Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction in a Brazilian university sample during the COVID-19 pandemic

We investigated the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) and associated factors among professors and undergraduate students in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Stunkard’s Figure Rating Scale, BID was analyzed in a sample of 2,220 adults. The independent variables were sociodemographic, lifestyle, mental health symptoms, COVID-19-related factors, disordered eating, experience of weight stigma, and weight change concerns. We used a multinomial logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of BID was 82.5% (69.0% due to excess weight), with more professors dissatisfied by excess weight than undergraduate students (78.9% vs. 61.2%, p < 0.001). In the adjusted model, being a young adult (PR, 1.201, 95% CI: 1.128; 1.279), married or in a stable union (PR, 1.088, 95% CI: 1.027; 1.152), reporting of binge eating episode (PR, 1.120, 95% CI: 1.068; 1.173), concern about weight gain (PR, 1.394, 95% CI: 1.310; 1,483), and experience of excess weight stigma (PR, 1.193, 95% CI: 1.141; 1.248) increased the prevalence of BID due to excess weight. While males (PR, 1.578, 95% CI: 1.328; 1.875), moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PR, 1.217, 95% CI: 1.011; 1.465), the concern of losing weight (PR, 1.494, 95% CI: 1.221; 1.830), and experience of low weight stigma (PR, 2.620, 95% CI: 2.093; 3.280) increased the prevalence of BID due to low weight. Different factors associated with BID were observed between students and professors. Bearing in mind the complexity of body image, it is essential to consider different public health interventions and the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on reducing BID among Brazilian adults, especially susceptible groups

Propriedades da Cannabis e uso de canabinóides no tratamento neurológico

Introdução: A pessoa física pode realizar a compra por problemas de saúde como Alzheimer, Parkinson, dor neuropática, epilepsia, esclerose múltipla, síndrome de Tourette, distúrbios neurodegenerativos e transtornos psiquiátricos. Dessa forma, o CBD e THC são os ativos no sistema endocanabinóide e seus receptores. Objetivo: Descrever as propriedades da Cannabis e o uso de canabinóides para  o  tratamento  de  doenças  neurológicas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura, de modo que a estratégia para elaboração do tema e questão norteadora foi a PICO, identificando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão junto às bases de dados e descritores. Desenvolvimento: É um sistema endógeno de sinalização celular com amplos efeitos neuromoduladores e inibição retrógrada do ácido gama-aminobutírico (GABA) e liberação de glutamato. Além de estimular os receptores CB (CB1 e CB2) acoplados à proteína G. O CB1 reduz a hiperalgesia e a alodinia nas regiões periféricas do corpo. O CB2, por outro lado, é encontrado em macrófagos, linfócitos T e B, células NK e monócitos, na antinocicepção, inibe a atividade neural no corno dorsal através da diminuição da atividade da fibra C. Já o 9-THC foi desenvolvido como droga antiepiléptica pelos efeitos psicotrópicos, cognitivos e comportamentais, porém possui um potente efeito antiinflamatório e é um agonista parcial dos receptores CB1/CB2. Conclusão: O mecanismo de ação e as propriedades da Cannabis são fundamentais no tratamento de doenças neurológicas por meio do controle de dor e redução das manifestações dos sintomas na progressão das enfermidades, proporcionando qualidade de vida aos pacientes

Avaliação da eficácia da realidade virtual na exposição gradual no tratamento de fobias específicas: análise de revisão sistemática

A eficácia da realidade virtual na exposição gradual no tratamento de fobias específicas representa um avanço significativo na abordagem terapêutica desses transtornos. A combinação da realidade virtual com abordagens terapêuticas tradicionais oferece uma alternativa inovadora, superando limitações do tratamento convencional e proporcionando resultados promissores na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que sofrem de fobias. Trata-se de um estudo cujo objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia da realidade virtual na exposição gradual no tratamento de fobias específicas. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Medline. A partir da análise de dados, concluiu-se que a aplicação da realidade virtual na exposição gradual apresenta eficácia no tratamento de fobias específicas. A utilização dessa abordagem terapêutica demonstrou impacto positivo na redução de sintomas fóbicos, na modificação de cognições distorcidas associadas ao medo e no fortalecimento do senso de autoeficácia dos participantes. A imersão virtual proporcionou um ambiente controlado para que os indivíduos pudessem enfrentar gradualmente suas fobias, resultando em melhorias notáveis. No entanto, é importante considerar as limitações do estudo, como o tamanho da amostra, a ausência de um grupo controle e a falta de uma reavaliação a longo prazo, ressaltando a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para validar e aprimorar as abordagens terapêuticas baseadas em realidade virtual

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora