L’irrédentisme des valeurs dans le droit : la quête du fondement axiologique

Le droit possède une texture ouverte et téléologique. Il se présente comme un outil indispensable pour « consolider les choix de valeurs en permettant de les formaliser et de les mettre en oeuvre. Derrière le miroir du droit, se trouve, sous-jacents, les valeurs et les principes. Parfois confondues, ces deux notions sont intrinsèques à la notion même de droit, et servent de soubassement à la formulation de décisions judiciaires. On peut dire de ces notions qu’elles sont irrédentes, c’est-à-dire que, comme dans l’imaginaire politique italien du début du 20e siècle, les principes et les valeurs ne peuvent être séparés du corpus juridique, tout comme les terres irrédentes ne pouvaient être séparées de l’identité italienne.Abstract: Law possesses an open and teleological angle as it presents itself as an indispensible tool to consolidate the choice of values by formalizing them as well as putting them to use. Underlying behind the mirror of law, one finds values and principles. These two notions are intrinsic to the concept of law and therefore serve as the foundation of legal decisionmaking. One can say that these notions are irredentes, in other words, similar to the early 20th Century Italian political imagery, the principles and values cannot be separated from the judicial body, much like the irredente lands could not be separated from the Italian identity

Orthodontic treatment in patients with reduced periodontal insertion

The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to investigate orthodontic treatment in periodontal patients. Periodontal disease causes loss of attachment that results in pathological dental migration Periodontal disease can affect young persons and adults, with a higher incidence in adults, so that the number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment has increased significantly. The periodontal disease must be controlled before the orthodontic treatment begins, and during the treatment it is important to keep the patient motivated as regards control of oral hygiene, with periodical reviews by the periodontist. With regard to assembly of the fixed appliance, special care is required not to place the accessories close to the gingival margin, in addition to using light forces porportional to the amount of periodontal attachment, and kept within the biological limits of movement. Correction of the poorly positioned teeth and controlled orthodontic movement can favor remodeling of the alveolar process in all directions. After orthodontic treatment it is important plan containment individually. Integrated orthodontic-periodontal teamwork is essential for reestablishing a healthy periodontium and satisfactory occlusion

Les valeurs de l'Union européenne

L’Union européenne est, selon l’article 2 TUE, « fondée » sur des « valeurs » précisément identifiées. Le préambule de la Charte des droits fondamentaux dresse un constat similaire dans des termes quasiment identiques. Ces « valeurs » sont donc constitutionnellement indissociables de l’Union. L’affirmation juridique de cette dimension fondatrice est d’autant moins neutre qu’elle est systématiquement revendiquée. Elle renvoie à une recherche d’essentialité laissant supposer que l’Union accorde volontairement une place centrale à ses valeurs, ce que confirme l’analyse des grandes étapes de son histoire. Ce choix s’exprime concrètement dans différentes dispositions issues des traités constitutifs. Les valeurs exercent notamment une influence décisive sur des questions aussi fondamentales que celles de la définition des objectifs de l’Union (article 3 TUE), du prononcé d’éventuelles sanctions à l’encontre d’Etats membres qui menaceraient leur intégrité (article 7 TUE), de l’orientation des relations qu’elle tisse avec son voisinage (article 8 TUE), ou encore des modalités de l’éventuelle adhésion d’un Etat tiers à l’Union européenne (article 49 TUE). Au-delà de la portée symbolique, juridique et politique de ces différents thèmes, les valeurs participent en réalité à déterminer l’identité spécifique de l’Union européenne. Il convient alors de s’interroger quant à la traduction concrète de la dimension fondatrice des valeurs dans le projet d’intégration et, donc, d’éprouver la force des convictions communautaires. L’objet de la recherche vise à déterminer si la revendication d’une Union fondée sur des valeurs résiste à la rigueur de l’analyse scientifique ainsi qu’à la pression des faits. Afin de démontrer la consubstantialité et l’irréversibilité du lien que partagent l’Union européenne et ses valeurs, il est d’abord nécessaire de mettre en relief la vocation structurante et fonctionnelle des valeurs pour l’Union. Il reste ensuite à mesurer à quel point leur portée existentielle dépend de l’enjeu de leur protection, qu’elle soit politique, administrative ou juridictionnelle. Mots-clés : Valeurs, Principes, Identité, Adhésion à l’Union, Elargissements, Droit de retrait, Pluralisme, Adhésion à la CEDH, Crises, Etat de droit, Dialogue des juges.The European Union is, according to Article 2 TEU, "founded" on "values" precisely identified. The preamble of the Charter of Fundamental Rights draws a similar conclusion in almost identical terms. These "values" are inseparable from the EU under its primary law. The legal affirmation of this fundamental dimension is systematically claimed. It refers to a research of essentiality suggesting that the Union voluntarily gives a central place to its values, which confirms the analysis of the main stages of its history. This choice is expressed in various provisions of the founding Treaties. These values carry a decisive influence on fundamental issues such as the definition of the objectives of the Union (Article 3 TEU), the imposition of any sanctions against Member States that threaten their integrity (Article 7 TEU), the orientation of the relationships it forges with its neighbours (Article 8 TEU), and the terms of the possible accession of a state outside the European Union (Article 49 TEU). Beyond the symbolic, legal and political scope of these themes, the values determine the specific identity of the European Union. Thus, it is appropriate to question the concrete translation of the founding dimension of the values in the integration project and, therefore, to test the strength of community beliefs. The aim of the research is to determine whether a Union based on values can withstand the rigour of scientific analysis as well as the pressure of events. In order to demonstrate the consubstantial nature and the irreversibility of the link shared by the European Union and its beliefs, it is crucial to highlight the structural and functional vocation of the values for the Union. Lastly, their existential scope is yet to be assessed as this will depend from the level of their protection, whether political, administrative or judicial. Keywords: Values, Principles, Identity, Accession to the European Union, Enlargement, Right to withdraw, Pluralism, Accession to the ECHR, Crisis, Rule of law, Judicial dialogue

The Soviet Presence in the Mediterranean: A Short History

The presence of a significant Soviet naval force in the Mediterranean seems to represent a new element in international relations

New proofs of the Assmus-Mattson theorem based on the Terwilliger algebra

We use the Terwilliger algebra to provide a new approach to the Assmus-Mattson theorem. This approach also includes another proof of the minimum distance bound shown by Martin as well as its dual.Comment: 15 page

Setting up a Common European Asylum System : Report on the application of existing instruments and proposals for the new system

The study assesses firstly the evaluation process of the first generation of asylum instruments while underlining the possibilities to improve it. It analyses secondly the asylum "acquis" regarding distribution of refugees between Member States, the eligibility for protection, the status of protected persons regarding detention and vulnerability, asylum procedures and the external dimension by formulating short-term recommendations of each area. Its last part is devoted to the long term evolution of the Common European Asylum System regarding the legal context including the accession of the EU to the Geneva Convention, the institutional perspectives including the new European Support Office, the jurisdictional perspective, the substantive perspective, the distributive perspective and the external perspective

Amine Containing Analogs of Sulindac for Cancer Prevention

Background: Sulindac belongs to the chemically diverse family of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) that effectively prevent adenomatous colorectal polyps and colon cancer, especially in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Sulindac sulfide amide (SSA), an amide analog of sulindac sulfide, shows insignificant COX-related activity and toxicity while enhancing anticancer activity in vitro and demonstrating in vivo xenograft activity. Objective: Develop structure-activity relationships in the sulindac amine series and identify analogs with promising anticancer activities. Method: A series of sulindac amine analogs were designed and synthesized and then further modified in a “libraries from libraries” approach to produce amide, sulfonamide and N,N-disubstituted sulindac amine sub-libraries. All analogs were screened against three cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and breast). Results: Several active compounds were identified viain vitro cancer cell line screening with the most potent compound (26) in the nanomolar range. Conclusion: Compound 26 and analogs showing the most potent inhibitory activity may be considered for further design and optimization efforts as anticancer hit scaffolds