Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) could be involved in the regulation of different
miRNAs related to metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: We analyzed the serum level of mir-let7a-5p,
mir-21, mir-590, mir-107 and mir-192 in patients with morbid obesity and its association with the MD
and MS. Results: There is an association between the adherence to MD and higher serum levels of
mir-590. Mir-590 was lower in those patients who consumed >2 commercial pastries/week. Mir-let7a
was lower in those who consumed ≥1 sweetened drinks, in those who consumed ≥3 pieces of
fruit/day and in those who consumed less red than white meat. A lower mir-590 and mir-let7a, and a
higher mir-192 level, were found in patients who met the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)
criterion of MS. A higher mir-192 was found in those patients who met the triglyceride criterion
of MS and in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conclusions: There is an association between
specific serum levels of miRNAs and the amount and kind of food intake related to MD. Mir-590 was
positively associated with a healthy metabolic profile and type of diet, while mir-192 was positively
associated with a worse metabolic profile. These associations could be suggestive of a possible
modulation of these miRNAs by food
