46 research outputs found
Actividad insecticida del polvo de Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae) contra Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Se evaluaron las propiedades insecticidas del polvo de follaje de Peumus boldus Molina para el control de adultos y estados inmaduros de S. zeamais. La mayor toxicidad por contacto y fumigaci贸n se obtuvo con las concentraciones iguales o mayores a 1,25% registrando una mortalidad superior a 90%. Los tratamientos con mayor mortalidad mostraron tambi茅n una baja emergencia de insectos adultos (F 1) y menor p茅rdida de peso del grano. En el control de estados inmaduros la menor F1 se observ贸 en las concentraciones m谩s altas de polvo. El almacenamiento del polvo en refrigeraci贸n no impidi贸 la p茅rdida en el tiempo de las propiedades insecticidas. Todas las concentraciones evaluadas mostraron efecto repelente contra adultos de S. zeamais. El polvo de P. boldus no afect贸 significativamente la germinaci贸n de los granos. Se concluye que el polvo de P. boldus tiene perspectivas auspiciosas para el control de plagas de los productos almacenados
Propiedades insecticidas del polvo de Laurelia sempervirens L. para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Sitophilus zeamais is a key pest of stored cereals. The insecticidal properties of Laurelia semper v irens powder against S. zeamais were assessed in laboratory. The variable evaluated were morta lity of adult insects by contact and fumigant toxicity, mortality of immature insects by contact toxicity, residual effect of powder stored under environmental or refrigerated conditions, adult insect em ergence (F1), repellency and weight reduction and ger mination of maize. The concentrations evaluated were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% and the experimental design was completely randomly. In contact toxicity bioassay all treatments showed mortality over 90% while fumi gant activity did not exceed 40%. The F1 only was registered in treatment of 0.25% and control showing all other treatments 0%. In immature control bioassay all treatments exhibited statistical differences with control. The storage of powder under refrigerated cond itions not improved the resid ual effect. All concentrations of powder assessed showed repellence. Germination and grain weight loss of maize seeds not showed significant differences with control. We concluded that L. sempervirens has promissory perspectives to stored grain pests contr ol
Metabarcoding and Digital PCR (dPCR): Application in the Study of Neglected Tropical Diseases
neglected tropical diseases such as Chagas disease, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and malaria cause millions of deaths each year and they are caused by a variety of pathogens whose diagnosis is very limited or subject to conventional testing, making a treatment less accessible, accurate and timely diagnosis for choosing their treatments. Traditional methods for pathogen detection have not been able to meet the growing need for diagnosis and control. The incorporation of new technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital PCR (dPCR) represent a better diagnostic possibility due to their ability to absolutely quantify pathogens with high selectivity and precision. Our planet is currently experiencing environmental changes of an unprecedented magnitude and rate, including climate change, globalized pollution, biodiversity loss, and land use changes, so neglected diseases require a comprehensive understanding of the ecology of vectors in the different eco-epidemiological contexts, as well as of the transmission cycles of pathogens and their transmission dynamics. In this sense, NGS and dPCR open a new panorama for a better understanding of these diseases with the aim of proposing new programs for their care
Actividad insecticida del polvo de Peumus boldus Molina (Monimiaceae) contra Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Se evaluaron las propiedades insecticidas del polvo de follaje de Peumus boldus Molina para el control de adultos y estados inmaduros de S. zeamais. La 聽mayor toxicidad por contacto y fumigaci贸n se obtuvo con las concentraciones iguales o mayores a 1,25% registrando una mortalidad superior a 90%. Los 聽tratamientos con mayor mortalidad mostraron tambi茅n una baja emergencia de insectos adultos (F1) y menor p茅rdida de peso del grano. En el control de 聽estados inmaduros la menor F1 se observ贸 en las concentraciones m谩s altas de polvo. El almacenamiento del polvo en refrigeraci贸n no impidi贸 la p茅rdida en 聽el tiempo de las propiedades insecticidas. Todas las concentraciones evaluadas mostraron efecto repelente contra adultos de S. zeamais. El polvo de P. boldus 聽no afect贸 significativamente la germinaci贸n de los granos. Se concluye que el polvo de P. boldus tiene perspectivas auspiciosas para el control de plagas de 聽los productos almacenados
Psychological function index in preschoolers of different socioeconomic strata: a pilot study
Introducci贸n: Durante los primeros cinco a帽os de vida, el cerebro en desarrollo es m谩s sensible a la estimulaci贸n, crianza y otros factores que pueden intervenir positiva y negativamente su desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar el 脥ndice de Funci贸n Psicol贸gica (IFP) en preescolares de diferentes estratos socioecon贸micos y relacionarlo con sus caracter铆sticas sociodemogr谩ficas y estilos de vida. M茅todos: Se determin贸 el IFP a trav茅s de la prueba de dibujo de la figura humana de Goodenough en 792 preescolares de instituciones p煤blicas y privadas de diferentes estratos socioecon贸micos; adem谩s, se identificaron sus datos sociodemogr谩ficos y de estilo de vida por medio de un cuestionario. Resultados: 24,6% de los preescolares manifestaron un IFP inferior al promedio, 63,6% estuvieron alrededor del promedio y 11,7% fueron superiores al promedio. Los preescolares del estrato socioecon贸mico medio mostraron mayor puntuaci贸n. La edad, el sexo y el grado escolar estuvieron en asociaci贸n con el IFP. Conclusiones: En la poblaci贸n estudiada, uno de cada cuatro preescolares muestra un IFP inferior al promedio, el IFP es mayor en preescolares de estrato medio. Se necesita implementar estrategias y pr谩cticas m谩s ben茅ficas dentro del hogar y de las escuelas, que estimulen el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa y de las funciones mentales superiores de los preescolares.Introduction: During the first five years of life, the developing brain is more sensitive to stimulation and nurturing, just like other factors that intervene positively and negatively in its development. Objective: To determine Psychological function index (PFI) in preschoolers from different socioeconomic strata and relate it to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: the PFI was determined through Goodenough Draw-A-Person in 792 preschoolers from different socioeconomic strata from public and private educational institutions, also the main sociodemographic and lifestyle data were identified. Results: 24,6% of preschoolers showed PFI below average, 63,6% demonstrated a PFI around the average, and 11,7% higher than the average. A higher score was observed in the Middle Socioeconomic Strata followed by the high stratum and low stratum. On the other hand, age, sex and school grade were in association with PFI. Conclusions: The present exploratory study showed that one in four preschoolers showed a lower than average PFI, the PFI is higher in middle-class preschoolers. In addition, strategies need to be implemented to develop more beneficial practices within the home and in schools, which can stimulate the development of gross motor skills and higher mental functions in preschoolers
Propiedades insecticidas del polvo de Laurelia sempervirens L. para el control de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Sitophilus zeamais es plaga primaria de los cereales almacenados. Se evaluaron, en laboratorio, las propiedades insecticidas del polvo de follaje de Laurelia sempervirens para el control de S. zeamais. Las variables evaluadas fueron mortalidad por contacto y fumigante de insectos adultos, toxicidad por contacto sobre estados inmaduros, efecto residual del polvo almacenado en condiciones ambientales y de refrigeraci贸n, emergencia de insectos adultos (F1), repelencia y p茅rdida de peso y germinaci贸n del ma铆z. Las concentraciones evaluadas fueron 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 y 4,0% y el dise帽o experimental fue completamente al azar. En el bioensayo de toxicidad por contacto todos los tratamientos mostraron una mortalidad sobre el 90%, mientras que la actividad como fumigante no super贸 el 40%. La F1 s贸lo se registr贸 en el tratamiento de 0,25% y en el testigo mostrando todos los otros tratamientos 0%. En el bioensayo de control de estados inmaduros todos los tratamientos exhibieron diferencias significativas con el testigo. El almacenamiento del polvo en condiciones de refrigeraci贸n no mejor贸 el efecto residual. Todas las concentraciones de polvo evaluadas registraron efecto repelente. La germinaci贸n y p茅rdida de peso de las semillas de ma铆z no mostraron diferencias significativas con el testigo. Se concluye que L. sempervirens tiene perspectivas promisorias para el control de plagas de los granos almacenado
Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study
Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised
Susceptibilidad a las convulsiones en ratas expuestas prenatalmente a 谩cido valproico y su relaci贸n con la reurotransmisi贸n GABA茅rgia y glutamat茅rgica
La evidencia cl铆nica y epidemiol贸gica muestra una mayor prevalencia de epilepsia (20-30%)
en pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) que en la poblaci贸n general. Se sabe
que la exposici贸n prenatal al 谩cido valproico (AVP) produce defectos del tubo neural y
deterioro en las conductas sociales relacionadas con el TEA en humanos. Estos efectos
tambi茅n se observan en roedores, lo que los hace un modelo animal 煤til para estudiar el
TEA. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad a las crisis convulsivas de
ratas en desarrollo expuestas prenatalmente al AVP y su relaci贸n con los sistemas
GABA茅rgico y glutamat茅rgico..