Some mathematical properties of the futures market platform

This is an introductory work to analytical properties of the futures market platform’s main parameters. The underlying mechanism of this market structure is formulated into a mathematical dynamical model. Some mathematical properties of traders’ positions, their potential and realized wealths, market open interest and average price, are stated and demonstrated.futures market platform, open interest

Optimal Strategies for Automated Traders in a Producer-Consumer Futures Market

The aim of this work is to show how automated traders can operate a futures market. First, we established some hypothesises on the properties of the ’correct’ price pattern which translates accurately the underlying moves in the supply/demand balance and the nominal price, then mathematical measures were derived allowing to estimate the efficiency of a given trading strategy. As a starting step, we applied our approach to a simplified market setup where only two automated traders, a producer and a consumer, can trade. They receive a stream of forecasts on supply and demand levels and they should react instantaneously by adjusting these forecasts, then issuing sale and buy orders. Later, we suggested a parameterized trading strategy for the two automatons. Finally, we obtained by simulation the optimal parameters of this strategy in some particular cases.Automated traders; optimal strategies; agent based

Automatizing Price Negotiation in Commodities Markets

This is an introductory work to trade automatization of the futures market, so far operated by human traders. We are not focusing on maximizing individual profits of any trader as done in many studies, but rather we try to build a stable electronic trading system allowing to obtain a fair price, based on supply and demand dynamics, in order to avoid speculative bubbles and crashes. In our setup, producers and consumers release regularly their forecasts of output and consumption respectively. Automated traders will use this information to negotiate price of the underlying commodity. We suggested a set of analytical criteria allowing to measure the efficiency of the automatic trading strategy in respect to market stability.Automated Traders, Optimal Strategies, Futures Market, Commodities Trading

Evaluation of CAFO Dairy Manure Treatment to Reduce Nutrient Transport

Excess amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen flowing into Lake Erie from agricultural fields in Northwest Ohio has led to several harmful algal blooms (HABs). One potential source of those nutrients is manure applied to fields for fertilizer. Manure from confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is 95-98% water with only ~3% solids and nutrients, thus physical transportation is expensive relative to the value of the agricultural nutrients. Furthermore, once manure nutrients are applied to agricultural fields, they are relatively easily mobilized to waterways by precipitation. More than 800 lab-scale tests have been used to optimize the treatment of CAFO manure with cationic polymers and coagulant, which are commonly used in wastewater treatment plants, to sequester the nutrients as solids separated from water, thus reducing the weight by a factor of 20 and binding the nutrients in a form that greatly reduces its mobility in soils. Preliminary results are promising, showing that the runoff from the fields with the treated manure have significantly less phosphate levels compared to plots with untreated manure, as work is still being done for improving the results of the other nutrients. One of those nutrients is ammonia. This study is aimed at developing a strategy to increase the capture of ammonia and release slower and more consistently over time. Different strategies were tested, and the successful ones show improved capture of ammonia and slower release

Fear of Immigrants and Immigration in American Society

Immigrants, regardless of status, are portrayed as a threat to American society through the media. This paper will investigate Americans and their fear of non White immigrants and naturalized citizens through the theories of immigration threat, social identity theory, group cue, and the so-called freeloader problem. Due to the rise of xenophobic rhetoric being parroted by American politicians such as the Muslim ban enacted during the time of former President Trump’s presidency, the U.S. border control’s violence towards central American refugees, as well as undocumented laborers that Florida’s Governor DeSantis did not want working in his state anymore, leading to a large boycott. Using the Chapman Survey of American Fears data set published in 2018-2022, a representative national sample, I find that news outlets like Fox News elevate the fear of immigrants. They related in a way that fear will increase when the cultural politics of the country is positioned in a way where the American identity is being “stolen” or “taken over”. The scholarly contribution to this topic is the better understanding of how influential media as well as politicians and political ideology are to citizens, and how an emphasized American issue can instill fear in the minds of Americans.. I intend to understand the process of Americans who have been residing in the country for generations and how they hold themselves to carry out judgment towards those who are living in the country regardless of documentation status

Pre-Eruptive Timescales and Processes of Large Shallow Magma Systems Revealed by Compositional Variability in Silicic Ignimbrites

Intracontinental magmas are stored at shallow crustal depths and commonly produce compositionally variable deposits when erupted. A core objective of igneous petrology is to understand the processes and pathways by which these magmas are generated and differentiated. Despite decades of research, debate persists regarding the comparative effects of processes like assimilation, fractional crystallization, and magma mixing in the production of compositional zonation. There are two end member hypotheses of how compositional variability develops in pre-eruptive magma bodies; one proposes long-term storage and crystal fractionation of a mafic or intermediate parent magma, while the other proposes a more transient system resulting from crustal melting, high magma flux rates, and magma mixing. This study examines the relative influences of fractional crystallization and magma mixing in the development of compositional heterogeneities in crustal intracontinental magmas and the timescales over which these processes occur. The Picture Gorge Ignimbrite (PGI) and Rattlesnake Tuff (RST) in east central Oregon are contrasting examples of compositional variability in rhyolitic ashflow tuffs that provide case studies for both gradational and abrupt styles of compositional variability, respectively. Disequilibrium textures in zircon crystals from both tuffs offer evidence of open system recharge and magma mixing in the pre-eruptive magma chambers. Trace element chemistry and Ti-in-zircon crystallization temperatures of zircon crystals from the PGI record a reheating event coupled with a change in magma chemistry that coincides with an episode of zircon resorption followed by recrystallization. The zircon crystal record of the RST magma system is markedly more complicated as illustrated by complex crystallization textures and intracrystal thermochemical zoning profiles. Complexity of the RST system is further revealed by bimodal feldspar compositions and widely variable glass compositions that form fractional crystallization and mixing arrays between and within compositional groups. Tandem LA-ICPMS and CA-TIMS U-Pb geochronology on crystals demonstrate multigenerational antecrystic growth in both the PGI and RST systems occurring over 104 year timescales. Petrochronologic analysis of these two rhyolites preclude protracted closed system differentiation as a mechanism for compositional evolution and development of a compositionally zoned pre-eruptive magma body. Rather, thermochemical gradients in both systems were likely imparted primarily by magma rejuvenation and hybridization. Results suggest that, in the PGI magma body, a single recharge episode allowed for homogenization of the hybrid magma prior to eruption, while greater magma flux rates in the RST magma resulted in incomplete pre-eruptive mixing and preservation of distinct magma compositions that were mingled upon eruption

Utilizing an Extract from Endophytic Fungus, Alternaria Alternata, Isolated from Ricinus Communis L. Leaves as a Biological Agent for Controlling the Migratory Locust in Algeria

In this research, we aimed to explore the insecticidal potential of Alternaria alternata, an endophytic fungus derived from the leaves of castor oil plant. To test its insecticidal efficacy, various doses of A. alternata mycoextract were administered to Locusta migratoria L. through both topical and oral pathways. The findings revealed that the insects displayed the highest susceptibility to a concentration of 2 g/L, leading to an impressive mortality rate of 87.5 % and 93.75 % for topical and oral administrations, in the same order. The extract displayed remarkable insecticidal properties, demonstrating LC50 values of 1.09 g/L for the topical treatment and 1.129 g/L for the oral treatment. Moreover, the average survival times (LT50) for the insects were found to be 5.392 days and 6.867 days when subjected to the topical and oral treatments, respectively. The initial chemical investigation of the mycoextract unveiled the existence of different key metabolites responsible for the observed activities. Additionally, FTIR-ATR analysis indicated the presence of different groups in the mycoextract. Moreover, the GC-MS analysis identified multiple volatile insecticidal compounds in the fungal extract

Review on Locusta migratoria cinerascens (Fabricius, 1781).

The migratory locust, scientifically known as Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758), is a captivating insect species that has drawn the interest of scientists, farmers, and the general public. Recognized for its notorious swarming behavior, this insect has the potential to cause extensive damage to crops, leading to agricultural plagues and food shortages. However, beyond its reputation as a pest, the migratory locust is a subject of scientific fascination due to its intricate life cycle, remarkable ability to undergo rapid and dramatic transformations, and its crucial role within the ecosystems it inhabits. This review delves into various facets of L. migratoria, including its taxonomy, synonyms, common names, morphological and biological characteristics, ecology, geographical distribution, as well as the damages it inflicts and the measures taken for its control