Lack of mutagenic effect by multi-walled functionalized carbon nanotubes in the somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are formed by rolling up a single graphite sheet into a tube. Among the different types of CNTs, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) comprise a set of concentric nanotubes with perfect structures. Several uses for MWCNTs have been suggested to be included in biological applications such as manufacturing of biosensors, carriers of drugs. However, before these materials can be put on the market, it is necessary to know their genotoxic effects. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the mutagenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster, using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). This assay detects the loss of heterozygosity of marker genes expressed phenotypically on the wings of the fly. Larvae of three days were used, resulting from ST cross, with basal levels of the cytochrome P450 and larvae of high metabolic bioactivity capacity (HB cross). They were treated with different concentrations of MWCNTs functionalized. The MH descendants, analyzed in both ST and HB crosses, had no significant effects on the frequency of mutant. Based on the results and on the experimental conditions mentioned in this study, it was concluded that MWCNTs were not mutagenic in D. melanogaster

Maxillary Lesion Presenting As A First Sign Of Multiple Myeloma: Case Report

Plasma cell neoplasia is a lymphoid neoplastic proliferation of B cells. This denomination encloses multiple myeloma (MM), solitary bone plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytoma. MM consists of a clonal proliferation of plasma cells based in the bone marrow, with various degrees of differentiation. Neoplastic cells usually produce great amounts of monoclonal light or heavy chains of immunoglobulin that can be detected in serum or urine. The disease is more frequently in men and the average age at diagnosis is about 60 years. The diagnosis is established by blood and urine exams and medullary biopsy. Patients may present renal failure, bone pain, fatigue, recurrent infections and nervous system dysfunction. Oral manifestations may be the first sign of MM, highlighting the importance of the dentist in the early diagnosis of the disease. Treatment involves mainly irradiation and chemotherapy and the prognosis is generally poor. This paper reports a case of a 65 years old black female who had a complaint of a painful mass in the maxilla that prompted a MM diagnosis. © Medicina Oral.125E344E347Seoane, J., Aguirre-Urizar, J.M., Esparza-Gomez, G., Suarez-Cunqueiro, M., Campos-Trapero, J., Pomareda, M., The spectrum of plasma cell neoplasia in oral pathology (2003) Med Oral, 8, pp. 269-280Lae, M.E., Vencio, E.F., Inwards, C.Y., Unni, K.K., Nascimento, A.G., Myeloma of the jaw bones: A clinicopathologic study of 33 cases (2003) Head Neck, 25, pp. 373-381Ozdemir, R., Kayiran, O., Oruc, M., Karaaslan, O., Kocer, U., Ogun, D., Plasmacytoma of the hard palate (2005) J Craniofac Surg, 16, pp. 164-169Currie, W.J., Hill, R.R., Keshani, D.K., An unusual cause of maxillary tuberosity enlargement (1994) Br Dent J, 177, pp. 60-62Kyle, R.A., Gertz, M.A., Witzig, T.E., Lust, J.A., Lacy, M.Q., Dispenzieri, A., Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (2003) Mayo Clin Proc, 78, pp. 21-33Gray, S.T., Antunovic, D.M., White, A.E., Non secretory multiple myeloma involving the maxilla: Report of a case with update of biology and new approaches to management (1997) Oral Oncol, 33, pp. 136-140Kyle, R.A., Multiple myeloma: An odyssey of discovery (2000) Br J Haematol, 111, pp. 1035-1044Zachriades, N., Papanicolaou, S., Papavassiliou, D., Vairaktaris, E., Triantafyllou, D., Mezitis, M., Plasma cell myeloma of the jaws (1987) Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 16, pp. 510-515Kyle, R.A., Multiple myeloma: Review of 869 cases (1975) Mayo Clin Proc, 50, pp. 29-40Epstein, J.B., Voss, N.J., Stevenson-Moore, P., Maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma. An unusual case and review of the literature (1984) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 57, pp. 267-271Mateo Arias, J., Molina Martinez, M., Borrego, A., Mayorga, F., Amyloidosis of the submaxillary gland (2003) Med Oral, 8, pp. 66-70Reboiras Lopez, M.D., Garcia Garcia, A., Antunez Lopez, J., Blanco Carrion, A., Gandara Vila, P., Gandara Rey, J.M., Anaesthesia of the right lower hemilip as a first manifestation of multiple myeloma. Presentation of a clinical case (2001) Med Oral, 6, pp. 168-172Hsi, E.D., Yegappan, S., Lymphoma Immunophenotyping: A New Era in Paraffin-Section Immunohistochemistry (2001) Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 8, pp. 218-239Bayer-Garner, I.B., Prieto, V.G., Smoller, B.R., Detection of clonality with kappa and lambda immunohistochemical analysis in cutaneous plasmacytomas (2004) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 128, pp. 645-648Shin, J.S., Stopyra, G.A., Warhol, M.J., Multhaupt, H.A.B., Plasmacytoma with aberrant expression of myeloid markers, T-cell markers, and cytokeratin (2001) The Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 49, pp. 791-792Rosai, J., (2004) Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology, pp. 2099-2105. , St Louis: Mosby CoDurie, B.G.M., Stock-Novack, D., Salmon, S.E., Finley, P., Beckord, J., Crowley, J., Prognostic Value of Pretreatment Serum-2 Microglobulin in Myeloma: A Southwest Oncology Group Study (1990) Blood, 75, pp. 823-83

Bayesian Nonparametric Inverse Reinforcement Learning

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is the task of learning the reward function of a Markov Decision Process (MDP) given the transition function and a set of observed demonstrations in the form of state-action pairs. Current IRL algorithms attempt to find a single reward function which explains the entire observation set. In practice, this leads to a computationally-costly search over a large (typically infinite) space of complex reward functions. This paper proposes the notion that if the observations can be partitioned into smaller groups, a class of much simpler reward functions can be used to explain each group. The proposed method uses a Bayesian nonparametric mixture model to automatically partition the data and find a set of simple reward functions corresponding to each partition. The simple rewards are interpreted intuitively as subgoals, which can be used to predict actions or analyze which states are important to the demonstrator. Experimental results are given for simple examples showing comparable performance to other IRL algorithms in nominal situations. Moreover, the proposed method handles cyclic tasks (where the agent begins and ends in the same state) that would break existing algorithms without modification. Finally, the new algorithm has a fundamentally different structure than previous methods, making it more computationally efficient in a real-world learning scenario where the state space is large but the demonstration set is small

Petrographic and geochemical characterization of the magmatic sequence of Seival Mine, Hilario Formation (Neoproterozoic Camaquã Basin), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

A Mina do Seival é constituída por rochas vulcânicas e diques de composição andesítica e traqui-andesítica, dispostas em duas sequências. A sequência I inclui rochas piroclásticas e efusivas, e a sequência II é representada pelos diques de composição andesítica. Ambas são incluídas na Associação Shoshonítica de Lavras do Sul. Este magmatismo é relacionado ao estágio pós-colisional do ciclo Brasiliano/Pan-Africano, situando-se estratigraficamente no Alogrupo Bom Jardim, pertencendo à Formação Hilário na Bacia do Camaquã (Neoproterozoico). A área possui intensa alteração hidrotermal e mineralizações de Cu. A mineralização e o magmatismo da Sequência II são controlados por estruturas tectônicas orientadas segundo N/NE e NO, que são relacionadas à distensão regional no período pós-colisional da Orogênese Brasiliano/Pan-Africana. Processos hidrotermais em diferentes temperaturas atuaram sobre estas rochas originando produtos de alteração pervasiva, principalmente clorita, corrensita e esmectita, com veios preenchidos por quartzo, carbonato, barita e minerais de cobre. Em ambas as sequências encaixantes da Mina do Seival é possível identificar a afinidade shoshonítica das rochas. Os elevados teores de Cu, Zn e Ni nos diques em relação às rochas piroclásticas e às efusivas, mesmo nas mais hidrotermalizadas, sugerem que as principais ocorrências de mineralização de Cu têm origem magmática. Os dados químicos de rocha total indicam que o enriquecimento dos elementos componentes da mineralização, Ag, Au, Cu e Zn, está relacionado aos diques da Sequência II. Os teores de Au e Cu são mais elevados nas amostras com menores concentrações de carbonatos, sugerindo que a carbonatação não tem relação com a deposição dos minérios.The Seival Mine consists of andesitic volcanic and trachy-andesitic volcanic and hipabissal rocks grouped into two volcanic sequences. The Sequence I is composed of pyroclastic rocks and effusive rocks, and sequence II by andesite dikes. The area shows intense hydrothermal alteration and Cu mineralization. This magmatism is related to the post-collisional stage of the cycle Brasiliano/Pan-African, and it is stratigraphically positioned in the Bom Jardim Allogroup, Hilário Formation, which is part of the Neoproterozoic Camaquã Basin. Sequence II magmatism and mineralization are controlled by tectonic structures with N/NE and NW orientation, which are related to regional extension during the post-collisional stage of Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogeny. Processes involving different temperatures caused pervasive alteration products, with generation of chlorite, corrensite and smectite, with veins filled by quartz, carbonate, barite and copper minerals. In both sequences of Seival Mine is possible to identify the shoshonitic affinity of host sequences, as pointed out by geochemical data. The higher contents of Cu, Zn, and Ni in andesite dikes in relation to pyroclastic and effusive rocks, even in the hydrothermally altered types, suggest that the main Cu mineralizations have magmatic origin. The Au and Cu contents are higher in samples with lower carbonate concentrations, which suggests than carbonate alteration have no relation with ore deposition

LocalEnergy: Local Resources for Multifunctional Tetrahedrite-based Energy: Harvesting Applications

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reaction of papaya genotypes to black-spot and foot-rot

Genótipos de mamoeiro (Carica papaya) ('NT Red', 'Golden', 'Baixinho de St. Amália', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Cross Paris', 'Tailândia Verde', 'Tailândia Roxo', 'Tailândia Roxão', 'Sekati' e 'Tainung-1') foram avaliados quanto à reação à varíola (Asperisporium caricae) e à podridão-do-pé (Phytophthora palmivora). O estudo foi conduzido em uma área com plantas naturalmente infectadas com ambos os patógenos e sob telado utilizando solo naturalmente infestado com P. palmivora. A severidade de varíola foi avaliada usando-se uma escala, de 1 (0-3% da superfície coberta por lesões) a 6 (>de 50% da superfície coberta por lesões). As avaliações foram feitas entre março e abril / 2003 e entre outubro 2003 e fevereiro 2004. A podridão-do-pé foi avaliada, no campo, por incidência em cada cultivar nos mesmos períodos. Nos experimentos sob telado a severidade da doença por P. palmivora foi avaliada em cada planta utilizando-se a seguinte escala: 0- sem sintomas; 1- até 50% de murcha; 2- de 51 a 100% de murcha; 3- morta. Quanto à varíola, verificou-se que plantas de 'Sekati' (grupo Formosa) apresentaram os menores valores médios finais de severidade da doença na folhagem (2,0) enquanto que, 'Golden' (3,1) e'NT Red' (3,7) apresentaram os maiores. Nos frutos, 'Tailândia Roxão' (1,6), 'Tailândia Verde' (1,7) e 'Sekati' (1,7) apresentaram os menores valores de varíola, enquanto que, 'Tailândia Roxo' (2,3), 'Cross Paris' (2,5), e 'Sunrise Solo' (3,1) apresentaram os maiores. Quanto à podridão do pé, 'Tailândia Roxão' (grupo Formosa) apresentou a menor quantidade de doença, enquanto que, 'Golden', 'Sunrise Solo e 'NT Red' apresentaram os maiores valores.Papaya (Caryca papaya) genotypes ('NT Red', 'Golden', 'Baixinho de St. Amália', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Cross Paris', 'Tailândia Verde', 'Tailândia Roxo', 'Tailândia Roxão', 'Sekati' and 'Tainung-1') were evaluated for resistance to black-spot (Asperisporium caricae) and foot-rot (Phytophthora palmivora). The study was conducted in an area where both pathogens occurred naturally and in a greenhouse using soil naturally infested with P. palmivora. Black-spot severity was evaluated using a scale, from 1 (0-3% of the surface covered by lesions) to 6 (> of 50% of the surface covered by lesions). The evaluations were made between March / 2003 and April / 2003 and between October / 2003 and February / 2004. Foot-rot was evaluated, on the field trial, by counting the total number of plants with yellowing or wilt symptoms in the same period. On the greenhouse trials P. palmivora severity was evaluated in each plant using a scale from 0 (no wilt symptoms) to 3 (plant death). In relation to black-spot, the genotype 'Sekati' of the Formosa group presented the lowest average value of severity (2,0) on the foliage while ''Golden' (3,1) and NT Red' (3,7) had the largest. 'Tailândia Roxão' (1,6), 'Tailândia Verde' (1,7) and 'Sekati' (1,7) also had the lowest averages of severity on the fruit, while, 'Tailândia Roxo' (2,3), 'Cross Paris' (2,5), and 'Sunrise Solo' (3,1) presented the largest. In relation to foot rot, 'Tailândia Roxão' (Formosa group) presented low amount of disease and 'Golden', 'Sunrise Solo, and 'NT Red' presented higher values

Papaya (Carica papaya) foot rot (Phytophthora palmivora) reduction due to phosphites

Em processament

A Coulomb gas approach to the anisotropic one-dimensional Kondo lattice model at arbitrary filling

We establish a mapping of a general spin-fermion system in one dimension into a classical generalized Coulomb gas. This mapping allows a renormalization group treatment of the anisotropic Kondo chain both at and away from half-filling. We find that the phase diagram contains regions of paramagnetism, partial and full ferromagnetic order. We also use the method to analyze the phases of the Ising-Kondo chain.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure