Degradasi Zat Warna Artifisial Limbah Tekstil dengan Advanced Oxidation Processes Menggunakan Katalis Nanopartikel Ce/Karbon

One of the innovation textile waste processing is advance oxidation processes using peroxymonosulfate and catalyst nanoparticle Ce/carbon. This study was aimed to decrease content of artificial dye waste and determined the optimum conditions by using catalyst nanoparticle Ce/carbon. Catalyst synthesis was processed in hydrothermal autoclave at temperature 1800C for 18 hours, it convert D-glucose into black carbon, then impregnated with catalyst metal Ce by 3% and 5% by weight, after that catalyst calcined by N2 at temperature 5000C for 4 hours. Adsorption of artificial dye textile waste was held 25 ppm for 2 hours with concentration of catalyst 0,4 gr/L. The optimum adsorption of artificial dye textile waste with catalyst concentration 0,4 gr/L was is 12,921 with adsorption percentage reached 48,32%

Flexible power grip use by capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Grasping behavior relies on both motor and cognitive skills. The variability of power grip actions in a reaching-for-grasping task has been assessed in capuchins monkeys (N=20). On average, each individual used more than five different grip types, revealing a flexible use of the hand and a preference for the use of the thumb in opposition to the other fingers. No evidence of hemispheric specialization was found, however action planning abilities varied as a function of age and task practice

New Magnetic Graphitized Carbon Black TiO2 Composite for Phosphopeptide Selective Enrichment in Shotgun Phosphoproteomics

Graphitized carbon black (GCB) has been employed for extraction of several classes of analytes, due to the large surface area and the unique chemistry of its surface groups that allows for extracting a wide range of analytes, including polar, acidic compounds. Despite the fact that structurally related materials, such as graphene, found application as hybrid-components in phosphoproteomics, surprisingly, GCB has never been used for the selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. For this purpose, in the present work we used GCB to prepare a magnetic composite with TiO2 (mGCB@TiO2) that was then applied to yeast total extracts. We exploited the high surface area provided by nanostructures, the presence of nano-TiO2 for selective binding of phosphopeptides, and the magnetic responsiveness of magnetite for solid-phase separation. The material was extensively characterized at each modification step by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and porosimetry. Next, the new system was applied for the enrichment of casein phosphopeptides from a simulated tryptic digest with bovine serum albumin (BSA:casein, 100:1). Finally, after assessing the potential applicability, the composite was employed for enriching phosphopeptides from yeast protein digests. This allowed us not only to optimize the enrichment protocol but also to fully compare its performance to commercial TiO2 spin columns. To achieve this aim, the optimized enrichment protocol was included in a typical shotgun proteomics analytical workflow based on nanoHPLC-MS/MS analysis

First molecular data of the Borneo Banteng Bos Javanicus lowi from Sabah, Borneo

Phylogenetic relationships among three subspecies of banteng, Burma banteng Bos javanicus birmanicus in mainland Southeast Asia, Javan banteng Bos javanicus javanicus in Java, and Bornean banteng Bos javanicus lowi in Borneo, and the presence/absence of interbreeding between wild Bornean banteng and domestic cattle in Sabah, Malaysia, were investigated by partial sequences of cytochrome b and D-loop of mitochondrial DNA. The results show that genetic distance of the Bornean banteng are relatively close to the gaur Bos gaurus/gayal Bos frontalis (the cytochrome b, 0.004–0.025; the D-loop, 0.012–0.021) followed by Burma banteng (the cytochrome b, 0.027–0.035; the D-loop, 0.040–0.045), and kouprey Bos sauveli (the cytochrome b, 0.031–0.035; the D-loop, 0.037–0.042). There are much greater distances between Bornean banteng and domestic cattle, Bos taurus and Bos indicus (the cytochrome b, 0.059–0.076; the D-loop, 0.081–0.090). These results suggest that the Bornean banteng diverged genetically from other banteng subspecies and that the wild Bornean banteng from this study are pure strain and have high conservation value

Diversity of mammalian species at natural licks in rain forest of Deramakot and their conservation

Natural licks are an important place for mammals to obtain mineral elements that are deficient in their diets. Although the tropical rain forests of Borneo are known for high mammalian diversity, little is known about the relationship between natural licks and mammals. To understand the use of natural licks by mammals and the role of natural licks to maintain the mammalian diversity and populations in Borneo, we conducted a field study in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah. Twenty-nine species of mammals out of the 37 species known in the forests of Deramakot irrespective of food type were recorded on the natural licks. The mammals came to the natural licks to drink water rather than to eat soil. Analysis of the water from the natural licks showed that the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium as well as pH were significantly higher than those of the controls (stream and soil water). Foliar analysis of animal diets showed that potassium was significantly higher than sodium in concentration. This study indicated that the mammals might come for the ingestion of minerals, especially sodium, to maintain internal sodium/potassium balance. The natural licks are hot spots of mammalian diversity in Borneo because a cascade of food web (herbivores to carnivores) is formed

Identifying the Racial Implicit Biases of Pre-service Teachers and Analyzing Their Impact on Students

Implicit biases reflect the unconscious beliefs and viewpoints held against populations of people that influence our interactions with others. The adverse impact of educators’ implicit biases on students influences disciplinary actions, setting expectations, and perpetuates the opportunity gap. Due to the implicitness of these biases, people are often unaware they exist, but the impact is apparent in disproportionate disciplinary and graduation rates of diverse populations of students. Pre-service teachers are entering the profession with limited understanding of how implicit biases form, how they are present in schools, and the negative effects of implicit biases on the lives of students. The study seeks to address these gaps in knowledge and misconceptions related to the themes of implicit bias by providing explicit instruction through concise presentations centering around aspects of implicit biases in K-12 public schools. With an awareness of implicit biases, educators and schools are provided with a greater ability to reevaluate harmful policies and actions that actively work against diverse populations of students

Quantifying loopy network architectures

Biology presents many examples of planar distribution and structural networks having dense sets of closed loops. An archetype of this form of network organization is the vasculature of dicotyledonous leaves, which showcases a hierarchically-nested architecture containing closed loops at many different levels. Although a number of methods have been proposed to measure aspects of the structure of such networks, a robust metric to quantify their hierarchical organization is still lacking. We present an algorithmic framework, the hierarchical loop decomposition, that allows mapping loopy networks to binary trees, preserving in the connectivity of the trees the architecture of the original graph. We apply this framework to investigate computer generated graphs, such as artificial models and optimal distribution networks, as well as natural graphs extracted from digitized images of dicotyledonous leaves and vasculature of rat cerebral neocortex. We calculate various metrics based on the Asymmetry, the cumulative size distribution and the Strahler bifurcation ratios of the corresponding trees and discuss the relationship of these quantities to the architectural organization of the original graphs. This algorithmic framework decouples the geometric information (exact location of edges and nodes) from the metric topology (connectivity and edge weight) and it ultimately allows us to perform a quantitative statistical comparison between predictions of theoretical models and naturally occurring loopy graphs.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures. During preparation of this manuscript the authors became aware of the work of Mileyko at al., concurrently submitted for publicatio

Quantitative predictions on auxin-induced polar distribution of PIN proteins during vein formation in leaves

The dynamic patterning of the plant hormone auxin and its efflux facilitator the PIN protein are the key regulator for the spatial and temporal organization of plant development. In particular auxin induces the polar localization of its own efflux facilitator. Due to this positive feedback auxin flow is directed and patterns of auxin and PIN arise. During the earliest stage of vein initiation in leaves auxin accumulates in a single cell in a rim of epidermal cells from which it flows into the ground meristem tissue of the leaf blade. There the localized auxin supply yields the successive polarization of PIN distribution along a strand of cells. We model the auxin and PIN dynamics within cells with a minimal canalization model. Solving the model analytically we uncover an excitable polarization front that triggers a polar distribution of PIN proteins in cells. As polarization fronts may extend to opposing directions from their initiation site we suggest a possible resolution to the puzzling occurrence of bipolar cells, such we offer an explanation for the development of closed, looped veins. Employing non-linear analysis we identify the role of the contributing microscopic processes during polarization. Furthermore, we deduce quantitative predictions on polarization fronts establishing a route to determine the up to now largely unknown kinetic rates of auxin and PIN dynamics.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, supplemental information included, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.