cDNA Sequence Encoding a Lysine-Rich H1 Histone of Cicer arietinum (Accession No. AJ006767).

The Electronic Plant Gene RegisterUnión Europe

Cold and salt stress regulates the expression and activity of a chickpea cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase

A cDNA clone encoding a cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD) was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from poly(A) RNA from epicotyls of 5-day-old Cicer arietinum L. etiolated seedlings after a differential screening to select clones whose expression decreases with epicotyl growth. Analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence showed all the typical structural motifs of plant cytosolic SODs (EC 1.15.1.1.). The expression of this clone is always higher in young and growing tissues than in old and storage ones, and diminishes throughout the development of the seedlings. Cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD activity is also higher in radicles and younger internodes. Under stress conditions only cold increases the gene expression whereas the activity is clearly raised up by a saline medium. The results are discussed in relation to the gene regulation and enzyme activity control that crop plants use to resolve the different stresses that reduce their productivity.This research was supported by grants from the Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científica (DGESIC), Spain (PB98-0290) and from the Junta de Castilla y León (SA105/01)

cDNA and Deduced Amino Acid Sequence of a Cytosolic Aldolase (Accession No. AJ005041) from Cicer arietinum L. Epicotyls.

The Electronic Plant Gene RegisterDirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnic

An S-Like Ribonuclease Is Expressed in Cicer arietinum Epicotyls (Accession No. AJ012689).

The Electronic Plant Gene RegisterDirección General de Enseñanza Superior e Investigación Científic

Isolation and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding a Nonspecific Lipid-Transfer Protein (Accession No. AJ002958) from Cicer arietinum L. Epicotyls.

The Electronic Plant Gene RegisterDirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnic

Specific tissue proteins 1 and 6 are involved in root biology during normal development and under symbiotic and pathogenic interactions in Medicago truncatula

Specifc tissue (ST) proteins have been shown to be involved in several processes related to plant nutritional status, development, and responses to biotic agents. In particular, ST1 and ST6 are mainly expressed in roots throughout plant development. Here, we analyze where and how the expression of the genes encoding both proteins are modulated in the legume model plant Medicago truncatula in response to the plant developmental program, nodulation induced by a benefcial nitrogen-fxing bacterium (Sinorhizobium meliloti) and the defense response triggered by a pathogenic hemibiotrophic fungus (Fusarium oxysporum). Gene expression results show that ST1 and ST6 participate in the vasculature development of both primary and lateral roots, although only ST6 is related to meristem activity. ST1 and ST6 clearly display diferent roles in the biotic interactions analyzed, where ST1 is activated in response to a N2-fxing bacterium and ST6 is up-regulated after inoculation with F. oxysporum. The role of ST1 and ST6 in the nodulation process may be related to nodule organogenesis rather than to the establishment of the interaction itself, and an increase in ST6 correlates with the activation of the salicylic acid signaling pathway during the infection and colonization processes. These results further support the role of ST6 in response to hemibiotrophic fungi. This research contributes to the understanding of the complex network that controls root biology and strengthens the idea that ST proteins are involved in several processes such as primary and lateral root development, nodule organogenesis, and the plant–microbe interaction

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The gene for a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase from Cicer arietinum is strongly expressed in elongating tissues

We have isolated a Cicer arietinum cDNA clone (CaXTH1)1 encoding a protein that belongs to the family 16 of glycosyl hydrolases and has all the conserved features of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH) proteins, including the presence of a highly conserved domain (DEIDFEFLG) and four Cys which suggest the potential for forming disulfide bonds. These facts indicate that CaXTH1 encodes a putative XTH. This chickpea protein showed a high level of sequence identity with group 1 XTHs that have xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity. CaXTH1 was selected by differential screening of a cDNA library constructed using mRNA from C. arietinum polyethylene glycol (PEG) treated epicotyls, as a clone whose expression decreased when epicotyl growth was inhibited by PEG. CaXTH1 shows an expression pattern that seems to be specific for growing tissue, mostly epicotyls and the growing internodes of adult stems. CaXTH1 mRNA was not detected in any other organs of either seedlings or adult plants. CaXTH1 mRNA was abundant when epicotyls are actively growing; there was almost no expression after PEG-treatment. CaXTH1 was up-regulated by indole acetic acid (IAA) and brassinolides (BR), showing the highest transcript levels after IAA plus BR treatment. In situ hybridization study revealed that CaXTH1 is mainly expressed in epidermal cells, the target of the cell expansion process, and also in vascular tissues. The present results suggest an involvement of the putative XTH encoded by CaXTH1 in the chickpea cell expansion process.This work was supported by grants from the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (DGICYT), Spain (BOS2002-01900) and the Junta de Castilla y León (SA124/04)

A family of β-galactosidase cDNAs related to development of vegetative tissue in Cicer arietinum

In the cell wall of Cicer arietinum epicotyls, there are a family of b-galactosidases, one of them named bIII-Gal is a b-galactosidase able to degrade cell wall pectins. The role of the remainder b-galactosidases has not been established. In this paper, we describe the cloning and expression pattern of a family of three C. arietinum b-galactosidase cDNAs (named CanBGal-1, CanBGal-4 and CanBGal-5) and we compare these results with the previously characterized CanBGal-3 cDNA clone, which encode the bIII-Gal. The shared amino acid sequence identity among the four b-galactosidase deduced proteins (named b-Gal, bIII-Gal, bIV-Gal and bV-Gal) ranged from 63% to 81%. All display the putative active site of family 35 of the glycosyl hydrolases. An unusual characteristic of one of the chickpea b-galactosidases (bI-Gal) is the presence at the C-terminus of the enzyme of a galactose binding lectin domain. The CanBGals gene expression along seedlings and adult plant could suggests different roles of their corresponding protein throughout the chickpea plant. The expression of CanBGal-5 is related to young and meristematic stages with high cell division rate, such as the meristematic hook, very young epicotyls, and apical internodes. By contrast, CanBGal-1 and -4 seem to be more strongly related to advanced stages of epicotyl growth, increasing their expression along epicotyl age, and also in basal non-elongating stem internodes. In adult plants, CanBGal-1 shows its highest expression levels in leaves, while CanBGal-4 seems to be better represented in adult roots. This is the first report about several members of the genomic family of b-galactosidases acting during development of vegetative organs.This work was supported by a Grant from the EC (CT972224) and a Grant from the Direccio´n General de Ensen˜anza Superior e Investigacio´n Cientı´fica, Spain (BOS2002-01900)