1,657 research outputs found
Non \ue8 pi\uf9 quella di una volta. La mafia e le attivit\ue0 estorsive in Sicilia
Il volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca volta alla descrizione dei fenomeni estorsivi e della loro intensit\ue0 in Sicilia, raccontando, sulla base di appositi parametri oggettivi e di valutazioni soggettive degli esponenti del mondo delle associazioni e delle forze dell\u2019ordine, le aree pi\uf9 esposte, quelle meno esposte, quelle dove i fenomeni hanno una rilevanza residuale, in una fase in cui i sodalizi mafiosi sono sempre pi\uf9 pressati dall\u2019azione di contrasto. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo ci si \ue8 avvalsi di strumenti qualitativi e dati quantitativi, approfondendo l\u2019analisi delle trasformazioni delle condotte estorsive durante la crisi, concentrandosi in modo specifico su casi emersi nell\u2019ambito di recenti inchieste giudiziarie. Il libro ricostruisce anche la prospettiva e le difficolt\ue0 di alcuni imprenditori siciliani che, dopo aver pagato il pizzo, hanno scelto di denunciare i propri estorsori e di collaborare con le istituzioni
Le scienze sociali e la Terza missione delle università
Alcune riflessioni sull'impatto delle scienze sociali sulla Terza Missione delle Universit
Detection of microplastic contamination in comercial insect meals.
Background: Escalating global plastic production, expected to reach 34,000 million tons
by 2050, poses a significant threat to human and environmental well-being, particularly in aquatic
ecosystems. Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP), which originate from the degradation of plastics, are of concern due to their potential bioaccumulation and uptake of pollutants. This study addresses identification methods and focuses on insect meal, a raw material for aquaculture feed.
Methods: By using different techniques, the study was able to detect MP and NP in insect meal
samples. Chemical digestion with KOH at 60 ◦C efficiently removed organic matter without affecting the synthetic polymer polyethylene (PE). Filtration, confocal Raman microscopy, SEM, and TEM
were used for comprehensive analysis, and integrity tests on PE films were performed using Ramanand FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed the presence of PE microplastic particles in the insect meal, which was confirmed by correlative Raman and SEM mapping on a positively charged surface.
In addition, the increased resolution of the Raman microscope identified submicrometric PE NP (800 nm). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed plastic-like structures in the insect meal, highlighting the presence of PE plastics characterized by irregular shapes and some agglomeration. The higher carbon concentration in the EDX analysis supported the plastic nature, which was also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy.
Conclusions: The study provides a robust method for the detection of MP and NP in insect meal and provides valuable insight into the possible presence of plastics in insect-based aquafeeds. The combination of different analytical methods increases the reliability of the results and sets the for future investigations that could focus on the quantification of NP and the assessment of their potential environmental impact
Mirtazapine in the treatment of essential tremor: an open-label, observer-blind study
Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder in the adult population. At present ET treatment shows limited efficacy, particularly in patients with severe and disabling symptoms. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine in an untreated ET patient population
Toxicological Findings of Self-Poisoning Suicidal Deaths: A Systematic Review by Countries
The use of illicit and non-illicit substances is widespread in suicides. The toxicological data may help in understanding the mechanism of death. This systematic review aimed to analyze autopsies related to suicides by consuming poison, focusing on the correlation between substance use and the country of origin to create an alarm bell to indicate that suicide maybe attempted and prevent it. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, with the primary objective of identifying autopsies conducted in cases of suicide by consuming poison in specific
geographic areas. Significant differences in substances were observed between low-income and Western countries that confirm previous literature data. In rural areas and Asian countries, most suicides by consuming poison involve the use of pesticides, such as organophosphates and carbamates. In Western countries, illicit drugs and medically prescribed drugs are the leading cause of suicide by self-poisoning. Future research should shed light on the correlation between social, medical, and demographic characteristics and the autopsy findings in suicides by self-poisoning to highlight the risk factors and implement tailored prevention programs worldwide. Performing a complete autopsy on a suspected suicide by self-poisoning could be essential in supporting worldwide public health measures and policy makers. Therefore, complete autopsies in such cases must be vigorously promoted
Basaltic Plinian eruptions at Las Sierras-Masaya volcano driven by cool storage of crystal-rich magmas
Although rare, basaltic Plinian eruptions represent a considerable volcanic hazard. The low viscosity of crystal-poor basaltic magma inhibits magma fragmentation; however, Las Sierras-Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, has produced multiple basaltic Plinian eruptions. Here, we quantify the geochemistry and volatile concentrations of melt inclusions in samples of the Fontana Lapilli and Masaya Triple Layer eruptions to constrain pre-eruptive conditions. Combining thermometry and geochemical modelling, we show that magma cooled to similar to 1000 degrees C prior to eruption, crystallising a mush that was erupted and preserved in scoriae. We use these data in a numerical conduit model, which finds that conditions most conducive to Plinian eruptions are a pre-eruptive temperature <1100 degrees C and a total crystal content >30 vol.%. Cooling, crystal-rich, large-volume basaltic magma bodies may be hazardous due to their potential to erupt with Plinian magnitude. Rapid ascent rates mean there may only be some minutes between eruption triggering and Plinian activity at Masaya
Rapporto sullo sviluppo delle reti FLAME Etna e Stromboli, per la misura del flusso SO2, durante il periodo 2005 – 2009
Determining the Effect of Varying Magmatic Volatile Content on Lunar Magma Ascent Dynamics
From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2021-05-05, rev-recd 2021-09-03, accepted 2021-10-01, pub-electronic 2021-10-29, pub-print 2021-11Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: UKRI, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271; Grant(s): ST/S505560/1, ST/M001253/1Funder: Royal Society; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288; Grant(s): URF\R\201009Funder: Leverhulme Trust; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275; Grant(s): RPG‐2019‐222)Funder: RCUK NERC DisEqm project, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270; Grant(s): NE/N018575/1Abstract: The Moon is not volcanically active at present, therefore, we rely on data from lunar samples, remote sensing, and numerical modeling to understand past lunar volcanism. The role of different volatile species in propelling lunar magma ascent and eruption remains unclear. We adapt a terrestrial magma ascent model for lunar magma ascent, considering different compositions of picritic magmas and various abundances of H2, H2O, and CO (measured and estimated) for these magmas. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to investigate the relationship between selected input parameters (pre‐eruptive pressure, temperature, conduit radius, and volatile content) and given outputs (exit gas volume fraction, velocity, pressure, and mass eruption rate). We find that, for the model simulations containing H2O and CO, CO was more significant than H2O in driving lunar magma ascent, for the range of volatile contents considered here. For the simulations containing H2 and CO, H2 had a similar or slightly greater control than CO on magma ascent dynamics. Our results showed that initial H2 and CO content has a strong control on exit velocity and pressure, two factors that strongly influence the formation of an eruption plume, pyroclast ejection, and overall deposit morphology. Our results highlight the importance of (a) quantifying and determining the origin of CO, and (b) understanding the abundance of different H‐species present within the lunar mantle. Quantifying the role of volatiles in driving lunar volcanism provides an important link between the interior volatile content of the Moon and the formation of volcanic deposits on the lunar surface
An unloading foam model to constrain Etna’s 11–13 January 2011 lava fountaining episode
The 11–13 January 2011 eruptive episode at Etna volcano occurred after several months
of increasing ash emissions from the summit craters, and was heralded by increasing
SO2 output, which peaked at ∼5000 megagrams/day several hours before the start of the
eruptive activity. The eruptive episode began with a phase of Strombolian activity from a pit
crater on the eastern flank of the SE‐Crater. Explosions became more intense with time
and eventually became transitional between Strombolian and fountaining, before moving
into a lava fountaining phase. Fountaining was accompanied by lava output from the lower
rim of the pit crater. Emplacement of the resulting lava flow field, as well as associated lava
fountain‐ and Strombolian‐phases, was tracked using a remote sensing network comprising
both thermal and visible cameras. Thermal surveys completed once the eruptive episode
had ended also allowed us to reconstruct the emplacement of the lava flow field. Using a high
temporal resolution geostationary satellite data we were also able to construct a detailed
record of the heat flux during the fountain‐fed flow phase and its subsequent cooling. The
dense rock volume of erupted lava obtained from the satellite data was 1.2 × 106 m3; this
was emplaced over a period of about 6 h to give a mean output rate of ∼55 m3 s−1. By
comparison, geologic data allowed us to estimate dense rock volumes of ∼0.85 × 106 m3
for the pyroclastics erupted during the lava fountain phase, and 0.84–1.7 × 106 m3 for
lavas erupted during the effusive phase, resulting in a total erupted dense rock volume of
1.7–2.5 × 106 m3 and a mean output rate of 78–117 m3 s−1. The sequence of events and
quantitative results presented here shed light on the shallow feeding system of the volcano
Major eruptive style changes induced by structural modifications of a shallow conduit system: the 2007–2012 Stromboli case
Stromboli is known for its mild, persistent explosive
activity from the vents located within the summit crater
depression at the uppermost part of the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF)
depression. Effusive activity (lava flows) at this volcano normally
occurs every 5–15 years, involving often the opening of
eruptive fissures along the SdF, and more rarely overflows
from the summit crater. Between the end of the 2007 effusive
eruption and December 2012, the number of lava flows inside
and outside the crater depression has increased significantly,
reaching a total of 28, with an average of 4.8 episodes per year.
An open question is why this activity has become so frequent
during the last 6 years and was quite rare before. In this paper,
we describe this exceptional activity and propose an interpretation
based on the structural state of the volcano, changed
after the 2002–2003 and even more after the 2007 flank
effusive eruption. We use images from the Stromboli fixed
cameras network, as well as ground photos, plume SO2 and
CO2 fluxes released by the summit crater, and continuous
fumarole temperature recording, to unravel the interplay
between magma supply, structural and morphology
changes, and lava flow output. Our results might
help forecast the future behaviour and hazard at
Stromboli and might be applicable to other openconduit
volcanoes.partially supported by the Project
INGV-DPC Paroxysm V2/03, 2007–2009 funded by the Istituto
Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and the Italian Civil ProtectionPublished8413V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttiviJCR Journalrestricte
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