Efecto de un calendario sobrecargado de partidos sobre el rendimiento físico en el fútbol de élite

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar el impacto de disputar una alta carga de minutos de competición a lo largo de una temporada sobre el rendimiento físico en el fútbol de elite. La distancia recorrida a distintas velocidades y el porcentaje de tiempo realizando actividades de alta intensidad por 68 jugadores que disputaron la Copa Mundial de Brasil 2014 de la FIFA fueron analizados. Un análisis de cluster clasificó a los jugadoresen tres grupos dependiendo del número de minutos disputados a lo largo de la temporada: alta, media y baja carga de competición. El marcador, el nivel del oponente y el puesto específico de los jugadores se incorporaron en el análisis como variables de control. Los datos fueron analizados mediante de un análisis de regresión lineal. En general, los resultados sugieren que jugar una alta carga de minutos de competición durante la temporada no afecta negativamente al rendimiento físico de los jugadores. Los mediocentros recorrieron una distancia total y a alta intensidad mayor que el resto de puestos específicos (p<0,01), mientras que los defensas centrales cubrieron una distancia significativamente menor que el resto de posiciones (p<0,01). Tener el marcador a favor o en contra y la fortaleza o debilidad del oponente no modificó significativamente el rendimiento físico de los jugadores. Estos resultados podrían ser utilizados por entrenadores y analistas para mejorar el diseño de tareas y la evaluación del rendimiento de los equipos y de los jugadores

Magnetic fabric from Quaternary volcanic edifices in the extensional Bransfield Basin: Internal structure of Penguin and Bridgeman islands (South Shetlands archipelago, Antarctica)

Studying the magnetic fabric in volcanic edifices, particularly lava flows from recent eruptions, allows us to understand the orientation distribution of the minerals related to the flow direction and properly characterize older and/or eroded flows. In this work, the magnetic fabric from recent (Quaternary) lava flows (slightly inclined in seven sites and plateau lavas in two sites), pyroclastic deposits (two sites from a scoria cone) and volcanic cones, domes and plugs (three sites) from Penguin and Bridgeman islands, located in the Bransfield backarc basin, are presented. The volcanism in the two islands is related to rifting occurring due to the opening of the Bransfield Strait, between the South Shetlands archipelago and the Antarctic Peninsula. The direction of flow of magmatic material is unknown. Rock magnetic analyses, low temperature measurements and electron microscope observations (back-scattered electron imaging and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyses) reveal a Ti-poor magnetite (and maghemite) as the main carrier of the magnetic fabric. Hematite may be present in some samples. Samples from the centre of the lavas reveal a magnetic lineation either parallel or imbricated with respect to the flow plane, whereas in the plateau lavas the magnetic lineation is contained within the subhorizontal plane except in vesicle-rich samples, where imbrication occurs. The magnetic lineation indicates a varied flow direction in Bridgeman Island with respect to the spreading Bransfield Basin axis. The flow direction in the plateau lavas on Penguin Island is deduced from the imbrication of the magnetic fabric in the more vesicular parts, suggesting a SE-NW flow. The volcanic domes are also imbricated with respect to an upward flow, and the bombs show scattered distribution

Light conditions and heterogeneity in illumination affect growth and survival of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae reared in the hatchery

In order to succeed in common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) aquaculture, it is necessary to overcome the massive paralarval mortalities, which are likely related to zootechnical and/or nutritional aspects. Among the zootechnical aspects, the effect of light could be vital for the development of paralarvae given their sophisticated visual system. O. vulgaris paralarvae display vertical behavior in the wild, being in deeper waters during the day and close to the surface at night. For this reason, the present study traces a collection of light assays in captivity, to test ecologically-driven hypotheses on the growth and survival of octopus paralarvae. The first assay tested a factorial combination of light colors (blue vs white) and intensity (low ~13 lx (36 W/m2), medium ~87 lx (151 W/m2) and high ~265 lx (422 W/m2)). The results pointed to a significant negative impact of low light intensities (13 and 87 lx) on paralarval growth. The second assay was designed to contrast light colors (blue vs white), different levels of intensities (300 lx (478 W/m2) vs 600 lx (1077 W/m2)) and partial coverage of the tanks using a shade mesh, named as “shadow zone” (half-covered vs non-covered tanks). In half-covered tanks, survival was significantly improved, with the best results coming from half-covered tanks with blue light and 600 lx, but no differences in dry weight were observed. The third experiment tested a factor called “light source position” with two levels: “Control” when the light incidence angle was 0° with respect to the normal direction (i.e. perpendicular to the water surface), and “Oblique” when the light incidence angle was 60° with respect to the normal direction. In this experiment, survival significantly improved under oblique light but no differences in dry weight were detected. The last experiment was an unifactorial design combining “light source position” and “tank partial coverage” with three treatments: i) control light with uncovered tanks, ii) oblique light with uncovered tanks, iii) control light with semi-covered tanks. Oblique light with uncovered tanks was associated with a higher survival rate but without statistical significance, probably due to data variability. It can be concluded that light intensity tended to affect paralarval dry weight, whereas the existence of a shadow zone or oblique light are more related with an improvement of survival rate

Association between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome with serum levels of miRNA in morbid obesity

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) could be involved in the regulation of different miRNAs related to metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: We analyzed the serum level of mir-let7a-5p, mir-21, mir-590, mir-107 and mir-192 in patients with morbid obesity and its association with the MD and MS. Results: There is an association between the adherence to MD and higher serum levels of mir-590. Mir-590 was lower in those patients who consumed >2 commercial pastries/week. Mir-let7a was lower in those who consumed ≥1 sweetened drinks, in those who consumed ≥3 pieces of fruit/day and in those who consumed less red than white meat. A lower mir-590 and mir-let7a, and a higher mir-192 level, were found in patients who met the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) criterion of MS. A higher mir-192 was found in those patients who met the triglyceride criterion of MS and in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conclusions: There is an association between specific serum levels of miRNAs and the amount and kind of food intake related to MD. Mir-590 was positively associated with a healthy metabolic profile and type of diet, while mir-192 was positively associated with a worse metabolic profile. These associations could be suggestive of a possible modulation of these miRNAs by food

NaRALap: augmented reality system for navigation in laparoscopic surgery

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-011-0579-z.The AR system has a good resolution and currently is used for the placement of the trocars. Possible improvements will be performed to make the system independent of the camera position or to use natural marks. The biomechanical model and the AR algorithms will be combined with a tracker, for tracking the surgical instruments, in order to implement a valid system for liver biopsies. It will take into account the deformation due to the pneumoperitoneum and due to the breath of the patient. To develop the navigator that will guide the laparoscopic interventions, both AR system and biomechanical model will be combined with the laparoscopic camera in order to make an easier environment with only one vision in a 2D monitor.This work has been supported by the project MITYC (ref. TSI020100-2009-189). We would like to express our deep gratitude to the Hospital Clínica Benidorm for its participation in this project.López-Mir, F.; Martínez Martínez, F.; Fuertes Cebrián, JJ.; Lago, MA.; Rupérez Moreno, MJ.; Naranjo Ornedo, V.; Monserrat Aranda, C. (2011). NaRALap: augmented reality system for navigation in laparoscopic surgery. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. 6:98-99. https://doi.org/10.0.3.239/s11548-011-0579-zS9899

Recent changes in the pelagic ecosystem of the Iberian Atlantic in the context of multidecadal variability

Trends in ecosystem variables of the Eastern North Atlantic shelf near the Iberian Peninsula were analysed in relation to regional climate and oceanographic variability. In addition, detailed changes in oceanographic properties (surface temperature, upwelling and poleward current activity) and biological components (plankton and pelagic consumers) in the period 1989-2005 were compared with the main trends and multidecadal periods observed in time series dating back to 1950. In contrast to previous studies, the North Atlantic Oscillation did not appear as the main influence in the climate of the North Iberian region, while East-West and subtropical gradients were the dominant modes. Climatic oscillations at decadal scales were paralleled by similar oscillations in oceanographic and biological variables, but the latter appeared weakly related to climate. Time- lags of up to 5 years in the biological response may partly explain these relationships. The main planktivorous fish species (sardine and anchovy) alternate in periods of 10-15 years of relative dominance, in synchrony with equivalent species around the world. In contrast, plankton cycles appear greatly modified after 1990 in coincidence with shifts in climatic and oceanographic variables. Subregional variability indicated divergent trends in biological variables, particularly the zooplankton increase off A Coruña and the decrease in the Bay of Biscay since 1990. Such divergences are related to direct and indirect effects of global changes in this transitional upwelling region

Primeros datos del magmatismo pérmico medio-superior del SE de la Cordillera Ibérica: caracterización y comparación con magmatismos contemporáneos del Tethys occidental

A multiple basic to intermediate sill is reported for the first time in the south-eastern Iberian Ranges. It is composed of several tabular to irregular levels intercalated within the fluvial sediments of the Alcotas Formation (Middle-Upper Permian). The sill could represent the youngest Paleozoic subvolcanic intrusion in the Iberian Ranges. The igneous rocks are classified as basaltic andesites. They show a subophitic microstructure constituted by plagioclase (An62 – An6), augite (En48Wo44Fs7 –En46Wo39Fs15), pseudomorphosed olivine, minor amounts of oxides (magnetite and ilmenite) and accessory F-apatite. According to the mineralogy and whole-rock composition, their geochemical affinity is transitional from subalkaline to alkaline. Radiometric dating of the sill is not feasible due to its significant alteration. Field criteria, however, suggest an emplacement coeval to the deposition of the Alcotas Formation (Middle-Upper Permian). This hypothesis is supported by the transitional affinity of these rocks, similar to other Middle-Upper Permian magmatisms in the western Tethys, e.g., from the Pyrenees. Taking into account their isotopic signature (εSr: -6.8 to -9.2; εNd: +1.7 to +8.3), an enriched mantle source with the involvement of a HIMU component has been identified. This interpretation is supported by the trace element contents. Some of these HIMU characteristics have been recognised in the Middle-Upper Permian magmatisms of the Central Pyrenees (Anayet Basin) and the High Atlas (Argana Basin). However, none of these source features are shared with other Middle-Upper Permian magmatisms of the western Tethys (Catalonian Coastal Ranges, Corsica-Sardinia and southern France), nor with the Lower Permian magmatism of the Iberian Ranges. These differences support the presence of a heterogeneous mantle in the western Tethys during the Permian.Se describe por primera vez en el sudeste de la Cordillera Ibérica un sill múltiple de carácter básico a intermedio. Está compuesto por varios cuerpos tabulares a irregulares intercalados entre los sedimentos de origen fluvial de la Formación Alcotas (Pérmico Medio-Superior). El sill podría representar la intrusión subvolcánica paleozoica más reciente en la Cordillera Ibérica. Estas rocas subvolcánicas se clasifican como andesitas basálticas. Muestran una textura subofítica constituida por plagioclasa (An62 – An6), augita (En48Wo44Fs7 –En46Wo39Fs15), pseudomorfos de olivino, minerales opacos (magnetita e ilmenita) y F-apatito accesorio. De acuerdo con su composición mineral y de roca total, su afinidad geoquímica es transicional entre subalcalina y alcalina. La datación radiométrica del sill no es posible debido a su elevado grado de alteración. No obstante, los criterios de campo sugieren un emplazamiento contemporáneo con el depósito de la Formación Alcotas (Pérmico Medio-Superior). Esta hipótesis está apoyada por la afinidad transicional de estas rocas, similar a otros episodios magmáticos del Pérmico Medio-Superior en el Tethys occidental, como los que afloran en los Pirineos. Teniendo en cuenta su signatura isotópica (εSr: -6.8 a -9.2; εNd: +1.7 a +8.3), se propone un origen a partir de un manto enriquecido, con la participación de un componente de tipo HIMU. Esta interpretación está apoyada por sus contenidos en elementos traza. Algunas de estas características del protolito han sido reconocidas en los magmatismos del Pérmico Medio-Superior del Pirineo (cuenca del Anayet) y del Alto Atlas (cuenca de Argana), pero no son habituales en otros magmatismos de edad Pérmico Medio-Superior del Tethys occidental (Cadenas Costero Catalanas, Córcega-Cerdeña y Sur de Francia), ni en el magmatismo Pérmico Inferior de la Cordillera Ibérica. Estas diferencias apoyan la presencia de un manto heterogéneo en el Tethys occidental durante el Pérmico

Vulcanismo cuaternario de la Isla Decepción (Antártida): Una signatura relacionada con la subducción de la Fosa de las Shetland del Sur en el dominio de tras-arco de la Cuenca de Bransfield

Deception Island shows a volcanism related to the Phoenix Plate subduction and roll-back under South Shet- land Block in the present times. The development of the island is related to the evolution and collapse of a volcanic caldera, and this study is focused on the petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the post-caldera rocks. We have made a study of the lava flows, dikes and the youngest historic eruption in 1970. These rocks range from dacite to rhyolite and have a microporphyritic texture with olivine and minor clinopyroxene. A pre-caldera basaltic andesite has also been studied. It has a microporphyritic texture with clinopyroxene.The intermediate and acid compositions alternating in the volcanostratigraphic sequence suggest either mafic recharge events or melt extraction from different levels in the deep magmatic system. All the studied compo- sitions share a subduction-related signature similar to other magmatics from the Bransfield Basin. However, compositional differences between pre-caldera and post-caldera rocks indicate a different magma source and depth of crystallisation. According to the geothermobarometric calculations the pre-caldera magmas started to crystallise at deeper levels (13.5–15 km) than the post-caldera magmas (6.2–7.8 km). Specifically, the post- caldera magmas indicate a smaller influence of the subducting slab in the southwestern part of the Bransfield Basin in respect to the available data from other sectors as well as the involvement of crustal contamination in the genesis of the magmas