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Oppressing the oppressed: the threats of Hausa and English to Nigeria's minority languages

This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.In Nigeria, English is generally perceived as a dominant language. The dream of ‘‘one north’’ makes Hausa a lingua franca in northern Nigeria, with the potential of annihilating the over 200 indigenous languages spoken in that region. However, the increasing wave of ethnic consciousness as well as the ongoing agitations for the rights of minority languages have raised questions on the continued domination of minority languages by Hausa and English. Using data from a language-use questionnaire among northern and southern minority language speakers, the study shows that Hausa and English are fast replacing minority mother tongues in informal domains and situational contexts which are expected to be dominated by mother tongues.Peer Reviewe

Designing Computing System Architecture and Models for the HL-LHC era

This paper describes a programme to study the computing model in CMS after the next long shutdown near the end of the decade.Comment: Submitted to proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP2015), Okinawa, Japa

Structure‐preserving integrators for constrained mechanical systems in the framework of the GGL principle

Simulating multi-body systems often requires an appropriate treatment of the differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). The recently proposed GGL principle considers constraints both on configuration and on velocity level and embodies an index-reduction technique in the spirit of the often-applied GGL stabilization. In sharp contrast to the original formulation, the Euler-Lagrange equations of the GGL principle, fit into the Hamiltonian framework of mechanics. Therefore, the GGL principle facilitates the design of structure-preserving integrators. Due to the close relationship of the GGL principle to optimal control, previously developed direct methods can be used to obtain variational integrators for constrained mechanical systems. Furthermore, slight modifications can be applied to obtain second-order energy-momentum consistent integrators emanating from the GGL principle, which represent another important class of structure-preserving time-stepping schemes. The newly devised schemes circumvent issues of standard methods and provide more realistic results by accounting for velocity level constraints