“Hamlyn Trust Scholarships” for community legal education and training

Report on a project by the Legal Services Agency (LSA), Scotland’s National Law Centre awarded a grant from the Hamlyn Trust to support the agency’s work in providing “community legal education” throughout Scotland. Published as part of a special report on the Hamlyn Trust's 50th anniversary awards in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London

Sanitation health risk and safety planning in urban residential neighbourhoods

The aim of this review paper was to determine the best sanitation health risk and safety planning approach for sustainable management of urban environment. This was achieved by reviewing the concept of sanitation safety planning as a tool. The review adopted exploratory research approach and used secondary data obtained from various sources to reach its conclusion. The findings reveal that, multiple approaches are required to reduce health risks associated with sanitation. It is concluded that sustainable sanitation safety planning is imperative in every developing nation's urban neighborhood. It is therefore recommended that sanitation standards should be set through consultative process; and monitoring should be participatory and multi-dimensional in approach.Keywords: Health Risk, Safety Planning, Sanitation, and Sustainable Developmen

Evaluation of Driving Comparative Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Conventional and Electric Motorcycles in Indonesia: Monte Carlo Analysis

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the solutions to reduce emission problems. Vehicle cost analysis is one of the keys to seizing the Indonesian market. As a consumer, it is not only the purchase price that needs to be considered, but the life cycle costs throughout ownership also need to be considered in the purchase. This study discusses the life cycle cost (LCC) of EVs in Indonesia, especially electric motorcycles (EMs), which will be compared with conventional motorcycles (CMs). In particular, this study aims to encourage the government's target for ownership of 2.1 million EMs in Indonesia by 2025. The novelty of this research is to develop a more comprehensive LCC model by considering the costs in terms of tangible and intangible to compare the two types of motorcycles using Monte Carlo simulation. This simulation is used to coordinate the behavioral uncertainty of motorcycle users. As a result, the value of an EM is more economical than CM for various users. The average value percentage of EMs is lower than CMs by 45% (IDR 30,6 million). In addition, several scenarios are also analyzed to maximize consumer welfare in Indonesia

Populasi, Kondisi Media Konservasi Ex-Situ, dan Prevalensi Infeksi Parasit Usus pada Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis)

Rusa timor (Rusa timorensis) merupakan satwa yang terancam punah akibat degradasi habitat alami dan aktivitas perburuan liar, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya konservasi secara ex-situ. Konsevasi ex-situ biasa dilakukan di kebun binatang. Informasi mengenai populasi, pengelolaan media konservasi seperti kondisi lingkungan, teknik perawatan, serta parasit yang menginfeksi hewan di kebun binatang sangat dibutuhkan demi menunjang keberhasilan upaya konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui populasi rusa timor, kondisi faktor fisik, kimia, dan sanitasi lingkungan pada media konservasi rusa timor, serta mengetahui prevalensi infeksi cacing parasit usus pada rusa timor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling pada tiga kebun binatang. Parameter yang diukur adalah populasi, parameter fisik (luas area, luas naungan, temperatur, kelembaban tanah, dan kebersihan kandang), kimia (pH tanah), serta persentase rusa timor yang terinfeksi cacing parasit usus. Data populasi, parameter fisik dan kimia dianalisis dengan metode skoring dan deskriptif, serta data prevalensi infeksi cacing parasit usus pada rusa timor dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus prevalensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi rusa timor di Taman Wisata Pendidikan Purbasari Pancuran Mas, Taman Rekreasi Margasatwa Serulingmas, dan Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka sebanyak 26, 35, dan 33 individu, dengan rasio jantan betina sebesar 1:2, 1:1, dan 1:1 secara berurutan. Hasil skoring dari kondisi faktor fisik, kimia, dan kebersihan lingkungan pada ketiga media konservasi secara berurutan adalah 29, 27, dan 25. Rusa timor di Taman Wisata Pendidikan Purbasari Pancuran Mas dan Taman Rekreasi Margasatwa Serulingmas terdeteksi tidak terinfeksi cacing parasit usus (prevalensi 0%), sementara rusa timor di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka terinfeksi cacing parasit usus dengan prevalensi 62.5%. Jumlah individu rusa timor pada ketiga populasi belum memenuhi persyaratan ideal. Secara umum kondisi media konservasi pada ketiga kebun binatang hampir memenuhi persyaratan ideal, walaupun infeksi cacing parasit usus masih terjadi pada rusa timor dengan prevalensi berkisar 0-62,5%

ANALISIS HASIL TANGKAPAN RAKANG DAN BUBU PADA PERCOBAAN PENANGKAPAN KEPITING DI PERAIRAN MANGROVE MALUKU

Percobaan penangkapan kepiting telah dilakukan di perairan bakau Teluk Kotania Seram Barat dan Teluk Kayeli Pulau Buru, Maluku. Kegiatan ini menggunakan alat tangkap rakang dan bubu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan data hasil tangkapan, ukuran berat, produksi, produktivitas alat tangkap, danperbandingan hasil ke dua alat tangkap tersebut. Jenis-jenis kepiting hasil tangkapan adalah kepiting kaniki (Thalmita danae), rajungan (Poftunus pelagicus), kepiting bakau merah (Scylla semta), kepiting bakau hitam (Scylla oceantba), dan kepiting bakau hijau (Scylla tranquebarica)

POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN BULU BABI (Echinoidea) DI PADANG LAMUN PULAU OSI, SERAM BARAT, MALUKU TENGAH

Penelitian populasi bulu babi dan pemanfaatannya di perairan padang lamun Pulau Osi telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni 1995 sampai dengan Februari 1996. Metode transek kuadrat digunakan untuk menduga kepadatan populasi bulu babi tersebut. lndeks agregasi digunakan sebagai indikator dari sifat distribusi spasial populasi itu

Effects of Ammonia Flow Rate on the Synthesis of AIGaN Thin Films prepared via Spin Coating Approach

We report on the growth or th e aluminum gallium nitride (A IGaN) thin film s on aluminum nitride (AIN) on silicon (Ill) tem plate via sol- gel spin coating method followed by nitridation process. The nitridation process was carried out for 75 min unlk r ammonia (NH3) ambient. To investigate the effects of NHJ flow rate on synthesis film , different NI-h flow rates (i .e., 200 seem, 300 seem and 400 seem) were used. The structural properties and surface morpho logies of the deposited films were accessed us ing X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XRD results reveal that a ll the deposited AIGaN thin film s have wurtzite structure with the preferred growth orientation along the (002) crystallographic direction. As the N HJ tlow rate increases. the intensity of(002) peaks and crystal line quality were improved. The FESEM and AFM results show that the deposited AIGaN thin film have uniform and smooth surface. The optical properties of AIGaN thin film s were investigated by us ing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy under the reflectance mode. The infrared reflectance results show that the intensity of E1(TO) peaks of the AIGaN increases with increasing NH3 flow rate. All the results reveal that the NHJ flow rate has significant effects on the structural surface morphologies and optical properties of the deposited film s. Finally. these results lead to conclude that the optimum NI-b flow rate is 400 seem

Teknik Fermentasi Suapan Sekelompok (Fed-Batch) pada Biosintesis Poli (3-Hidroksibutirat) dari Bahan Dasar Minyak Kelapa Sawit

A fed-batch fermentation technique on biosynthesis of a biodegradable plastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB) using a mineral-media with palm oil as a single carbon source by Erwinia sp. USMI-2O has been carried out. Fermentation was conduited on a rotary thuket incubator under aerobic condition at pH 7'0, incubation temperature of 30oC, and agitation rate of 200 rpm for 66 hours. A single feeding of 4'6 g/l palm oil was used at 30 hour cultivation. rn. characterization of the polymer production was based on cell growth, polymer content and polymer concentration. From this study, the maximum level of producing p(3HB) was at 66 hour cultivation with polymer content of 63%b/b, polymer concentration of 3.53 g/l, and the dried cell weight of 5.6 g/1. Keywords: Fed-batch, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), biodegradable plastic, palm oil and Erwinia sp. USMI-2

PRODUCTION OF A BIOPOLYMER POLY( 3 -HYDROXYBUTYRATE ) BY Erwinia sp. USMI-20 IN 1O L FERMENTOR

Telah dilakukan percobaan produksi senyawa biopolimer poli(3-hidroksibutirat), P(3H8, menggunakan bakteri Erwinia sp. USMI-20 dari minyak kelapa sawit sebagai sumber karbon. Fermentasi dijalankan selama 66 jam dengan teknik pengkulturan sekelompok di dalam fermentor berkapasitas 10 L secara aerob, pada pH 7, suhu 30 oC, kecepatan aliran udara 1 vvm, kecepatan penggoncangan 200 rpm. Selama fermentasi berlangsung ditentukan kenaikan biomassa, kandungan polimer dan konsentrasi polimer yang dihasilkan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Eruinia sp. USMI-20 mampu memproduksi P(3HB) mencapai 46 % b/b dengan berat sel kering sel bakteri 3,6 g/L dari 4,6 g/L minyak kelapa sawit yang diberikan ke dalam medium. Waktu fermentasi optimum untuk menghasilkan kandungan polimer tertinggi pada kajian ini adalah 48 jam. Kata Kunci: poli(3-hidroksibutirat), minyak kelapa sawit, Erwinia sp. USMI-20 dan fermentor