Skannaava laser-indusoitu plasmaspektrometri kaivoskäyttöön

A prototype stand-off scanning laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) device for mine wall imaging is designed, built and tested in practice. The hardware and software design of the prototype device and a brief analysis of first experimental results are presented. Introduction part reviews the theory and current applications of LIBS. The design choices are laid out in detail and evaluated in their advantages in disadvantages. The end result is a highly automated scanning measurement device, which is also tested in practical tests. The primary experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of a standoff scanning LIBS device in harsh mine conditions and great potential value in the elemental heatmaps acquired with the device.Työ esittelee kaivosseinämien kuvantamiseen tarkoitetun skannaavan laser-indusoitua plasmaspektroskopiaa hyödyntävän prototyyppilaitteen. Prototyyppilaitteen laitteiston ja ohjelmiston suunnittelussa ja toteutuksessa mahdolliset vaihtoehdot ja tehdyt valinnat käydään läpi ja ensimmäiset laitteella saavutetut kokeelliset tulokset esitellään. Lopputuloksena on pitkälle automatisoitu skannaava mittalaitteisto, jonka toimivuus osoitetaan käytännön testauksella. Kokeellisina päätuloksina ovat todistus skannaavan laserspektroskopialaitteen toimivuudesta kaivoksen vaikeissa olosuhteissa sekä laitteella tuotettujen alkuainekarttojen arvon osoitus.This Master's thesis is licensed under CC-BY 4.0. Dataset published in Zenodo

Anatomical and functional response after conversion to aflibercept using the treat-and-extend regimen protocol in bevacizumab treatment-resistant wet age-related macular degeneration

Objective: To evaluate the functional and anatomical response after the switch from bevacizumab to aflibercept in treatment-resistant wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) using the treat-and-extend regimen protocol. Design: A retrospective single-center study. Participants: The registry consisted of 576 patients with wAMD. Of these, a total of 41 eyes of 37 patients met the study inclusion criteria with a minimum of three prior bevacizumab injections and at least 1-year follow-up after the switch to aflibercept injections for the treatment of wAMD. Methods: Central retinal thickness (CRT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were recorded before and after bevacizumab loading phase, before the switch to aflibercept, after aflibercept loading phase, and after the last injection or at the study end point at a minimum of 1 year from the switch. Results: At the switch to aflibercept injections, the mean CRT was 361.1 +/- 117.7 mu m (mean +/- SD) and BCVA was 0.29 +/- 0.19 decimals. The switch to aflibercept resulted in mean CRT resolution by 59.9 +/- 80.2 mu m after the loading phase and by 61.3 +/- 102.9 mu m at the study end point. Anatomical response to aflibercept switch was found in 34 of 41 eyes (83%) after the loading phase, and in 32 of 41 eyes (78%)at the study end point. BCVA improvement was 0.08 +/- 0.13 decimals in 26 of 41 eyes (63%) after the loading phase, and 0.04 +/- 0.17 decimals in 17 of 41 eyes (41%) at the study end point. The mean treatment interval of aflibercept was 8.0 +/- 2.2 weeks at the study end point. Conclusion: Regardless of impressive anatomical outcomes of aflibercept switch, functional response was modest for most of the study eyes at long term.Peer reviewe

Intraocular Lens Power, Myopia, and the Risk of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy after 15,375 Cataract Surgeries

The present study estimated the 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy according to the diopter power of implanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Data were retrospectively collected of 15,375 eyes having cataract surgery and in-the-bag implantation of hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOLs at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland between the years 2007 and 2016. The cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy was calculated by Kaplan–Meier estimates, and potential risk factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy after cataract surgery was 27.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 22.9–32.6%) for low-diopter (5–16.5 D) IOLs, 14.6% (13.8–15.5%) for mid-diopter (17–24.5 D) IOLs, and 13.6% (11.7–15.6%) for high-diopter (25–30 D) IOLs. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low-diopter IOLs (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.38–2.25; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy compared to mid-diopter IOLs over the follow-up period after accounting for other predictors. Real-world evidence shows that low-diopter IOLs are associated with significantly higher risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy within five years following implantation. Estimation should help in evaluating the risks of cataract surgery in myopic eyes

Intraocular Lens Power, Myopia, and the Risk of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy after 15,375 Cataract Surgeries

The present study estimated the 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy according to the diopter power of implanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Data were retrospectively collected of 15,375 eyes having cataract surgery and in-the-bag implantation of hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOLs at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland between the years 2007 and 2016. The cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy was calculated by Kaplan–Meier estimates, and potential risk factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy after cataract surgery was 27.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 22.9–32.6%) for low-diopter (5–16.5 D) IOLs, 14.6% (13.8–15.5%) for mid-diopter (17–24.5 D) IOLs, and 13.6% (11.7–15.6%) for high-diopter (25–30 D) IOLs. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low-diopter IOLs (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.38–2.25; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy compared to mid-diopter IOLs over the follow-up period after accounting for other predictors. Real-world evidence shows that low-diopter IOLs are associated with significantly higher risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy within five years following implantation. Estimation should help in evaluating the risks of cataract surgery in myopic eyes

Poor glycemic control as a risk factor for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema in patients with diabetes

Purpose: To specify the risk factors for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients with diabetes. Setting: Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Unit of Ophthalmology, Kotka, Finland. Design: Prospective case series. Methods: Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes having routine cataract surgery were evaluated. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging was performed before surgery and 1 month postoperatively. Results: The study comprised 93 patients (95 eyes). The central retinal thickness increase was 9.7 mu m 1.7 (SEM) in diabetic patients with no retinopathy, 22.7 +/- 8.6 mu m in those who had nonproliferative retinopathy, and 73.8 +/- 37.4 mu m in those who had proliferative retinopathy (P Conclusions: Young patient age and poor glycemic control were risk factors for postoperative central retinal thickness increase. This study showed it is necessary to identify, effectively treat, and followup with patients with diabetes who are at a greater risk for pseudophakic CME. (C) 2017 ASCRS and ESCRSPeer reviewe

A home with different religious beliefs

This booklet has been compiled to support families with parents representing different religious beliefs. The brochure discusses what kinds of issues such families should address, for example, before the couple has any children together, so that the coexistence of different world views and religions could really be seen as richness of life. At best, a family with two differing belief systems functions as a esource for children’s growth, development and learning, and children experience their family culture as acceptable and valuable.Non peer reviewe

Association of Blue Light-Filtering Intraocular Lenses With All-Cause and Traffic Accident-Related Injuries Among Patients Undergoing Bilateral Cataract Surgery in Finland

IMPORTANCE Blue light-filtering (BLF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) have been widely used in clinical practice for more than 20 years and have been implanted in millions of patients with cataracts worldwide. However, little evidence on the association of BLF IOLs with injuries is available. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of BLF IOLs with all-cause and traffic accident-related injuries and quality of vision while driving after bilateral cataract surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective registry-based cohort study included patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery between September 3, 2007, and December 14, 2018, and were followed until December 14, 2021. Surgery was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland. The 4986 participants received non-BLF IOLs (n = 2609) or BLFIOLs (n = 2377) in both eyes. Patients undergoing bilateral surgery between 2015 to 2016 with non-BLFIOLs (n = 102) or BLF IOLs (n = 91) and currently driving a car were interviewed using a structured questionnaire for visual performance while driving. EXPOSURES Follow-up for a mean (SD) of 2166 (1110) days after second eye surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for the risk of all-cause and traffic accident-related injuries after surgery in the second eye obtained from the patient medical records were assessed. To improve follow-up precision, both death and the end of the follow-up were used as censoringevents. RESULTS A total of 4986 patients were included in the analysis (1707 [34.2%] men and 3279 [65.8%] women; mean [SD] age, 73.2 [8.6] years at the first surgery and 74.3 [8.8] years at the second). Injury-free survival rates preceding the first eye surgery were comparable between the non-BLF and BLF IOL groups (hazard ratio adjusted for age and sex, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.81-1.13; P = .57]). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis controlling for age and sex, the use of BLFIOLs showed no advantage in overall injuries compared with the use of non-BLF IOLs (hazard ratio, 0.99 [95% CI. 0.88-1.11]; P = .85) or in any injury subtype. Subjective visual performance parameters for driving were all comparable between the non-BLF and BLF IOL groups except for glare when driving in the dark (evening or night), which occurred among 9 of 80 patients with BLF IOLs compared with 0 of 83 non-BLF IOLs (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that use of BLF IOLs was not associated with reduced risk of injuries, whereas glare during nighttime driving was significantly worse in the BLF IOL group with pseudophakia.Peer reviewe

ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in Acute Puumala Hantavirus Infection

Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. We aimed to evaluate whether ABO and rhesus blood groups associate with the susceptibility or the severity of PUUV infection. We analyzed blood groups in 289 adult patients treated in Tampere University hospital due to PUUV infection during the years 1982–2017. Patients’ blood group distribution was compared to that of healthy, voluntary blood donors living in the Tampere University Hospital responsibility area (n = 21,833). The severity of PUUV infection, as judged by the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI), thrombocytopenia, inflammation, capillary leakage, and the length of hospital care, was analyzed across the groups. The ABO and rhesus blood group distributions did not differ between the patients and blood donors. Patients with non-O blood groups had lower systolic blood pressure compared to patients with blood group O, but there was no difference in other markers of capillary leakage or in the severity of AKI. Minor deviations in the number of platelets and leukocytes were detected between the O and non-O blood groups. To conclude, patients with blood group O may be less susceptible to hypotension, but otherwise blood groups have no major influences on disease susceptibility or severity during acute PUUV infection