Mechanism of carbon deposition within char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch

This paper describes the reaction mechanism to deposit pyrolytic carbon within porous body of char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) via an integrated pyrolysis-tar decomposition process, which employs chemical vapor infiltration method. This process was developed to produce a value-added EFB-derived char and to make EFB able to be utilized as a supplementary solid biofuel. The product, namely carbon-deposited char, was characterized in comparison with metallurgical coke breeze used in iron-steel industry

PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN CARD SORT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PKN MATERI KEKHASAN BANGSA INDONESIA

Abtract: The purpose of this research was to improve concept understanding of Indonesian special characteristics by card sort learning strategy. The type of research was Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was carried out in two cycle. The data collecting techniques are test, observation, interview, and documentation. The data validity is examined by using data content validity. The data analysis technique was descriptif interactive analytic model (Miles&Huberman). The result of the research show that before the action (pracycle) the average score on concept understanding of Indonesian special characteristics is 52,97 with the minimum learning completenes of 21,9%. Following the treatment, the average scores become 55,86 with the minimum learning completes of 37,5% in cycle I, and 74,77 with the minimum learning completes of 81,25%, in cycle II respectively. Based on the result of the research, a conclusion is drawn that the result of Card Sort strategy implementation can improve of concept understanding on PKn material Indonesian special characteristic at third grade students of SD Negeri Totosari Number 102 Surakarta in academic year 2015/2016.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep kekhasan bangsa Indonesia melalui penerapan strategi pembelajaran Card Sort. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas, yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Uji validitas penelitian menggunakan validitas isi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah model analisis deskriptif interaktif (Miles&Huberman). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa tentang konsep kekhasan bangsa Indonesia sebelum tindakan (prasiklus) adalah 52,97 dengan ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 21,9%. Pada siklus I, nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 55,86 dengan ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 37,5% %. Pada siklus II, nilai rata-rata menngkat lagi menjadi 74,77 dengan ketuntasan klasikal mencapai 81,25%. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Card Sort dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep kekhasan bangsa Indonesia pada siswa kelas III SD Negeri Totosari No.102 Surakarta tahun ajaran 2015/2016.Kata Kunci: Card Sort, Pemahaman Konsep, Kekhasan bangsa Indonesia

Schizophyllum commune Fr. Sebagai Jamur Uji Ketahanan Kayu Standar Nasional Indonesia pada Empat Jenis Kayu Rakyat : Sengon (P. falcataria), Karet (H. brasiliensis), Tusam (P. merkusii), Mangium (A. mangium)

Schizophyllum commune Fr. As Indonesian National Standard Wood Resistance Test Fungi on Four Kinds of Community Wood : Sengon, Rubber, Tusam, and MangiumSchizophyllum commune Fr. is a vicious wood decaying fungi that in several cases could cause to 70 % weight loss. These fungi could attack various kind of woods (more than 25 wood species). It has been widely distributed especially in tropical area, and could easily grow in many conditions. This wood decaying fungi has an ability to decompose cell components of the woods through enzymatic processes from a complex to simpler form. Resistance of wood is strongly influenced by the content of extractive substances, although not all of these extractive substances are nocuous to wood destroying organisms. Based on the resistance, most common community woods have a low grade of resistance (grade III, IV, and V). This study aimed to determine the resistance of the four kind community woods which are sengon wood (P. falcataria), rubber (H. brasiliensis), tusam (P. merkusii), and mangium (A. mangium) against S. commune based on SNI 01.7202-2006. Parameters of the wood resistance against S. commune attack could be seen from the sample of weight loss. Based on the results of testing, it was known that sengon wood resistance was classified to a class IV-V (weak to extremely weak resistance to fungal attack) with the weight loss of longitudinal sengon and cross sengon respectively 32.2 and 15.7 %. Rubber wood resistance was classified to a class IV (weak resistance) with the weight loss value of longitudinal rubber and cross rubber respectively 13.8 and 12.0 %. Tusam and mangium wood’s resistance was clasified to a class III (moderate resistance) with the weight loss value of longitudinal tusam and cross tusam respectively 8.0 and 9.3 %. As for the mangium, the weight loss of longitudinal mangium and cross mangium respectively 6.3 and 6.3 %. Thus, the recommended wood as the control for the test of resistance against S.commune attack was sengon wood with the longitudinal direction of fiber. Fungi S. communne could use as the standard and was a recommended fungi for the the resistance test of the wood as it could cause the weight loss up to 3.2 % on sengon wood with the longitudinal direction of fiber

The effect of Chaetomium globosum and organic fertilizer on the sweet pepper varieties growth and yield under the greenhouse conditions

This experiment was conducted at horticulture college (USAMV Bucharest) during the summer season of the year 2017 to investigate the growth and yield of sweet pepper varieties (Dinamica f1, Abadia f1 and Abadia f1-grafted on emperador) planted under the greenhouse as influenced by Dix 10 n (organic fertilizer) with dose (300 g/m2 dix 10n) and soil contaminated with Chaetomium globosum fungus. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the highest plant height between the varieties were represented by Dinamica recorded 69.66cm while the maximum plant height between the interaction treatments recorded with (Dinamica + (D+CG), Dinamica + CG and Abadia G+ CG evaluated (89.66, 87.66, 84.00 cm) respectively. While the highest percentage of aerial plant dry matter represented by the interaction treatments of Dinamica + (D + CG) and Abadia G + (D + CG) which reached to (18.56 and 18.53 %) respectively. While the minimum effect for percentage of root dry matter obtained (15.20 and 16.20 %) for control treatment of (Abadia and Abadia G) respectively. The highest yield of plant (Dinamica + (D + CG), Abadia G (D + CG) and Abadia (D + CG)) were recorded lowest yield per plant were (1367.66, 1363.00 and 1325.66 g) respectively. The highest chlorophyll content in leaves were (135.30 and 117.53 µmol m-2) in Abadia G (D + CG) and Abadia G + CG respectively. The minimum photosynthesis value was 7.36 µmol m-2 s-1 in Abadia G (D + CG). The maximum of highest N-NO3 was in Dinamica + (D+CG) treatment which reached to 90.13 ppm, while the highest PO4 level was observed in Abadia + D treatment which recorded 198.87 ppm and the highest level of K was in Abadia G + CG which reached to 4066.66 ppm

Geological and Engineering Properties of Granite Rocks from Aqaba Area

Abstract Jordanian granitic rocks (JG) are highly distributed and available in huge quantities in south Jordan, Aqaba area. Granite in south Jordan (JG) is belonging to Aqaba granite complex. This study has been carried out to investigate geological and engineering properties of JG from Aqaba vicinity, south Jordan, in addition to identify and classify the different granitic rocks. 27 random samples of JG were collected from different quarries in three locations from the study area to investigate their characterization. Engineering properties of JG were tested and investigated using ultra sonic velocity test, abrasion test, flexural strength, specific gravity test, and compressive strength test. Engineering tests results show that JG has metal disk abrasion less than 21 mm, flexural strength of 16.9 Mpa, average dry specific gravity of 2.69 and very low absorption while the compressive strength results range between 60 to 90 Mpa. The results show that the engineering characterization of JG is complying with local and international specifications and standards used for classifying the decorative and building granite stones

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DARI LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI PELUANG USAHA BARU DI ERA NEW NORMAL DI DESA TIRIP KECAMATAN WADASLINTANG KABUPATEN WONOSOBO

Sampah merupakan salah satu masalah krusial yang harus dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Sampah adalah bahan yang dibuang, hasil kegiatan manusia atau alam yang tidak digunakan lagi karena unsur fungsi utamanya telah diambil. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi sampah adalah dengan memanfaatkan sampah organik menjadi kompos sehingga dapat mendorong kesadaran masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan sampah, sehingga memiliki nilai guna dan mampu menciptakan peluang usaha baru. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari sampah rumah tangga untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kemampuan warga Desa Tirip kecamatan Wadaslintang dalam mengelola sampah rumah tangga. Pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari sampah rumah tangga dengan metode ceramah, diskusi, demonstrasi dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari rumah tangga. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan mempraktikkan hasil pelatihan ini di rumah masing-masing yang kemudian akan melakukan review. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman dan kemampuan Ibu-ibu PKK dalam pembuatan pupuk kompos dengan komposter setelah mengikuti sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari limbah rumah tangga yang dilaksanakan dengan baik dan lancar. Sebanyak 11 unit komposter diserahkan kepada ibu-ibu PKK di Desa Tirip. Diharapkan kader PKK di Desa Tirip dapat berkembang dan lebih terampil setelah mendapatkan sosialisasi dan pelatihan pembuatan kompos dari sampah rumah tangga

Performance profiling of UV-grafted forward osmosis polyethersulfone membrane using multivariate classical scaling technique

In this work, Classical Scaling (CMDS) method was used to develop a set of membrane profile performance for various types of UV-grafted polyethersulfone (PES) membrane. Previously, there is no such profiling has been considered. The main motivation of the profiling is to determine what is the most preference impact factor which significantly influence the membrane strength during application. Initially, nine (9) different samples of modified PES membranes were prepared mainly by adopting numerous characterization parameters of acrylic acid monomer concentration and grafting time. Three (3) performance indicators namely water permeability (A), solute permeability (B) and structural parameter (S) were used as representing the foundation of membrane performance profile. In particular, the Euclidean and City-block scales were utilized to build up the multivariate profile based on two dimension configurations. The key finding suggests that the modified membranes were easily clustered based on its grafting mechanism. From the general observation on the compressed CMDS dimensional space, samples that fall above the x-axis in Euclidean scale configuration and those scattered samples in the City-block scale have relatively larger pores. Thus, the CMDS profiling tends to favor the pore size as the dominant impact factor in characterizing the membrane performance based on the three specified parameters that investigated

Characterization of greater middle eastern genetic variation for enhanced disease gene discovery

The Greater Middle East (GME) has been a central hub of human migration and population admixture. The tradition of consanguinity, variably practiced in the Persian Gulf region, North Africa, and Central Asia1-3, has resulted in an elevated burden of recessive disease4. Here we generated a whole-exome GME variome from 1,111 unrelated subjects. We detected substantial diversity and admixture in continental and subregional populations, corresponding to several ancient founder populations with little evidence of bottlenecks. Measured consanguinity rates were an order of magnitude above those in other sampled populations, and the GME population exhibited an increased burden of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) but showed no evidence for reduced burden of deleterious variation due to classically theorized ‘genetic purging’. Applying this database to unsolved recessive conditions in the GME population reduced the number of potential disease-causing variants by four- to sevenfold. These results show variegated genetic architecture in GME populations and support future human genetic discoveries in Mendelian and population genetics