Transformada wavelet de fourier aplicada a análise de sinais ruidosos / Transformed fourier wavelet applied to the analysis of noisy signals

Neste trabalho são analisados sinais ruidosos construídos a partir de Transformadas de Fourier. Com a obtenção destes sinais (sintéticos), foi inserido um ruído de alta frequência com o objetivo de verificar quais distorções ele poderia causar na análise deste tipo de sinal. Verificou-se então na construção de escalogramas de fase com a transformada Wavelet complexa de Morlet que a inserção do ruído de alta frequência não só insere fortes distorções no sinal, como também prejudica fortemente a detecção de qualquer possível estrutura que eventualmente possa existir nesse sinal. O passo seguinte deverá ser o de comparar estes efeitos aos observados em dados reais, preferencialmente medidos na atmosfera tropical, como medidas associadas a campos de velocidade do vento

Utilização das transformadas de Fourier e wavelet para análise e dimensionamento de vórtice em séries temporais reais obtidas na atmosfera tropical / Use of Fourier transform and wavelet for analysis and vortex design in real time series obtained in the tropical atmosphere

Neste trabalho identificou- seas dimensões dos maiores vórticesda Camada Limite Convectiva a partir da aplicação das transformadas de Fourier e Transformada Wavelet de Haar. As transformadas foram utilizadas para construir espectrosturbulentosa partir de sinais medidos em torre meteorológica acima de floresta tropical. Os espectros turbulentos foram construídos principalmente a partir da componente horizontal e vertical dos campos de velocidade do vento paraidentificação da região em que se localizam oscilações de baixa frequência a partir da qual as análises de dimensão de vórticeforamrealizadas. Como resultado,foi possível estimar os maiores vórtices a partir da análise dos números de onda associados às oscilações de baixa frequência dos campos de velocidade do vento, utilizando-se séries temporais medidas acima da atmosfera tropical.

EFICIÊNCIA DE UM FLOGOPITITO COMO FONTE DE POTÁSSIO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DO MAMOEIRO

The eficiency of a phlogopitite as source of K for papaya initial development was evaluated under greenhouse condition, using KCl as reference source. Besides the treatment without K, the following doses, for both sources, were tested: 75; 150; 225; 300 kg of K2O ha-1 ; plus an extra treatment of KCl (450 K2O ha-1). The parameters evaluated, 90 days after planting, were: 1) plant height; 2) number of leaves; 3) leaf area; 4) shoots dry matter (SDM); and 5) agronomical eficiency index (AEI) of the phlogopitite, based on dry matter. There was significant difference for the evaluated variables for the factor “source”, in which the KCl was higher. Number of leaves was different among the doses. The highest SDM was observed in 150 kg of K2 O/ ha-1 for both KCl and phlogopitite. In this dosage, the AEI of the phlogopitite was 48% in relation to KCl.Avaliou-se neste trabalho, conduzido em casa de vegetação, a eficiência de um flogopitito como fonte de K para o crescimento inicial do mamoeiro. O KCl foi a fonte de referência. Além do tratamento sem a adição do K, foram testadas as doses de 75; 150; 225 e 300 kg de K2 O ha-1, para as duas fontes, e um tratamento adicional do KCl (450 kg de K2 O ha-1). Após 90 dias de cultivo, mediu-se a altura das plantas, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e o índice de eficiência agronômica (IEA) do flogopitito, com base na massa seca. Para as variáveis avaliadas houve significância para o fator fonte, com superioridade para o KCl. Para o número de folhas houve significância para as doses. O maior valor de MSPA foi observado na dose de 150 kg de K2 O ha-1, tanto para o KCl quanto para o flogopitito. Nesta dose, o IEA do flogopitito, em relação ao KCl, foi de 48%

Prostaglandina E2 induz ovulação em camundongos pré-púberes

The objective of this study was to determine the ability of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to induce ovulation and expression of PGE2 receptor (EP2 and EP4) and COX genes (COX-1 and COX-2) in the ovary and pituitary of prepubertal mice. The positive control consisted of the application of 5 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, n = 29); the negative control applied 0.5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n=31); the treatment tested the application of 250 μg of PGE2 (n = 29), making a total of 89 prepubertal mice (BALB/c). Mice were euthanized 14 to 15 h after treatments to detect ovulation and tissue collection. A Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of animals ovulating. Gene expressions and number of ovulation were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test was used to compare means among groups. A greater proportion of mice (P < 0.001) ovulated after receiving GnRH (89.7%, 26/29) compared to PGE2 group (58.6%, 17/29). However, the proportion was higher compared to those treated with PBS (0%, 0/31). Ep2 gene expression in the pituitary was > two-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the PGE2 group compared to the PBS and GnRH groups. Further, PGE2 stimulated Cox1 (2.7 fold, P < 0.05) while GnRH stimulated Cox2 expression (6.5 fold, P < 0.05) in the pituitary when compared to the PBS group. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that PGE2 can induce ovulation in prepubertal mice with a concomitant increase in Ep2 and Cox1 gene expression in the pituitary gland.O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a capacidade da prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) em induzir a ovulação e expressão do receptor PGE2 (EP2 e EP4) e genes COX (COX-1 e COX-2) no ovário e na hipófise de camundongos pré-púberes. O controle positivo consistiu na aplicação de 5 μg de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH, n = 29); o controle negativo aplicação 0,5 mL de tampão fosfato-salino (PBS, n=31); o tratamento testado aplicação de 250 μg de PGE2 (n = 29), perfazendo um total de 89 camundongos (BALB/c) pré-púberes. Os camundongos foram sacrificados 14 a 15 h após os tratamentos para detectar ovulações e coleta de tecido. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para comparar a proporção de animais ovulando. As expressões gênicas e o número de ovulação foram analisados por ANOVA e o teste de tukey foi usado para comparar as médias entre os grupos. Uma maior proporção de camundongos (P <0,001) ovulou após receber GnRH (89,7%, 26/29) em comparação com o grupo PGE2 (58,6%, 17/29). No entanto, a proporção foi maior em comparação com aqueles tratados com PBS (0%, 0/31). A expressão do gene Ep2 na hipófise foi duas vezes maior (P <0,05) no grupo PGE2 em comparação com os grupos PBS e GnRH. Além disso, a PGE2 estimulou a Cox1 (2,7 vezes, P <0,05) enquanto o GnRH estimulou a expressão de Cox2 (6,5 vezes, P <0,05) na pituitária em comparação com o grupo PBS. Em conclusão, nossos resultados suportam a hipótese de que PGE2 é capaz de induzir ovulação em camundongos pré-púberes com aumento concomitante na expressão dos genes Ep2 e Cox1 na glândula pituitária

Geographical indication and centrality in the Brazilian Northeast

This article discusses the subject of Geographical Indication and level of centrality, by using the hierarchization of municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast region as a tool for discussion and analysis. This article is mainly aimed at hierarchizing municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast region by taking into account their respective contributions to the development of non-public service products between 2002 and 2017, considering five geographical subdivisions (microregion, mesoregion, State, region and country) in the perspective of identifying the level of centrality and a relationship with Geographical Indications. This work is characterised as an exploratory-descriptive research with a quali-quantitative approach, having analysed data from the Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA, in Portuguese) from IBGE (the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and considering 1,792 municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast. The results indicate that among the 1,792 municipalities included in the study, 1,028 (57.4% of all municipalities studied) observed an increase to their scores. In addition, the main changes that took place in these municipalities between 2002 and 2017 included the increase in the homogeneity in the region, when regarding the profile of participation in the development of non-public service products from higher geographical subdivisions. With that, it can be stated that the non-public service sector creates a level of hierarchy in the municipalities from the Brazilian Northeast in terms of their volumes, corroborating the assumption drawn in this work that the spatial layout of cities has an effect on the centralities of places, with the territory and its centrality level having an impact on Geographical Indications, as the quality and standardization of products/services represent the result of the combined effort and actions carried out by some groups of local producers in certain territories. This highlights the relationship between this group and the local tradition, typicality and culture, as well as with the physical and climate aspects of the territory, which contributes to its local development

Geographical Indication: a proposal for measuring centrality

The present work discusses Geographical Indications, which have increasingly grown in Brazil, becoming of extreme importance for territorial development. With this in mind, this work is aimed at establishing a centrality indicator for municipalities, capable of contributing for Geographical indication, based on the development on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of services for promoting local development. The measurement of centrality adopted in this work is based on the arrangement of GDP data on services, according to the Central Place Theory, in which cities are hierarchically organised and some services are only provided by more relevant locations. The database used for assessing the levels of centrality of municipalities were divided into four different groups: participation of the gross value added of services, excluding public administration on the gross value at total current prices; in the state level; in the microregion; in the country. The analysis observed simple structure averages to operationalise the hierarchical ruler, having established that the best route concerned attributing weighting coefficients to the group of indicators through a linear combination algorithm. It is important to point out that the most important tool considered included the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Accordingly, it was established that a location is an important territory with what concerns the spatial contour, with the service sector (excluding the public service) having an impact on local economy. Therefore, the registration of a Geographical Indication may promote economic development, attributed to the increase in local production, demand and greater added value and, consequently, an upsurge in the generation of jobs and wealth, having a relevant impact in the notoriety of the region

The effect of Geographical Indications on Economic Development

The understanding of a Geographical Indication (GI), under an economic point of view, is connected to a strategy that aims at adding value to products or services whose characteristics are related to the territories in which they are inserted, with the premise of strengthening territorial economies, mainly in rural areas. GIs associated to agri-food products not only add value to these products, but also aim at providing easier access to either internal and/or external markets, promoting the inclusion of rural producers or disfavored regions in terms of commercial trade routes, besides contributing to the sustainable use of biodiversity and, consequently, of local genetic resources. Therefore, this work aims at providing an overview of the main scientific works regarding Geographical Indications (GIs) focused on the development of regional economies, especially in rural areas, considering in natura products. The methodology employed consisted of carrying out a systematic literature review on Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases, based on a sequence of themes (Geographical Indication, Economic Development, Brazilian products in natura). Therefore, it was necessary to select the scientific articles corresponding to the combination of keywords, while also considering those works published in the last 10 years and with a score higher than 25 points, according to the criteria adopted in this work. The results of this research demonstrate the importance of GIs for promoting local economic development, through production and local services, adding value to the agri-food market and to its capacity in generating jobs and wealth

LAND USE/ COVER (LULC) MAPPING IN BRAZILIAN CERRADO USING NEURAL NETWORK WITH SENTINEL-2 DATA

The Sentinel-2a and 2B satellites form a multispectral imaging mission for Earth observation. They have promising characteristics for the study of soils and vegetation cover, and their data can be applied for land use/cover (LULC) mapping. To this end, neural networks have shown good results in pattern recognition tasks in orbital images. In this sense, the study aimed to evaluate the use of Sentinel 2 (ESA) image for LULC mapping in the Cerrado Biome, through the application of artificial neural network methodology. Among the classes of use and occupation examined, 8 classes were selected, 4 of which were natural (water bodies, savanna, forest and field formation) and 4 anthropic (Pasture, Urban areas, Silviculture and Seasonal Crop). The classification system by artificial neural network (ANN) was considered successful, with thematic accuracy (Kappa coefficient) of 0.77. Although there are still some thematic confusions during the classification process, the classification results were considered superior when compared to the MaxVer classifier. The Sentinel-2 image, together with the use of a neural network, was shown a good input for carrying out this type of mapping.Key words: Orbital Remote Sensing System, Supervised Classification Techniques, LULC classes

Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta assistente para criação de aplicações CRUD em Java na Web

Devido à necessidade de informatização dos processos de negócio, o armazenamento de informações relevantes em Banco de Dados e a disponibilização desses dados na rede mundial de computadores, este projeto propõe o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta geradora de aplicações para Web escritas em Java que construa cadastros e movimentações para realização de operações CRUD (Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete), ou seja, armazenamento, busca, atualização e deleção. Esta ferramenta é um software, a partir do qual, o programador insere o script de criação de um Banco de Dados e, ao definir parâmetros na ferramenta, são gerados os códigos-fonte das aplicações em Java para Web. Existe a necessidade de se produzir aplicações Web em Java com baixo tempo de produção, pois construir essas aplicações utilizando métodos usuais de desenvolvimento de software demanda-se certo período de tempo. A implementação desta ferramenta vem, também, para mudar esse conceito e a forma de desenvolvimento Web em Java, pois ela servirá como um assistente, facilitando a produção das aplicações Java Web. As aplicações geradas utilizam as tecnologias Servlets e JSPs, o framework Hibernate e também a biblioteca Javascript jQuery