Equinococose cística no sul do Brasil

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is very common in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul State where sheep and cattle raising is the most important economical activity. Prevalence in intermediate hosts is well known due to reports in slaughterhouses while human reports are of discussed value. This is due to underreporting of cases and few epidemiological studies make it difficult to assess the situation of echinococcosis in the population. Whereas cattle infection rate is more or less stable around 12% of the slaughter animals, in sheep there has been an increasing number in the last five years. Some efforts have been done to control the zoonosis but no effective results were obtained so far. Probably educational efforts to change human practices (feeding dogs with raw viscera), periodic treatment of dogs with praziquantel and joined actions with slaughterhouses could bring more attention to improve some control measures.A equinococose cística (CE) é muito comum na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde a criação de bovinos e ovinos representa a maior atividade econômica. A prevalência nos hospedeiros intermediários é bem conhecida devido aos registros em frigoríficos enquanto que os casos humanos apresentam dados discutíveis e de difícil interpretação. Isto é devido a subnotificação e os poucos estudos epidemiológicos tornam difícil a avaliação da equinococose na população. Enquanto que a prevalência em bovinos estabilizou ao redor de 12% de animais abatidos na última década, em ovelhas está ocorrendo um aumento nos últimos cinco anos. Algumas tentativas estão sendo feitas para controlar esta zoonose mas não tem sido obtidos resultados práticos até agora. Provavelmente ações educativas que alterem comportamentos humanos (alimentação de cães com vísceras cruas), tratamento periódico dos cães com praziquantel e ações junto a frigoríficos poderiam resultar em incremento nas medidas de controle devido às perdas econômicas mensuráveis

Analysis of resonant responses of split ring resonators using conformal mapping techniques

We report a novel method for modeling the resonant frequency response of infra-red light, in the range of 2 to 10 microns, reflected from metallic spilt ring resonators (SRRs) fabricated on a silicon substrate. The calculated positions of the TM and TE peaks are determined from the plasma frequency associated with the filling fraction of the metal array and the equivalent LC circuit defined by the SRR elements. The capacitance of the equivalent circuit is calculated using conformal mapping techniques to determine the co-planar capacitance associated with both the individual and the neighbouring elements. The inductance of the equivalent circuit is based on the self-inductance of the individual elements and the mutual inductance of the neighboring elements. The results obtained from the method are in good agreement with experimental results and simulation results obtained from a commercial FDTD simulation software package. The method allows the frequency response of a SRR to be readily calculated without complex computational methods and enables new designs to be optimised for a particular frequency response by tuning the LC circuit

Prohibiting Good Faith Reports Under the Uniform Mediation Act: Keeping the Adjudication Camel out of the Mediation Tent

This symposium article examines a narrow slice of the Uniform Mediation Act - the prohibition on mediator communication to judges about a party\u27s good faith participation or problem behavior in mediation

Multi-conjugate adaptive optics with hybrid laser beacon systems

Results for a multi-conjugate adaptive optical (MCAO) system with multiple laser beacons at multiple altitudes are presented in this paper. The use of multi-conjugate deformable mirrors (DM's) increases the corrected field of view of an adaptive optical telescope system. This improves the imaging capability for extended astronomical objects such as planets, galaxies, and nebulae. Multiple laser beacons, as opposed to multiple natural guide stars, are needed to achieve a useful degree of sky coverage. The use of laser beacons at multiple altitudes in a hybrid laser beacon configuration has been shown in previous papers to reduce both focus and tilt anisoplanatism. In this study we combine all three of these aspects. The hybrid beacon scenarios used in this study consists of multiple high altitude sodium beacons at 90 km and/or multiple low altitude Rayleigh beacons at 10 to 20 km. We present results for an 8-m class telescope for 2 and 3 different DM conjugate altitudes. For each of these MCAO configurations the following parameters are varied: number of Rayleigh beacons, number of Rayleigh beacon wavefront sensor (WFS) subapertures, Rayleigh beacon altitudes for the Rayleigh/sodium configuration, number of natural beacons for tip/tilt correction, and number of natural beacon WFS subapertures. When the WFS subaperture for the natural beacon is greater than 1 x 1 it contributes to the higher order correction in addition to being used for tip/tilt correction. Results are compared in terms of Strehl Ratio for the J, H, and K band

Removal of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) from synapses is preceded by transient endocytosis of extrasynaptic AMPARs

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are dynamically regulated at synapses, but the time course and location of their exocytosis and endocytosis are not known. Therefore, we have used ecliptic pHluorin-tagged glutamate receptor 2 to visualize changes in AMPAR surface expression in real time. We show that synaptic and extrasynaptic AMPARs respond very differently to NMDA receptor activation; there is a rapid internalization of extrasynaptic AMPARs that precedes the delayed removal of synaptic AMPARs

Beyond just reading the words: Interacting with text using literature response journals

This paper describes a ten-session professional development project on the effective use of literature response journals intended for teachers of kindergarten through sixth grade students. Beginning with an in-depth literature review on reader response theory and research on the practical application of reader response theory in the classroom, the project provides a rationale for the importance of the use of literature response journals to increase students\u27 reading comprehension. The project sessions are designed to guide teachers through reader response theory into effective implementation of literature response journals in the classroom over time

Novos dados sobre Echinococcus spp. no sul do Brasil

40 Echinococcus isolates from sheep and cattle in Southern Brazil were genetically analysed in order to obtain further data on the presence of different taxa of the Echinococcus granulosus complex. Differentiation was done using a PCR technique and sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1). Most samples (38) could be allocated to the sheep strain (G1) of E. granulosus, while two samples belonged to E. ortleppi, previously known as cattle strain (G5) of E. granulosus. Due to the shorter prepatent period in dogs of the latter taxon, this records have important implications for the design of control measures in this endemic region.Quarenta isolados de Echinococcus provenientes de ovinos e bovinos do sul do Brasil foram analisados geneticamente com o objetivo de obter dados a respeito das diferentes cepas dentro do gênero Echinococcus granulosus. A diferenciação foi feita empregando-se a técnica de PCR a o seqüenciamento da subunidade 1 da citocromo c oxidase (CO1). A maior parte das amostras (38) pôde ser alocada na cepa ovina (G1) enquanto duas amostras pertenceram ao gênero E. ortleppi, anteriormente conhecido como cepa bovina (G5) do E. granulosus. Devido ao menor período pré-patente em cães deste último gênero ressalta-se a importância do presente registro devido às implicações no delineamento de medidas de controle nesta região endêmica

Tunable delay lines in silicon photonics: coupled resonators and photonic crystals, a comparison

In this paper, we report a direct comparison between coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) and photonic crystal waveguides (PhCWs), which have both been exploited as tunable delay lines. The two structures were fabricated on the same silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technological platform, with the same fabrication facilities and evaluated under the same signal bit-rate conditions. We compare the frequency- and time-domain response of the two structures; the physical mechanism underlying the tuning of the delay; the main limits induced by loss, dispersion, and structural disorder; and the impact of CROW and PhCW tunable delay lines on the transmission of data stream intensity and phase modulated up to 100 Gb/s. The main result of this study is that, in the considered domain of applications, CROWs and PhCWs behave much more similarly than one would expect. At data rates around 100 Gb/s, CROWs and PhCWs can be placed in competition. Lower data rates, where longer absolute delays are required and propagation loss becomes a critical issue, are the preferred domain of CROWs fabricated with large ring resonators, while at data rates in the terabit range, PhCWs remain the leading technology

Self-Similar Corrections to the Ergodic Theorem for the Pascal-Adic Transformation

Let T be the Pascal-adic transformation. For any measurable function g, we consider the corrections to the ergodic theorem sum_{k=0}^{j-1} g(T^k x) - j/l sum_{k=0}^{l-1} g(T^k x). When seen as graphs of functions defined on {0,...,l-1}, we show for a suitable class of functions g that these quantities, once properly renormalized, converge to (part of) the graph of a self-affine function. The latter only depends on the ergodic component of x, and is a deformation of the so-called Blancmange function. We also briefly describe the links with a series of works on Conway recursive $10,000 sequence.Comment: version to appear in Stochastics and Dynamics. We added a discussion on the links with Conway 10,000$ recursive sequenc