About the barotropic compressible quantum Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper we consider the barotropic compressible quantum Navier-Stokes equations with a linear density dependent viscosity and its limit when the scaled Planck constant vanish. Following recent works on degenerate compressible Navier-Stokes equations, we prove the global existence of weak solutions by the use of a singular pressure close to vacuum. With such singular pressure, we can use the standard definition of global weak solutions which also allows to justify the limit when the scaled Planck constant denoted by $\epsilon$ tends to 0

Description of Pairing correlation in Many-Body finite systems with density functional theory

Different steps leading to the new functional for pairing based on natural orbitals and occupancies proposed in ref. [D. Lacroix and G. Hupin, arXiv:1003.2860] are carefully analyzed. Properties of quasi-particle states projected onto good particle number are first reviewed. These properties are used (i) to prove the existence of such a functional (ii) to provide an explicit functional through a 1/N expansion starting from the BCS approach (iii) to give a compact form of the functional summing up all orders in the expansion. The functional is benchmarked in the case of the picked fence pairing Hamiltonian where even and odd systems, using blocking technique are studied, at various particle number and coupling strength, with uniform and random single-particle level spacing. In all cases, a very good agreement is found with a deviation inferior to 1% compared to the exact energy.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Immobilization of Infant Fecal Microbiota and Utilization in an in vitro Colonic Fermentation Model

Bacteria isolated from infant feces were immobilized in polysaccharide gel beads (2.5% gellan gum, 0.25% xanthan gum) using a two-phase dispersion process. A 52-day continuous culture was carried out in a single-stage chemostat containing precolonized beads and fed with a medium formulated to approximate the composition of infant chyme. Different dilution rates and pH conditions were tested to simulate the proximal (PCS), transverse (TCS), and distal (DCS) colons. Immobilization preserved all nine bacterial groups tested with survival rates between 3 and 56%. After 1 week fermentation, beads were highly colonized with all populations tested (excepted Staphylococcus spp. present in low numbers), which remained stable throughout the 7.5 weeks of fermentation, with variations below 1 log unit. However, free-cell populations in the circulating liquid medium, produced by immobilized cell growth, cell-release activity from gel beads, and free-cell growth, were altered considerably by culture conditions. Compared to the stabilization period, PCS was characterized by a considerable and rapid increase in Bifidobacterium spp. concentrations (7.4 to 9.6 log CFU/mL), whereas Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Clostridium spp. concentrations decreased and Staphylococcus spp. and coliforms increased during TCS and DCS. Under pseudo-steady-state conditions, the community structure developed in the chemostat reflected the relative proportions of viable bacterial numbers and metabolites generally encountered in infant feces. This work showed that a complex microbiota such as infant fecal bacteria can be immobilized and used in a continuous in vitro intestinal fermentation model to reproduce the high bacterial concentration and bacterial diversity of the feces inoculum, at least at the genera level, with a high stability during long-term experimen

Orbital-quenching-induced magnetism in Ba_2NaOsO_6

The double perovskite \bnoo with heptavalent Os ($d^1$) is observed to remain in the ideal cubic structure ({\it i.e.} without orbital ordering) despite single occupation of the $t_{2g}$ orbitals, even in the ferromagnetically ordered phase below 6.8 K. Analysis based on the {\it ab initio} dispersion expressed in terms of an Os $t_{2g}$-based Wannier function picture, spin-orbit coupling, Hund's coupling, and strong Coulomb repulsion shows that the magnetic OsO$_6$ cluster is near a moment-less condition due to spin and orbital compensation. Quenching (hybridization) then drives the emergence of the small moment. This compensation, unprecedented in transition metals, arises in a unified picture that accounts for the observed Mott insulating behavior.Comment: in press at Europhysics Letter

Trisomy 19 ependymoma, a newly recognized genetico-histological association, including clear cell ependymoma

Ependymal tumors constitute a clinicopathologically heterogeneous group of brain tumors. They vary in regard to their age at first symptom, localization, morphology and prognosis. Genetic data also suggests heterogeneity. We define a newly recognized subset of ependymal tumors, the trisomy 19 ependymoma. Histologically, they are compact lesions characterized by a rich branched capillary network amongst which tumoral cells are regularly distributed. When containing clear cells they are called clear cell ependymoma. Most trisomy 19 ependymomas are supratentorial WHO grade III tumors of the young. Genetically, they are associated with trisomy 19, and frequently with a deletion of 13q21.31-31.2, three copies of 11q13.3-13.4, and/or deletions on chromosome 9. These altered chromosomal regions are indicative of genes and pathways involved in trisomy 19 ependymoma tumorigenesis. Recognition of this genetico-histological entity allows better understanding and dissection of ependymal tumors

Finite element modelling of hybrid stabilization systems for the human lumbar spine

Intersomatic fusion is a very popular treatment for spinal diseases associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. The effects of three different hybrid stabilization systems on both range of motion and intradiscal pressure were investigated, as there is no consensus in the literature about the efficiency of these systems. Finite element simulations were designed to predict the variations of range of motion and intradiscal pressure from intact to implanted situations. After hybrid stabilization system implantation, L4-L5 level did not lose its motion completely, while L5-S1 had no mobility as a consequence of disc removal and fusion process. BalanC hybrid stabilization system represented higher mobility at the index level, reduced intradiscal pressure of adjacent level, but caused to increment in range of motion by 20% under axial rotation. Higher tendency by 93% to the failure was also detected under axial rotation. Dynesys hybrid stabilization system represented more restricted motion than BalanC, and negligible effects to the adjacent level. B-DYN hybrid stabilization system was the most rigid one among all three systems. It reduced intradiscal pressure and range of motion at the adjacent level except from motion under axial rotation being increased by 13%. Fracture risk of B-DYN and Dynesys Transition Optima components was low when compared with BalanC. Mobility of the adjacent level around axial direction should be taken into account in case of implantation with BalanC and B-DYN systems, as well as on the development of new designs. Having these findings in mind, it is clear that hybrid systems need to be further tested, both clinically and numerically, before being considered for common use

Clavos intramedulares vs. placas de osteosíntesis para fracturas de fémur. Análisis por elementos finitos

La estabilización interna de fracturas de la diáfisis femoral se realiza mediante la implantación de clavos intramedulares o placas de osteosíntesis. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una comparación biomecánica por elementos finitos de ambos implantes y así desarrollar una herramienta preclínica para guiar a los cirujanos en la elección del método de estabilización más adecuado para cada fractura. Se malló un fémur entero en el cual se practicó una fractura de 1mm ó 3mm en la diáfisis. Los modelos de placa y clavo se mallaron a partir de la geometría de los implantes, para el clavo se realizaron dos modelos con diámetros distintos (11 y 13 mm). El estudio incluye simulaciones en dos etapas de regeneración de la fractura (con modulo de elasticidad en la fractura de 1 MPa ó 10 MPa), con implantes de acero inoxidable y titanio. Las cargas aplicadas simulan el apoyo monopodal e incluyen la actuación de la cadera, y los músculos abductores, psoas ilíaco e iliotibial. Los resultados muestran que la tensión en los implantes aumenta con el tamaño de la fractura y disminuye con su módulo. Los clavos tienden a inducir más deformación en la fractura que las placas. El diámetro de los clavos influye en la tensión inducida en el hueso y en la deformación en la fractura, los resultados de los clavos más anchos tienden a los resultados de las placas

Fluid flow and polymetallic sulfide mineralization in the Kettara shear zone (Jebilet Massif, Variscan Belt, Morocco)

The Kettara shear zone is a regional wrench shear zone within the Jebilet massif of Western Morocco, part of the Variscan orogenic belt. This massif is characterized by bimodal magmatism, largely intrusive, and by a number of polymetallic massive sulfide deposits. A syntectonic mafic-ultramafic intrusion and an adjacent, deformed pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide deposit are located within a ‘compressional jog’ of the shear zone. Hydrothermal alteration in both the intrusion and the wall rocks adjacent to the deposit is characterized by syntectonic replacement processes leading to formation of chlorite-schists and quartz ± calcite veins. Fluid inclusions in mineralized (pyrrhotite-bearing) quartz veins from the wall rocks adjacent to the deposit and in veins associated with chlorite-schists within the intrusion indicate a prevalence of H2O-CO2-CH4-N2 and H2O-salt fluid systems. In the mineralized veins the fluid shows reducing conditions, with gas dominated by CH4 and N2 and salinities around 7.5 wt% NaCl, whereas in the chlorite shear zones fluid is CO2 dominated and salinities are higher than 23 wt% NaCl. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of chlorite and quartz are similar and demonstrate involvement of metamorphic water in both the deposit and the intrusion. The data are consistent with a regional metamorphic fluid flow through the Kettara shear zone. The migrating metamorphic fluids were reduced in the organic matter-rich host rocks leading to deposition of sulfides in the mineralized veins. There are two possible hypotheses for the origin of these mineralized veins: either they were formed during deformation and remobilization of a syn-sedimentary massive sulfide deposit, or they were formed synchronously with the sulfide deposit during development of the Kettara shear zone