Teritorijalnost kao globalna koncepcija

The terraqueous globe is made up of spaces on which peoples, ethnic groups, races, and nations have carved out territories over which they form themselves into sovereign bodies politic, on which they can interact, through and across which they can pass with ease or difficulty, at the borders of which they can erect barriers or open the area to migrants and trade. Hence, I propose territoriality as the successor concept to social distance and as both a basic concept and a fundamental process in all of human life.Kopneni i vodeni svijet sačinjen je od prostora na kojima su akteri, etničke skupine, rase i nacije izgradili teritorije te se ondje uspostavili kao suverena politička tijela. Teritoriji su prostori interakcije, uspješnog ili manje uspješnog igranja uloga — prostori na čijim se granicama podižu prepreke ili otvaraju vrata migrantima i trgovini. Autor, stoga, predlaže koncepciju teritorijalnosti kao nasljednicu pojma socijalna distanca te kao temeljnu kategoriju i, ujedno, fundamentalni proces društvenog života

Social Movements and Civil Society: A Theory of Social Process in the American Commonwealth

U radu je prikazan razvoj američke sociologije. Osnovna teza je da je američka sociologija nastala kao zamjena za religiozno protestantsko i kršćansko učenje. Tako je sociologija zamijenila teodiceju i postala svojevrsna sociodiceja. Autori objašnjavaju tezu na primjerima djelovanja sociologa na sveučilištima u Harvardu i Wisconsinu, kao i pomoću radova P. Lazarsfelda, T. Parsonsa, E. Goffmana. Roberta E. Parka i drugih. Posebna je pažnja posvećena analizi suvremenih strujanja neomarksizma u Americi i uvjetima za zasnivanje autonomnih socijalnih pokreta.A short presentation of the development of America! sociology is given in this article. The main thesis is that American sociology was born as a substitute for the Protestant and Christian religion. In that sense, sociology took the place of a theodicy and became itself a sociodicy. The authors explain that thesis, giving brief accounts of the work of different American sociologists\u27 at the Universities of Harvard and Wisconsin as well as documenting the thesis through the works of P. Lazarsfeld, E. Goffman, Robert Park and others. A special emphasis is given to the analysis of the contemporary streams of neo-Marxism in the USA as well as to the analysis of the conditions oi the formations of autonomous social movements

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Physical Properties and Purity of a Galaxy Cluster Sample Selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect

We present optical and X-ray properties for the first confirmed galaxy cluster sample selected by the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect from 148 GHz maps over 455 square degrees of sky made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. These maps, coupled with multi-band imaging on 4-meter-class optical telescopes, have yielded a sample of 23 galaxy clusters with redshifts between 0.118 and 1.066. Of these 23 clusters, 10 are newly discovered. The selection of this sample is approximately mass limited and essentially independent of redshift. We provide optical positions, images, redshifts and X-ray fluxes and luminosities for the full sample, and X-ray temperatures of an important subset. The mass limit of the full sample is around 8e14 Msun, with a number distribution that peaks around a redshift of 0.4. For the 10 highest significance SZE-selected cluster candidates, all of which are optically confirmed, the mass threshold is 1e15 Msun and the redshift range is 0.167 to 1.066. Archival observations from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and ROSAT provide X-ray luminosities and temperatures that are broadly consistent with this mass threshold. Our optical follow-up procedure also allowed us to assess the purity of the ACT cluster sample. Eighty (one hundred) percent of the 148 GHz candidates with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 5.1 (5.7) are confirmed as massive clusters. The reported sample represents one of the largest SZE-selected sample of massive clusters over all redshifts within a cosmologically-significant survey volume, which will enable cosmological studies as well as future studies on the evolution, morphology, and stellar populations in the most massive clusters in the Universe.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Higher resolution figures available at: http://peumo.rutgers.edu/~felipe/e-prints

A Comment on: The Recognition and Evaluation of Homoplasy in Primate and Human Evolution. (Lockwood, C.A., and J.G. Fleagle, 1999, Yrbk Phys Anthropol 42:189–232.)

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34271/1/9_ftp.pd

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: ACT-CL J0102-4915 "El Gordo," a Massive Merging Cluster at Redshift 0.87

We present a detailed analysis from new multi-wavelength observations of the exceptional galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 "El Gordo," likely the most massive, hottest, most X-ray luminous and brightest Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect cluster known at z>0.6. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope collaboration discovered El Gordo as the most significant SZ decrement in a sky survey area of 755 deg^2. Our VLT/FORS2 spectra of 89 member galaxies yield a cluster redshift, z=0.870, and velocity dispersion, s=1321+/-106 km/s. Our Chandra observations reveal a hot and X-ray luminous system with an integrated temperature of Tx=14.5+/-1.0 keV and 0.5-2.0 keV band luminosity of Lx=(2.19+/-0.11)x10^45 h70^-2 erg/s. We obtain several statistically consistent cluster mass estimates; using mass scaling relations with velocity dispersion, X-ray Yx, and integrated SZ, we estimate a cluster mass of M200a=(2.16+/-0.32)x10^15 M_sun/h70. The Chandra and VLT/FORS2 optical data also reveal that El Gordo is undergoing a major merger between components with a mass ratio of approximately 2 to 1. The X-ray data show significant temperature variations from a low of 6.6+/-0.7 keV at the merging low-entropy, high-metallicity, cool core to a high of 22+/-6 keV. We also see a wake in the X-ray surface brightness caused by the passage of one cluster through the other. Archival radio data at 843 MHz reveal diffuse radio emission that, if associated with the cluster, indicates the presence of an intense double radio relic, hosted by the highest redshift cluster yet. El Gordo is possibly a high-redshift analog of the famous Bullet Cluster. Such a massive cluster at this redshift is rare, although consistent with the standard L-CDM cosmology in the lower part of its allowed mass range. Massive, high-redshift mergers like El Gordo are unlikely to be reproduced in the current generation of numerical N-body cosmological simulations.Comment: Typo on metadata fixed on version 3. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 17 pages, 15 figures. New section 4.4 includes radio relic scienc

A Morphometric Assessment of the Intended Function of Cached Clovis Points

A number of functions have been proposed for cached Clovis points. The least complicated hypothesis is that they were intended to arm hunting weapons. It has also been argued that they were produced for use in rituals or in connection with costly signaling displays. Lastly, it has been suggested that some cached Clovis points may have been used as saws. Here we report a study in which we morphometrically compared Clovis points from caches with Clovis points recovered from kill and camp sites to test two predictions of the hypothesis that cached Clovis points were intended to arm hunting weapons: 1) cached points should be the same shape as, but generally larger than, points from kill/camp sites, and 2) cached points and points from kill/camp sites should follow the same allometric trajectory. The results of the analyses are consistent with both predictions and therefore support the hypothesis. A follow-up review of the fit between the results of the analyses and the predictions of the other hypotheses indicates that the analyses support only the hunting equipment hypothesis. We conclude from this that cached Clovis points were likely produced with the intention of using them to arm hunting weapons

An Assessment of the Impact of Hafting on Paleoindian Point Variability

It has long been argued that the form of North American Paleoindian points was affected by hafting. According to this hypothesis, hafting constrained point bases such that they are less variable than point blades. The results of several studies have been claimed to be consistent with this hypothesis. However, there are reasons to be skeptical of these results. None of the studies employed statistical tests, and all of them focused on points recovered from kill and camp sites, which makes it difficult to be certain that the differences in variability are the result of hafting rather than a consequence of resharpening. Here, we report a study in which we tested the predictions of the hafting hypothesis by statistically comparing the variability of different parts of Clovis points. We controlled for the potentially confounding effects of resharpening by analyzing largely unused points from caches as well as points from kill and camp sites. The results of our analyses were not consistent with the predictions of the hypothesis. We found that several blade characters and point thickness were no more variable than the base characters. Our results indicate that the hafting hypothesis does not hold for Clovis points and indicate that there is a need to test its applicability in relation to post-Clovis Paleoindian points