Desde Andalucita a Zincosita: un recorrido por los minerales descubiertos en España

We study the 27 minerals found in Spain up to now comparing these achievements to the ones of other countries. These minerals are classified into three types according to the «Intemational Mineralogical Association» (IMA), G (grandfather), A (approved) and R (redefined), including the vicissitudes of every finding. It is also described the protocol used to pursue a new approval to the «Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names» (CNMMN).Se estudian los 27 minerales descubiertos hasta el momento en España comparando estos logros con los conseguidos en otros países. Se clasifica a los minerales de acuerdo con la «International Mineralogical Association» (IMA) en minerales G (grandfather), minerales A (approved) y minerales R (redefined), comentando algunas vicisitudes de su descubrimiento. Se describe el protocolo para solicitar a la «Commission on New Minerals and Mine-ral Names» (CNMMN) la aprobación de un nuevo mineral

Laumontita y Prehnita en la formación submarina del Complejo Basal de La Palma, Islas Canarias

Una zeolita perteneciente a la formación volcánica submarina del Complejo Basal de la isla de La Palma se ha caracterizado tanto por microsonda electrónica como por microscopía óptica, difracción de Rayos X, análisis térmico diferencial, termogravimetría y espectroscopía de infrarrojos. Los datos analíticos obtenidos confirman la identidad de esta zeolita como laumontita, que hasta el presente no se había citado en la formación antes citada. Asociada a la laumontita se encuentra también el mineral prehnita. Se ha construido un diagrama de actividad para los tres componentes: aSiO4H4, aCA++ y aH+ en el intervalo de temperatura de los 25 a los 300ºC. En él se representan los campos de estabilidad de heulandita, prehnita, laumontita, calcita y cuarzo. Este diagrama, junto con los diagramas de solubilidad de prehnita y laumontita nos ha permitido estimar las condiciones de formación de la paragénesis laumontita-prehnita-calcita existente en las muestras estudiadas

Sedation for Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures in the Elderly: Getting Safer but Still Not Nearly Safe Enough

Previously published UK reports showed that excessively large doses of benzodiazepines and opiates were being commonly used to sedate elderly patients for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. This unsafe practice has lead to avoidable morbidity and mortality. We have taken the opportunity provided by recent reports to examine whether GI endoscopy sedation practice in the elderly has improved in the light of this evidence and the publication of guidelines in which specific recommendations on sedation dosage are given

Potential reactivity of the andesitic rocks from Cabo de Gata (SE Spain)

8 páginas, 4 figuras, 3 tablas.[ES] Las rocas andesíticas producen una reacción álcalis-sílice con los componentes de la fase intersticial del hormigón. Esta reacción puede encuadrarse dentro de las de cinética lenta, ya que la disolución incongruente de los minerales constituyentes de las rocas, da lugar a la formación tardía de geles silicocalco- alcalinos. En consecuencia, la utilización convencional del método de ensayo de barras de mortero no detecta la reacción hasta transcurridos al menos 90 días.[EN] Andesitic rocks produce an alkali-silica reaction with the components of the interstitial phase of concrete. This reaction can be considered as belonging to the slow-kinetic type, since the incongruent dissolution of the rock-forming minerals leads to the late formation of siliceous calc-alkaline gel. As a conquence, the conventional mortar-bar method does not detect such reaction until 90 days later.Peer reviewe

Induction of stimulative parthenocarpy in Vitis vinifera L.

Stimulative parthenocarpy was induced in two varieties of Vitis vinifera L. Flame Tokay and Rose Muscat (local variety) out of eight varieties studied.In F l a m e T o k a y the delay or inhibition of bhe abscission of the calyptra and parthenocarpic development of the berries, was obtained with pre-bloom treatments (3 days before beginning of bloom) of 4CPA 30 ppm + KGA3 30 ppm. Induction and growth ,of parthenocarpic berries was most pronounced after post-bloom sprays (7 days after the end of bloom) with BA 1500 ppm + KGA3 80 ppm or 4CPA 30 ppm. A parthenocarpic development of the berries was also obtained with postbloom treatments of KGA3 at concentrations of 50 to 100 ppm. BA (Benzyladenine) alone had only a slight effect on the development of parthenocarpic berries. However, the results were surprisingly satisfactory when applied in combination with gibberellin (KGA3 80 ppm) or auxins. Treatments at bloom or after bloom with BA 800 ppm + KGA3 80 ppm increased bhe number of berries and cluster weight. Applications of BA 800 ppm + KGA3 80 ppm to Rose Musca t at the beginning of bloom resulted in clusters with practically all berries seedless. The artificially accelerated growth of the berries may provoke abortion of all the recently fecundated ovules and the non viability of the not fecundated ones. Clusters of the treated plants with an average of 520 flowers originated 501 parbhenocarpic berries (96%), whereas the control with an average 635 flowers per cluster gave a percentage of seeded + seedless berries of 14% only {95 berries per cluster). BA applied with auxin or gibberellin-like substances in full-bloom or after bloom produced seedless berries, which were smaller in size than the seeded berries of unsprayed clusters