Impact of Na and K fertilization on Eucalyptus response to drought - integrative approach : S02T08

Eucalyptus is a fast growing tropical species depending strongly on environment, soil fertility and water supply. Potassium fertilization improves drought resistance and growth performance, but world resources decline while cost increases. Moreover, climate changes are expected to alter precipitation frequency and intensity, with increasing period of dry season. Consequently, drought is likely to increase in tropical area, mainly in regions with water deficiency during dry season. Therefore, genetic researches must develop efficient varieties in term of water and mineral uses, to respond to worldwide sustainable system and extend plantation on marginal zones. The potassium role in plant water regulation has still to be elucidated, alone or in combination with other micronutrients. Interestingly, sodium can partially replace it in some species such as Eucalyptus. In this context, we aim to study the impact of mineral fertilization on the Eucalyptus response to drought. A long term field experiment was set up in 2010 in Itatinga (SP, Brazil) to study E. grandis response to partial rainfall exclusion crossed with fertilization. Integrative approaches are developed to measure the Eucalyptus response on different tissues. Here we present two combined approaches to discriminate 2 years-old trees leaves according to the 6 treatments applied: 100% or 65% H2O with +K, +Na or no fertilization. Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) data were analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis. Our results showed leaf discrimination according to reduced and normal water supply, and secondly, to potassium, sodium fertilization and no fertilization. Fingerprinting metabolomic analysis (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) data were analyzed by using univariate statistical analysis to select the most significant metabolites. Then Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis were performed on the selected metabolites. As for NIRS, leaf samples were successfully discriminated according to the water treatments then to the fertilizations. Besides, we identified groups of metabolites according to the treatments, and we highlighted direct correlations between metabolites within treatments. These results are promising because data issued from field plant studies can be complex to analyze due to environmental artifacts. We optimized experimental conditions (field design, collect, sampling ...) and statistical approaches to reduce this noise. In the objective to improve our knowledge of Eucalyptus biology, integrative studies are in progress (omics, anatomy, wood properties,..), on leaves, cambium and wood, to highlight the Eucalyptus biological responses to mineral fertilization impact on water regulation. These studies will be beneficial to select adapted genotypes to marginal zones with reduced water and/or fertility. Work supported by Cirad, Esalq, Cnpq, Fapesp, Agropolis Fondation, Capes. (Texte intégral

Avaliacoes da infeccao de explantes de feijoeiro por Agrobacterium tumefaciens por meio de microscopia.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. e considerada recalcitrante a transformacao por Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Contudo, alteracoes no meio de co-cultivo, utilizacao de linhagens hipervirulentas de Agrobacterium e de vetores binarios contendo genes vir demostraram que o feijoeiro e susceptivel a essa bacteria. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da sonificacao nos tecidos vegetais de feijoeiro, bem como a penetracao da Agrobacterium nas camadas subepidermicas do tecido vegetal, usando a metodologia SAAT ("Sonification-Assisted Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation"). A variedade de feijoeiro utilizada foi a Olathe Pinto, a linhagem de A. tumefaciens foi LBA4404:pTOK.Os embrioes de feijao foram pre-tratados po 14 dias em meio de multibrotacao e, entao submetidos a sonificacao (de 0 ou 60 segundos) na presenca de Agrobacterium. Apos a inoculacao foram co-cultivados por 24 horas em meio liquido seguido de 48 horas em meio solido, ambos, contendo 20 m. L -1 de acetoceringona. Os explantes inoculados foram fixadas em solucao de Karnovsk para avaliacoes em microscopia optica e eletronica de varredura. As analises da microspia demostraram a presenca de rupturas na epiderme, quebras da parede celular e invasao da Agrobacterium nos tecidos subepidermicos. Os reultados demostraram que o metodo SAAT e uma tecnica viavel para a inoculcao de Agrobacterium em explantes de P. vulgaris.bitstream/CPAC-2010/23710/1/bolpd-04.pd

AlleleCoder: a PERL script for coding co-dominant polymorphism data for PCA

A useful biological interpretation of diploid heterozygotes is in terms of the dose of the common allele (0, 1 or 2 copies). We have developed a PERL script that converts FASTA files into coded spreadsheets suitable for principal component analysis. In combination with R and R Commander, two- and three-dimensional plots can be generated for visualizing genetic relationships. Such plots are useful for characterizing plant genetic resources. This method nicely illustrated the spectrum of genetic diversity in tomato landraces and the varieties categorized according to human-mediated dispersa

Light Ion Accelerating Line (L3IA): Test Experiment at ILIL-PW

The construction of a novel Laser driven Light Ions Acceleration Line(L3IA) is progressing rapidly towards the operation, following the recent upgrade of the ILIL-PW laser facility. The Line was designed following the pilot experimental activity carried out earlier at the same facility to define design parameters and to identify main components including target control and diagnostic equipment, also in combination with the numerical simulations for the optimization of laser and target parameters. A preliminary set of data was acquired following the successful commissioning of the laser system >100 TW upgrade. Data include output from a range of different ion detectors and optical diagnostics installed for qualification of the laser-target interaction. An overview of the results is given along with a description of the relevant upgraded laser facility and features.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 18 references, presented at the EAAC 201

Acceleration with Self-Injection for an All-Optical Radiation Source at LNF

We discuss a new compact gamma-ray source aiming at high spectral density, up to two orders of magnitude higher than currently available bremsstrahlung sources, and conceptually similar to Compton Sources based on conventional linear accelerators. This new source exploits electron bunches from laser-driven electron acceleration in the so-called self-injection scheme and uses a counter-propagating laser pulse to obtain X and gamma-ray emission via Thomson/Compton scattering. The proposed experimental configuration inherently provides a unique test-bed for studies of fundamental open issues of electrodynamics. In view of this, a preliminary discussion of recent results on self-injection with the FLAME laser is also given.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, 44 references - Channeling 2012 conferenc

Bone mineral density in patients on home parenteral nutrition: a follow-up study.

Home artificial nutrition

Evidence of resonant surface wave excitation in the relativistic regime through measurements of proton acceleration from grating targets

The interaction of laser pulses with thin grating targets, having a periodic groove at the irradiated surface, has been experimentally investigated. Ultrahigh contrast ($\sim 10^{12}$) pulses allowed to demonstrate an enhanced laser-target coupling for the first time in the relativistic regime of ultra-high intensity >10^{19} \mbox{W/cm}^{2}. A maximum increase by a factor of 2.5 of the cut-off energy of protons produced by Target Normal Sheath Acceleration has been observed with respect to plane targets, around the incidence angle expected for resonant excitation of surface waves. A significant enhancement is also observed for small angles of incidence, out of resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2nd version implements final correction

Self-consistent simulation of plasma scenarios for ITER using a combination of 1.5D transport codes and free-boundary equilibrium codes

Self-consistent transport simulation of ITER scenarios is a very important tool for the exploration of the operational space and for scenario optimisation. It also provides an assessment of the compatibility of developed scenarios (which include fast transient events) with machine constraints, in particular with the poloidal field (PF) coil system, heating and current drive (H&CD), fuelling and particle and energy exhaust systems. This paper discusses results of predictive modelling of all reference ITER scenarios and variants using two suite of linked transport and equilibrium codes. The first suite consisting of the 1.5D core/2D SOL code JINTRAC [1] and the free boundary equilibrium evolution code CREATE-NL [2,3], was mainly used to simulate the inductive D-T reference Scenario-2 with fusion gain Q=10 and its variants in H, D and He (including ITER scenarios with reduced current and toroidal field). The second suite of codes was used mainly for the modelling of hybrid and steady state ITER scenarios. It combines the 1.5D core transport code CRONOS [4] and the free boundary equilibrium evolution code DINA-CH [5].Comment: 23 pages, 18 figure

Carbon partitioning and export in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with altered capacity for sucrose synthesis grown at low temperature: a role for metabolite transporters

We investigated the role of metabolite transporters in cold acclimation by comparing the responses of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis thaliana (Heynh.) with that of transgenic plants over-expressing sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPSox) or with that of antisense repression of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPas). Plants were grown at 23 degrees C and then shifted to 5 degrees C. We compared the leaves shifted to 5 degrees C for 3 and 10 d with new leaves that developed at 5 degrees C with control leaves on plants at 23 degrees C. At 23 degrees C, ectopic expression of SPS resulted in 30% more carbon being fixed per day and an increase in sucrose export from source leaves. This increase in fixation and export was supported by increased expression of the plastidic triose-phosphate transporter AtTPT and, to a lesser extent, the high-affinity Suc transporter AtSUC1. The improved photosynthetic performance of the SPSox plants was maintained after they were shifted to 5 degrees C and this was associated with further increases in AtSUC1 expression but with a strong repression of AtTPT mRNA abundance. Similar responses were shown by WT plants during acclimation to low temperature and this response was attenuated in the low sucrose producing FBPas plants. These data suggest that a key element in recovering flux through carbohydrate metabolism in the cold is to control the partitioning of metabolites between the chloroplast and the cytosol, and Arabidopsis modulates the expression of AtTPT to maintain balanced carbon flow. Arabidopsis also up-regulates the expression of AtSUC1, and to lesser extent AtSUC2, as down-stream components facilitate sucrose transport in leaves that develop at low temperatures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio