Balancing the Competing Demands of Strategic Philanthropy: The Case of the Delaware River Watershed Initiative

Strategic philanthropy requires striking a balance between two extremes. On one side is unilateral agenda-setting by the foundation and excessive reliance on its own intellectual frameworks and methods. On the other side is too much deference to competing voices from the field, with the risk that funding will be haphazard and incoherent. This article describes how the Delaware River Watershed Initiative, supported by the William Penn Foundation, has struggled to position itself between these two extremes. Based on an evaluation conducted during the first four years of the initiative, the article examines four interrelated tensions: upfront planning versus emergent strategy, top-down versus bottom-up management, strategic focus versus opportunistic flexibility, and ambitious aspirations versus realistic expectations. After discussing how each of these tensions has played out as the initiative has evolved, the article concludes by suggesting that the role of evaluation in strategic philanthropy is not just to provide feedback on the progress of a strategy, but also to facilitate a learning process to help participants clarify their strategy by reconciling such tensions

Évaluation des méthodes particulaires pour l'étude et la génération d'un sillage de gouttes

Ces travaux de recherche présentent la construction d'un modèle de liquide particulaire en 2D dans le but de reproduire la génération d'un sillage de gouttes d'eau derrière une roue en rotation. La densité, la tension de surface, la compressibilité et la dynamique du liquide sont les paramètres physiques que l'étude tente de reproduire adéquatement lors des simulations. Les interactions radiales qui apparaissent entre les particules du liquide sont définies en transposant les liens intermoléculaires de l'eau à l'échelle mésoscopique. Les interactions transverses entre les particules sont représentées par un terme visqueux similaire à la viscosité dynamique [micro] des équations de Navier-Stokes. Ce modèle est utilisé afin d'étudier l'évolution de la collision entre deux gouttes de liquide de 500 [micromètres] de diamètre. Les résultats de ces simulations montrent que l'utilisation d'un modèle 2D restreint les modes de coalescence ou de séparation des gouttes à la suite de la collision. L'introduction d'une surface solide est réalisée en développant une fonction de paroi mathématique qui définit la force entre le liquide et le solide. L'ajustement de l'adhésion du liquide sur la paroi est réalisé en observant l'angle de mouillage d'une goutte de liquide déposée sur une surface plane. Finalement, l'atomisation de liquide par une roue en rotation est étudiée en utilisant une paroi circulaire en rotation traversant un film de liquide immobile sur une surface plane. Cette étude arrive à la conclusion qu'une approche particulaire permet la génération d'un nuage de gouttes derrière une roue en rotation. Cependant, ce type d'approche devrait être utilisé en 3D afin de mieux reproduire l'ensemble des propriétés physiques d'un liquide

Predicting Bulk Flow and Behaviour for Design and Operation of Handling and Processing Plants

The reliable design and operation of bulk materials handling and processing plants can be difficult when dealing with complex geometries and difficult-to-handle materials, such as wet and sticky ore. Often a lack of detailed analysis of bulk material flow and process boundary interactions can lead to costly mistakes which can typically be identified easily once in operation. These problems can occur due to inaccurate characterisation during design, miscalculation of particle trajectories and velocities, and a lack of engineering tools to thoroughly visualise and analyse material flow through complex dynamic designs. This paper investigates the application of DE (Discrete Element) simulation to bulk material plant design by identifying current issues and presenting new methods of calibration and length-scale/dynamic validation. Examples and a case study are presented to demonstrate the key issues of this paper

Couplage aérothermique et simulation de refroidissement par jet

Une méthode de couplage aérothermique développée pour des applications instationnaires est implémentée dans CEDRE, la plateforme de calcul de l'ONERA dédiée aux simulations multi-physiques d'écoulement en énergétique. Un premier cas de calcul d'intérêt industriel est présenté : une configuration de refroidissement de matériau par jet dédié, représentative de ventilations pouvant être utilisées notamment dans les cavités nacelles des moteurs d'avion. La comparaison avec l'expérience est tout à fait satifaisante et met en évidence l'importance de la précision des calculs effectués avec les deux solveurs couplés

Approaches to Styrenyl Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Polyene Xanthomonadin and its Analogues

A number of aryl building blocks for the synthesis of two xanthomonadin natural product pigments, as well as a related analogue, were accessed using a divergent hydroboration/bromoboration approach from a key alkynyl intermediate. A new approach towards substitution patterns around the ring was adopted following the isolation of an unexpected regioisomer from the bromination reaction. Potential coupling reactions onto these building blocks were explored, with a successful Sonogashira coupling performed on the key alkynyl intermediate, and with the key debrominated styrenyl boronate ester intermediate functionalised both by preliminary Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and by iododeboronation/Heck–Mizoroki coupling. Coupling reactions with brominated styrenyl intermediates proved much more challenging due to the instability of the intermediates to cross‐coupling, but some studies have shown promise

Observation of the 4π\pi-periodic Josephson effect in indium arsenide nanowires

Quantum computation by non-Abelian Majorana zero modes (MZMs) offers an approach to achieve fault tolerance by encoding quantum information in the non-local charge parity states of semiconductor nanowire networks in the topological superconductor regime. Thus far, experimental studies of MZMs chiefly relied on single electron tunneling measurements which leads to decoherence of the quantum information stored in the MZM. As a next step towards topological quantum computation, charge parity conserving experiments based on the Josephson effect are required, which can also help exclude suggested non-topological origins of the zero bias conductance anomaly. Here we report the direct measurement of the Josephson radiation frequency in InAs nanowires with epitaxial aluminium shells. For the first time, we observe the $4\pi$-periodic Josephson effect above a magnetic field of $\approx 200\,$mT, consistent with the estimated and measured topological phase transition of similar devices.Comment: Published version. Supplementary Information is available as ancillary file, raw data and calculations can be downloaded from http://dx.doi.org/10.4121/uuid:1f936840-5bc2-40ca-8c32-1797c12cacb

High-resolution modal analysis

Usual modal analysis techniques are based on the Fourier transform. Due to the Delta T . Delta f limitation, they perform poorly when the modal overlap mu exceeds 30%. A technique based on a high-resolution analysis algorithm and an order-detection method is presented here, with the aim of filling the gap between the low- and the high-frequency domains (30%<mu<100%). A pseudo-impulse force is applied at points of interests of a structure and the response is measured at a given point. For each pair of measurements, the impulse response of the structure is retrieved by deconvolving the pseudo-impulse force and filtering the response with the result. Following conditioning treatments, the reconstructed impulse response is analysed in different frequency-bands. In each frequency-band, the number of modes is evaluated, the frequencies and damping factors are estimated, and the complex amplitudes are finally extracted. As examples of application, the separation of the twin modes of a square plate and the partial modal analyses of aluminium plates up to a modal overlap of 70% are presented. Results measured with this new method and those calculated with an improved Rayleigh method match closely

No spin glass phase in ferromagnetic random-field random-temperature scalar Ginzburg-Landau model

Krzakala, Ricci-Tersenghi and Zdeborova have shown recently that the random field Ising model with non-negative interactions and arbitrary external magnetic field on an arbitrary lattice does not have a static spin glass phase. In this paper we generalize the proof to a soft scalar spin version of the Ising model: the Ginzburg-Landau model with random magnetic field and random temperature-parameter. We do so by proving that the spin glass susceptibility cannot diverge unless the ferromagnetic susceptibility does.Comment: 9 page