La montée du niveau de la mer d'ici 2100

By at least 2100, humanity will have to face the inevitable phenomenon of rising sea levels. This phenomenon will increasingly affect the coastline and coastal areas where many populations and economic activities are concentrated. The vulnerability to submersion of this interface between land and sea is therefore very high, with increased exposure of delta areas, islands and coastal plains at low altitudes. Risk prevention is therefore a major issue for both public policies and private actors. As such, environmental science research must alert and provide tools to anticipate these developments and help provide solutions to reduce and manage the risks associated with this phenomenon. Using prospective analysis methods, and starting from the main IPCC projections, the authors explore the issues and consequences of several sea level rise scenarios by 2100. This approach aims to shed light on the many actors involved in these scenarios by focusing on support for public policies and research priorities. The book is aimed at actors and decision-makers, public and private, involved in the risks of sea level rise in mainland and overseas France, as well as the various media and the general public wishing to learn about the sea level. future of coastal areas

Évaluation des interventions du pharmacien dans trois secteurs cliniques différents (cardiologie, pneumologie et médecine interne) selon le modèle traditionnel et le modèle décrit dans la nouvelle offre de soins pharmaceutiques de l’IUCPQ-UL

oai:pharmactuel.journals.sfu.ca:article/1224Résumé Objectifs : Un nouveau modèle d’offre de soins pharmaceutiques basé sur une hiérarchisation des patients a été mis en place récemment à Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval. Cette étude visait à établir une comparaison de ce modèle avec le modèle traditionnel (sans égard à un ordre de priorité des usagers) et à déterminer les interventions pharmaceutiques qui n’auraient pas été faites pour ces mêmes patients selon le nouveau modèle.Méthode : Des soins pharmaceutiques selon le modèle traditionnel ont été dispensés au cours de l’étude pendant huit à dix jours dans trois unités de soins (15 à 25 lits ciblés par unité) en présence d’un seul pharmacien. Les interventions réalisées ont été relevées, puis catégorisées selon leur impact clinique et leur inclusion ou non dans la nouvelle offre de soins.Résultats : Les pharmaciens ont réalisé 200 interventions. Le nouveau modèle aurait permis de déceler près de 100 % (16/17) des interventions dont l’impact était majeur et 43 % (43/99) dont l’impact était significatif. L’impact de 84 interventions sur les 200 réalisées a été jugé mineur et 73 % de ces interventions (61/84) auraient été omises avec le nouveau modèle. Conclusion : Le nouveau modèle d’offre de soins pharmaceutiques sous sa forme actuelle cible adéquatement les interventions qui ont un impact clinique majeur et une partie des interventions qui ont un impact clinique significatif. Des ajustements sont à prévoir pour englober davantage d’interventions dont l’impact est significatif. Ce nouveau modèle fournit de solides assises pour une utilisation judicieuse des services du pharmacien qui dispense des soins pharmaceutiques dans un contexte de nécessité d’optimisation des ressources.AbstractObjectives: A new, patient prioritization-based model for pharmaceutical care was recently instituted at the IUCPQ-UL. This study was aimed at comparing this model with the conventional model (in which patient priority ranking is not a consideration) and identifying the pharmaceutical interventions that would not be performed for these patients in the new model.Method: Pharmaceutical care under the conventional model was dispensed during the study for 8 to 10 days in three care units (15 to 25 beds targeted per unit) in the presence of a single pharmacist. The interventions performed were recorded and then categorized according to their clinical impact and according to whether or not they are included in the new offer of care.Results: The pharmacists performed 200 interventions. Close to 100 % (16/17) of those with a major impact and 43% (43/99) of those with a significant impact were identified in the new model. Eighty-four of the 200 interventions performed were considered to have had a minor impact, and 73 % of these interventions (61/84) were not included in the new model. Conclusion: The current version of the new model of offering pharmaceutical care appropriately targets interventions with a major clinical impact and some of the interventions with a significant clinical impact. Adjustments will be needed to include more of the latter. It provides a solid basis for judicious pharmacist utilization in the provision of pharmaceutical care in a context where resource optimization is necessary

Portrait of Ependymoma Recurrence in Children: Biomarkers of Tumor Progression Identified by Dual-Color Microarray-Based Gene Expression Analysis

BACKGROUND: Children with ependymoma may experience a relapse in up to 50% of cases depending on the extent of resection. Key biological events associated with recurrence are unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To discover the biology behind the recurrence of ependymomas, we performed CGHarray and a dual-color gene expression microarray analysis of 17 tumors at diagnosis co-hybridized with the corresponding 27 first or subsequent relapses from the same patient. As treatment and location had only limited influence on specific gene expression changes at relapse, we established a common signature for relapse. Eighty-seven genes showed an absolute fold change ≥2 in at least 50% of relapses and were defined as the gene expression signature of ependymoma recurrence. The most frequently upregulated genes are involved in the kinetochore (ASPM, KIF11) or in neural development (CD133, Wnt and Notch pathways). Metallothionein (MT) genes were downregulated in up to 80% of the recurrences. Quantitative PCR for ASPM, KIF11 and MT3 plus immunohistochemistry for ASPM and MT3 confirmed the microarray results. Immunohistochemistry on an independent series of 24 tumor pairs at diagnosis and at relapse confirmed the decrease of MT3 expression at recurrence in 17/24 tumor pairs (p = 0.002). Conversely, ASPM expression was more frequently positive at relapse (87.5% vs 37.5%, p = 0.03). Loss or deletion of the MT genes cluster was never observed at relapse. Promoter sequencing after bisulfite treatment of DNA from primary tumors and recurrences as well as treatment of short-term ependymoma cells cultures with a demethylating agent showed that methylation was not involved in MT3 downregulation. However, in vitro treatment with a histone deacetylase inhibitor or zinc restored MT3 expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The most frequent molecular events associated with ependymoma recurrence were over-expression of kinetochore proteins and down-regulation of metallothioneins. Metallothionein-3 expression is epigenetically controlled and can be restored in vitro by histone deacetylase inhibitors

Increased serum levels of fractalkine and mobilisation of CD34+CD45− endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis

International audienceBackground: The disruption of endothelial homeostasis is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is reflected by soluble and cellular markers of activation, injury and repair. We aimed to provide a combined assessment of endothelial markers to delineate specific profiles associated with SSc disease and its severity

Macrophage IL-1β-positive microvesicles exhibit thrombo-inflammatory properties and are detectable in patients with active juvenile idiopathic arthritis

ObjectiveIL-1β is a leaderless cytokine with poorly known secretory mechanisms that is barely detectable in serum of patients, including those with an IL-1β-mediated disease such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Leukocyte microvesicles (MVs) may be a mechanism of IL-1β secretion. The first objective of our study was to characterize IL-1β-positive MVs obtained from macrophage cell culture supernatants and to investigate their biological functions in vitro and in vivo. The second objective was to detect circulating IL-1β-positive MVs in JIA patients.MethodsMVs were purified by serial centrifugations from PBMCs, or THP-1 differentiated into macrophages, then stimulated with LPS ± ATP. MV content was analyzed for the presence of IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, P2X7 receptor, and tissue factor (TF) using ELISA, Western blot, or flow cytometry. MV biological properties were studied in vitro by measuring VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin expression after HUVEC co-culture and factor-Xa generation test was realized. In vivo, MVs’ ability to recruit leukocytes in a murine model of peritonitis was evaluated. Plasmatic IL-1β-positive MVs were studied ex vivo in 10 active JIA patients using flow cytometry.ResultsTHP-1-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP released MVs, which contained NLRP3, caspase-1, and the 33-kDa precursor and 17-kDa mature forms of IL-1β and bioactive TF. IL-1β-positive MVs expressed P2X7 receptor and released soluble IL-1β in response to ATP stimulation in vitro. In mice, MVs induced a leukocyte peritoneal infiltrate, which was reduced by treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Finally, IL-1β-positive MVs were detectable in plasma from 10 active JIA patients.ConclusionMVs shed from activated macrophages contain IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and TF, and constitute thrombo-inflammatory vectors that can be detected in the plasma from active JIA patients

Randomized controlled study of the effect of a butter naturally enriched in trans fatty acids on blood lipids in healthy women123

Background: Whereas the negative effect of consuming trans fatty acids found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well established, the effect of trans fatty acids from ruminant sources (rTFAs) on CVD risk factors has not yet been established, particularly among women

MRM protein quantification and serum sample classification

Quantification and classification are key points for differential analysis of proteomic studies and diagnostic tests. A MRM analytical chain is a cascade of molecular events depicted by a graph structure, each node being associated to a molecular state such as protein, peptide or ion and each branch to a molecular processing. Each protein is associated to a set of transition measurements. One key question is how to infer the protein level and the class label. We propose to compare a hierarchical model based Bayesian Hierarchical Inversion combining all transitions and a non-linear processing based on logarithmic transformation of standardized peak value combined with a median filter. Classification performances are evaluated on a colorectal cancer cohort for LFABP and PDI biomarkers

Transcriptomic Coordination in the Human Metabolic Network Reveals Links between n-3 Fat Intake, Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Metabolic Health

Understanding the molecular link between diet and health is a key goal in nutritional systems biology. As an alternative to pathway analysis, we have developed a joint multivariate and network-based approach to analysis of a dataset of habitual dietary records, adipose tissue transcriptomics and comprehensive plasma marker profiles from human volunteers with the Metabolic Syndrome. With this approach we identified prominent co-expressed sub-networks in the global metabolic network, which showed correlated expression with habitual n-3 PUFA intake and urinary levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-iso-PGF2α. These sub-networks illustrated inherent cross-talk between distinct metabolic pathways, such as between triglyceride metabolism and production of lipid signalling molecules. In a parallel promoter analysis, we identified several adipogenic transcription factors as potential transcriptional regulators associated with habitual n-3 PUFA intake. Our results illustrate advantages of network-based analysis, and generate novel hypotheses on the transcriptomic link between habitual n-3 PUFA intake, adipose tissue function and oxidative stress