.4%, respectively, and 12.5% had other or missing histology. Only about 23% of patients received neoadjuvant therapy. Oesophagectomy was the treatment of choice and most patients were treated at low-volume centres, but median annual hospital volume increased over time. Median overall survival was 23 months, 5-year survival for all patients in the cohort was 32.9% and cancer-specific survival was 36.5%. Future plans Even though Finland only has a population of 5.5 million, surgery for oesophageal carcinoma has not been centralised and therefore previously reported results have mostly been small, single-centre cohorts. Because of FINEGO, we now have a population-based, unselected cohort of surgically treated patients, enabling research on national trends over time regarding oesophageal cancer, including patient characteristics, tumour histology, stage and neoadjuvant treatment, surgical techniques, hospital volumes and patient mortality. Data collection is ongoing, and the cohort will be expanded to include more detailed data from patient records and national biobanks.Peer reviewe

Long-Term Survival After Transhiatal Versus Transthoracic Esophagectomy : A Population-Based Nationwide Study in Finland

Background No population-based studies comparing long-term survival after transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) and transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE) exist. This study aimed to compare the 5-year survival of esophageal cancer patients undergoing THE or TTE in a population-based nationwide setting. Methods This study included all curatively intended THE and TTE for esophageal cancer in Finland during 1987-2016, with follow-up evaluation until 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazard models provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 5-year and 90-day mortality. The results were adjusted for age, sex, year of operation, comorbidities, histology, neoadjuvant treatment, and pathologic stage. Results A total of 1338 patients underwent THE (n = 323) or TTE (n = 1015). The observed 5-year survival rate was 39.3% after THE and 45.0% after TTE (p = 0.072). In adjusted model 1, THE was not associated with greater 5-year mortality (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.82-1.20) than TTE. In adjusted model 2, including T stage instead of pathologic stage, the 5-year mortality hazard rates after THE (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72-1.05) and TTE were comparable. The 90-day mortality rate for THE was higher than for TTE (adjusted HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.45-1.14). In subgroup analyses, no differences between THE and TTE were observed in Siewert II gastroesophageal junction cancers, esophageal cancers, or pN0 tumors, nor in the comparison of THE and TTE with two-field lymphadenectomy. The sensitivity analysis, including patients with missing patient records, who underwent surgery during 1996-2016 mirrored the main analysis. Conclusions This Finnish population-based nationwide study suggests no difference in 5-year or 90-day mortality after THE and TTE for esophageal cancer.Peer reviewe