48 research outputs found

    High-resolution haplotype block structure in the cattle genome

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Bovine HapMap Consortium has generated assay panels to genotype ~30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 501 animals sampled from 19 worldwide taurine and indicine breeds, plus two outgroup species (Anoa and Water Buffalo). Within the larger set of SNPs we targeted 101 high density regions spanning up to 7.6 Mb with an average density of approximately one SNP per 4 kb, and characterized the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype block structure within individual breeds and groups of breeds in relation to their geographic origin and use.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>From the 101 targeted high-density regions on bovine chromosomes 6, 14, and 25, between 57 and 95% of the SNPs were informative in the individual breeds. The regions of high LD extend up to ~100 kb and the size of haplotype blocks ranges between 30 bases and 75 kb (10.3 kb average). On the scale from 1–100 kb the extent of LD and haplotype block structure in cattle has high similarity to humans. The estimation of effective population sizes over the previous 10,000 generations conforms to two main events in cattle history: the initiation of cattle domestication (~12,000 years ago), and the intensification of population isolation and current population bottleneck that breeds have experienced worldwide within the last ~700 years. Haplotype block density correlation, block boundary discordances, and haplotype sharing analyses were consistent in revealing unexpected similarities between some beef and dairy breeds, making them non-differentiable. Clustering techniques permitted grouping of breeds into different clades given their similarities and dissimilarities in genetic structure.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This work presents the first high-resolution analysis of haplotype block structure in worldwide cattle samples. Several novel results were obtained. First, cattle and human share a high similarity in LD and haplotype block structure on the scale of 1–100 kb. Second, unexpected similarities in haplotype block structure between dairy and beef breeds make them non-differentiable. Finally, our findings suggest that ~30,000 uniformly distributed SNPs would be necessary to construct a complete genome LD map in <it>Bos taurus </it>breeds, and ~580,000 SNPs would be necessary to characterize the haplotype block structure across the complete cattle genome.</p

    The response of Plantago major ssp pleiosperma to elevated CO2 is modulated by the formation of secondary shoots

    Get PDF
    The effect of elevated CO2 on the relative growth rate (RGR) of Plantago major ssp. pleiosperma was studied during the vegetative stage, in relation to plant development, by growing plants at 350 mu l l(-1) or at 700 mu l l(-1) CO2 in non-limiting nutrient solution with nitrate. To minimize interference by the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in the interpretation of results, RGR was expressed on a f. wt basis (RGR(FW)), as were all plant weight ratios. Stimulation of the RGR(FW) Of the whole plant by elevated CO2 was transient, and did not last longer than 8 d. At the same time a transient increase in root weight ratio (RWR) was observed. In order to investigate whether the transient effect of elevated CO2 on RGR(FW) was size-dependent, the data were plotted versus total f. wt (log(e) transformed). The transient period of stimulation of RGR(FW) and of RWR by elevated CO2 was still found, but in both CO2 treatments RGR(FW) decreased after a certain plant size had been reached. This size coincided with the stage at which secondary shoots started to develop, and was reached earlier in plants grown at elevated CO2. The RGR of these secondary shoots (RGR(see)) was Still increased when the period of whole plant stimulation of RGR(FW) had ended, indicating that the development of these new sinks took priority over a continuation of the stimulation of RWR. It is hypothesized that in this Plantago subspecies the response of the RGR(FW) of the whole plants to elevated CO2 is modulated by the formation of secondary shoots. Apparently, partitioning of the extra soluble carbohydrates at elevated CO2 to this tissue takes precedence over partitioning to the roots. resulting in a cessation of stimulation of plant RGR(FW) by elevated CO2.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Caloric Restriction Alters the Metabolic Response to a Mixed-Meal: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Trial

    Get PDF
    OBJECTIVES: To determine if caloric restriction (CR) would cause changes in plasma metabolic intermediates in response to a mixed meal, suggestive of changes in the capacity to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability or metabolic flexibility, and to determine how any such changes relate to insulin sensitivity (S(I)). METHODS: Forty-six volunteers were randomized to a weight maintenance diet (Control), 25% CR, or 12.5% CR plus 12.5% energy deficit from structured aerobic exercise (CR+EX), or a liquid calorie diet (890 kcal/d until 15% reduction in body weight)for six months. Fasting and postprandial plasma samples were obtained at baseline, three, and six months. A targeted mass spectrometry-based platform was used to measure concentrations of individual free fatty acids (FFA), amino acids (AA), and acylcarnitines (AC). S(I) was measured with an intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS: Over three and six months, there were significantly larger differences in fasting-to-postprandial (FPP) concentrations of medium and long chain AC (byproducts of FA oxidation) in the CR relative to Control and a tendency for the same in CR+EX (CR-3 month P = 0.02; CR-6 month P = 0.002; CR+EX-3 month P = 0.09; CR+EX-6 month P = 0.08). After three months of CR, there was a trend towards a larger difference in FPP FFA concentrations (P = 0.07; CR-3 month P = 0.08). Time-varying differences in FPP concentrations of AC and AA were independently related to time-varying S(I) (P<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Based on changes in intermediates of FA oxidation following a food challenge, CR imparted improvements in metabolic flexibility that correlated with improvements in S(I). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00099151

    Comparative study of unsupervised dimension reduction techniques for the visualization of microarray gene expression data

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Visualization of DNA microarray data in two or three dimensional spaces is an important exploratory analysis step in order to detect quality issues or to generate new hypotheses. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used linear method to define the mapping between the high-dimensional data and its low-dimensional representation. During the last decade, many new nonlinear methods for dimension reduction have been proposed, but it is still unclear how well these methods capture the underlying structure of microarray gene expression data. In this study, we assessed the performance of the PCA approach and of six nonlinear dimension reduction methods, namely Kernel PCA, Locally Linear Embedding, Isomap, Diffusion Maps, Laplacian Eigenmaps and Maximum Variance Unfolding, in terms of visualization of microarray data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A systematic benchmark, consisting of Support Vector Machine classification, cluster validation and noise evaluations was applied to ten microarray and several simulated datasets. Significant differences between PCA and most of the nonlinear methods were observed in two and three dimensional target spaces. With an increasing number of dimensions and an increasing number of differentially expressed genes, all methods showed similar performance. PCA and Diffusion Maps responded less sensitive to noise than the other nonlinear methods.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Locally Linear Embedding and Isomap showed a superior performance on all datasets. In very low-dimensional representations and with few differentially expressed genes, these two methods preserve more of the underlying structure of the data than PCA, and thus are favorable alternatives for the visualization of microarray data.</p

    Mental health in the slums of Dhaka - a geoepidemiological study

    Get PDF
    Gruebner O, Khan MH, Lautenbach S, et al. Mental health in the slums of Dhaka - a geoepidemiological study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1): 177.Background: Urban health is of global concern because the majority of the world's population lives in urban areas. Although mental health problems (e.g. depression) in developing countries are highly prevalent, such issues are not yet adequately addressed in the rapidly urbanising megacities of these countries, where a growing number of residents live in slums. Little is known about the spectrum of mental well-being in urban slums and only poor knowledge exists on health promotive socio-physical environments in these areas. Using a geo-epidemiological approach, the present study identified factors that contribute to the mental well-being in the slums of Dhaka, which currently accommodates an estimated population of more than 14 million, including 3.4 million slum dwellers. Methods: The baseline data of a cohort study conducted in early 2009 in nine slums of Dhaka were used. Data were collected from 1,938 adults (>= 15 years). All respondents were geographically marked based on their households using global positioning systems (GPS). Very high-resolution land cover information was processed in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to obtain additional exposure information. We used a factor analysis to reduce the socio-physical explanatory variables to a fewer set of uncorrelated linear combinations of variables. We then regressed these factors on the WHO-5 Well-being Index that was used as a proxy for self-rated mental wellbeing. Results: Mental well-being was significantly associated with various factors such as selected features of the natural environment, flood risk, sanitation, housing quality, sufficiency and durability. We further identified associations with population density, job satisfaction, and income generation while controlling for individual factors such as age, gender, and diseases. Conclusions: Factors determining mental well-being were related to the socio-physical environment and individual level characteristics. Given that mental well-being is associated with physiological well-being, our study may provide crucial information for developing better health care and disease prevention programmes in slums of Dhaka and other comparable settings

    Risky business: factor analysis of survey data – assessing the probability of incorrect dimensionalisation

    Get PDF
    This paper undertakes a systematic assessment of the extent to which factor analysis the correct number of latent dimensions (factors) when applied to ordered categorical survey items (so-called Likert items). We simulate 2400 data sets of uni-dimensional Likert items that vary systematically over a range of conditions such as the underlying population distribution, the number of items, the level of random error, and characteristics of items and item-sets. Each of these datasets is factor analysed in a variety of ways that are frequently used in the extant literature, or that are recommended in current methodological texts. These include exploratory factor retention heuristics such as Kaiser’s criterion, Parallel Analysis and a non-graphical scree test, and (for exploratory and confirmatory analyses) evaluations of model fit. These analyses are conducted on the basis of Pearson and polychoric correlations.We find that, irrespective of the particular mode of analysis, factor analysis applied to ordered-categorical survey data very often leads to over-dimensionalisation. The magnitude of this risk depends on the specific way in which factor analysis is conducted, the number of items, the properties of the set of items, and the underlying population distribution. The paper concludes with a discussion of the consequences of overdimensionalisation, and a brief mention of alternative modes of analysis that are much less prone to such problems

    Affective computing in virtual reality: emotion recognition from brain and heartbeat dynamics using wearable sensors

    Get PDF
    [EN] Affective Computing has emerged as an important field of study that aims to develop systems that can automatically recognize emotions. Up to the present, elicitation has been carried out with nonimmersive stimuli. This study, on the other hand, aims to develop an emotion recognition system for affective states evoked through Immersive Virtual Environments. Four alternative virtual rooms were designed to elicit four possible arousal-valence combinations, as described in each quadrant of the Circumplex Model of Affects. An experiment involving the recording of the electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) of sixty participants was carried out. A set of features was extracted from these signals using various state-of-the-art metrics that quantify brain and cardiovascular linear and nonlinear dynamics, which were input into a Support Vector Machine classifier to predict the subject's arousal and valence perception. The model's accuracy was 75.00% along the arousal dimension and 71.21% along the valence dimension. Our findings validate the use of Immersive Virtual Environments to elicit and automatically recognize different emotional states from neural and cardiac dynamics; this development could have novel applications in fields as diverse as Architecture, Health, Education and Videogames.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad. Spain (Project TIN2013-45736-R).Marín-Morales, J.; Higuera-Trujillo, JL.; Greco, A.; Guixeres Provinciale, J.; Llinares Millán, MDC.; Scilingo, EP.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.... (2018). Affective computing in virtual reality: emotion recognition from brain and heartbeat dynamics using wearable sensors. Scientific Reports. 8:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32063-4S1158Picard, R. W. Affective computing. (MIT press, 1997).Picard, R. W. Affective Computing: Challenges. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 59, 55–64 (2003).Jerritta, S., Murugappan, M., Nagarajan, R. & Wan, K. Physiological signals based human emotion Recognition: a review. Signal Process. its Appl. (CSPA), 2011 IEEE 7th Int. Colloq. 410–415, https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2011.5759912 (2011).Harms, M. B., Martin, A. & Wallace, G. L. Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: A review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychol. Rev. 20, 290–322 (2010).Koolagudi, S. G. & Rao, K. S. Emotion recognition from speech: A review. Int. J. Speech Technol. 15, 99–117 (2012).Gross, J. J. & Levenson, R. W. Emotion elicitation using films. Cogn. Emot. 9, 87–108 (1995).Lindal, P. J. & Hartig, T. Architectural variation, building height, and the restorative quality of urban residential streetscapes. J. Environ. Psychol. 33, 26–36 (2013).Ulrich, R. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science (80-.). 224, 420–421 (1984).Fernández-Caballero, A. et al. Smart environment architecture for emotion detection and regulation. J. Biomed. Inform. 64, 55–73 (2016).Ekman, P. Basic Emotions. Handbook of cognition and emotion 45–60, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0800349X (1999).Posner, J., Russell, J. A. & Peterson, B. S. The circumplex model of affect: an integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Dev. Psychopathol. 17, 715–34 (2005).Russell, J. A. & Mehrabian, A. Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. J. Res. Pers. 11, 273–294 (1977).Calvo, R. A. & D’Mello, S. Affect detection: An interdisciplinary review of models, methods, and their applications. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 1, 18–37 (2010).Valenza, G. et al. Combining electroencephalographic activity and instantaneous heart rate for assessing brain–heart dynamics during visual emotional elicitation in healthy subjects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 374, 20150176 (2016).Valenza, G., Lanata, A. & Scilingo, E. P. The role of nonlinear dynamics in affective valence and arousal recognition. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 3, 237–249 (2012).Valenza, G., Citi, L., Lanatá, A., Scilingo, E. P. & Barbieri, R. Revealing real-time emotional responses: a personalized assessment based on heartbeat dynamics. Sci. Rep. 4, 4998 (2014).Valenza, G. et al. Wearable monitoring for mood recognition in bipolar disorder based on history-dependent long-term heart rate variability analysis. IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. Informatics 18, 1625–1635 (2014).Piwek, L., Ellis, D. A., Andrews, S. & Joinson, A. The Rise of Consumer Health Wearables: Promises and Barriers. PLoS Med. 13, 1–9 (2016).Xu, J., Mitra, S., Van Hoof, C., Yazicioglu, R. & Makinwa, K. A. A. Active Electrodes for Wearable EEG Acquisition: Review and Electronics Design Methodology. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 3333, 1–1 (2017).Kumari, P., Mathew, L. & Syal, P. Increasing trend of wearables and multimodal interface for human activity monitoring: A review. Biosens. Bioelectron. 90, 298–307 (2017).He, C., Yao, Y. & Ye, X. An Emotion Recognition System Based on Physiological Signals Obtained by Wearable Sensors. In Wearable Sensors and Robots: Proceedings of International Conference on Wearable Sensors and Robots 2015 (eds Yang, C., Virk, G. S. & Yang, H.) 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2404-7_2 (Springer Singapore, 2017).Nakisa, B., Rastgoo, M. N., Tjondronegoro, D. & Chandran, V. Evolutionary computation algorithms for feature selection of EEG-based emotion recognition using mobile sensors. Expert Syst. Appl. 93, 143–155 (2018).Kory Jacqueline, D. & Sidney, K. Affect Elicitation for Affective Computing. In The Oxford Handbook of Affective Computing 371–383 (2014).Ekman, P. The directed facial action task. In Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment 47–53 (2007).Harmon-Jones, E., Amodio, D. M. & Zinner, L. R. Social psychological methods of emotion elicitation. Handb. Emot. elicitation Assess. 91–105, https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.7.863 (2007)Roberts, N. A., Tsai, J. L. & Coan, J. A. Emotion elicitation using dyadic interaction task. Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment 106–123 (2007).Nardelli, M., Valenza, G., Greco, A., Lanata, A. & Scilingo, E. P. Recognizing emotions induced by affective sounds through heart rate variability. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 6, 385–394 (2015).Kim, J. Emotion Recognition Using Speech and Physiological Changes. Robust Speech Recognit. Underst. 265–280 (2007).Soleymani, M., Pantic, M. & Pun, T. Multimodal emotion recognition in response to videos (Extended abstract). 2015 Int. Conf. Affect. Comput. Intell. Interact. ACII 2015 3, 491–497 (2015).Baños, R. M. et al. Immersion and Emotion: Their Impact on the Sense of Presence. CyberPsychology Behav. 7, 734–741 (2004).Giglioli, I. A. C., Pravettoni, G., Martín, D. L. S., Parra, E. & Raya, M. A. A novel integrating virtual reality approach for the assessment of the attachment behavioral system. Front. Psychol. 8, 1–7 (2017).Marín-Morales, J., Torrecilla, C., Guixeres, J. & Llinares, C. Methodological bases for a new platform for the measurement of human behaviour in virtual environments. DYNA 92, 34–38 (2017).Vince, J. Introduction to virtual reality. (Media, Springer Science & Business, 2004).Alcañiz, M., Baños, R., Botella, C. & Rey, B. The EMMA Project: Emotions as a Determinant of Presence. PsychNology J. 1, 141–150 (2003).Vecchiato, G. et al. Neurophysiological correlates of embodiment and motivational factors during the perception of virtual architectural environments. Cogn. Process. 16, 425–429 (2015).Slater, M. & Wilbur, S. A Framework for Immersive Virtual Environments (FIVE): Speculations on the Role of Presence in Virtual Environments. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ. 6, 603–616 (1997).Riva, G. et al. Affective Interactions Using Virtual Reality: The Link between Presence and Emotions. CyberPsychology Behav. 10, 45–56 (2007).Baños, R. M. et al Changing induced moods via virtual reality. In International Conference on Persuasive Technology (ed. Springer, Berlin, H.) 7–15, https://doi.org/10.1007/11755494_3 (2006).Baños, R. M. et al. Positive mood induction procedures for virtual environments designed for elderly people. Interact. Comput. 24, 131–138 (2012).Gorini, A. et al. Emotional Response to Virtual Reality Exposure across Different Cultures: The Role of the AttributionProcess. CyberPsychology Behav. 12, 699–705 (2009).Gorini, A., Capideville, C. S., De Leo, G., Mantovani, F. & Riva, G. The Role of Immersion and Narrative in Mediated Presence: The Virtual Hospital Experience. Cyberpsychology, Behav. Soc. Netw. 14, 99–105 (2011).Chirico, A. et al. Effectiveness of Immersive Videos in Inducing Awe: An Experimental Study. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–11 (2017).Blascovich, J. et al. Immersive Virtual Environment Technology as a Methodological Tool for Social Psychology. Psychol. Inq. 7965, 103–124 (2012).Peperkorn, H. M., Alpers, G. W. & Mühlberger, A. Triggers of fear: Perceptual cues versus conceptual information in spider phobia. J. Clin. Psychol. 70, 704–714 (2014).McCall, C., Hildebrandt, L. K., Bornemann, B. & Singer, T. Physiophenomenology in retrospect: Memory reliably reflects physiological arousal during a prior threatening experience. Conscious. Cogn. 38, 60–70 (2015).Hildebrandt, L. K., Mccall, C., Engen, H. G. & Singer, T. Cognitive flexibility, heart rate variability, and resilience predict fine-grained regulation of arousal during prolonged threat. Psychophysiology 53, 880–890 (2016).Notzon, S. et al. Psychophysiological effects of an iTBS modulated virtual reality challenge including participants with spider phobia. Biol. Psychol. 112, 66–76 (2015).Amaral, C. P., Simões, M. A., Mouga, S., Andrade, J. & Castelo-Branco, M. A novel Brain Computer Interface for classification of social joint attention in autism and comparison of 3 experimental setups: A feasibility study. J. Neurosci. Methods 290, 105–115 (2017).Eudave, L. & Valencia, M. Physiological response while driving in an immersive virtual environment. 2017 IEEE 14th Int. Conf. Wearable Implant. Body Sens. Networks 145–148, https://doi.org/10.1109/BSN.2017.7936028 (2017).Sharma, G. et al. Influence of landmarks on wayfinding and brain connectivity in immersive virtual reality environment. Front. Psychol. 8, 1–12 (2017).Bian, Y. et al. A framework for physiological indicators of flow in VR games: construction and preliminary evaluation. Pers. Ubiquitous Comput. 20, 821–832 (2016).Egan, D. et al. An evaluation of Heart Rate and Electrodermal Activity as an Objective QoE Evaluation method for Immersive Virtual Reality Environments. 3–8, https://doi.org/10.1109/QoMEX.2016.7498964 (2016).Meehan, M., Razzaque, S., Insko, B., Whitton, M. & Brooks, F. P. Review of four studies on the use of physiological reaction as a measure of presence in stressful virtual environments. Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback 30, 239–258 (2005).Higuera-Trujillo, J. L., López-Tarruella Maldonado, J. & Llinares Millán, C. Psychological and physiological human responses to simulated and real environments: A comparison between Photographs, 360° Panoramas, and Virtual Reality. Appl. Ergon. 65, 398–409 (2016).Felnhofer, A. et al. Is virtual reality emotionally arousing? Investigating five emotion inducing virtual park scenarios. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 82, 48–56 (2015).Anderson, A. P. et al. Relaxation with Immersive Natural Scenes Presented Using Virtual Reality. Aerosp. Med. Hum. Perform. 88, 520–526 (2017).Higuera, J. L. et al. Emotional cartography in design: A novel technique to represent emotional states altered by spaces. In D and E 2016: 10th International Conference on Design and Emotion 561–566 (2016).Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L. & Williams, J. B. W. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 16, 606–613 (2001).Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 25, 49–59 (1994).Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M. & Cuthbert, B. N. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Technical Manual and Affective Ratings. NIMH Cent. Study Emot. Atten. 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000147 (1997).Nanda, U., Pati, D., Ghamari, H. & Bajema, R. Lessons from neuroscience: form follows function, emotions follow form. Intell. Build. Int. 5, 61–78 (2013).Russell, J. A. A circumplex model of affect. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 39, 1161–1178 (1980).Sejima, K. Kazuyo Sejima. 1988–1996. El Croquis 15 (1996).Ochiai, H. et al. Physiological and Psychological Effects of Forest Therapy on Middle-Aged Males with High-NormalBlood Pressure. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12, 2532–2542 (2015).Noguchi, H. & Sakaguchi, T. Effect of illuminance and color temperature on lowering of physiological activity. Appl. Hum. Sci. 18, 117–123 (1999).Küller, R., Mikellides, B. & Janssens, J. Color, arousal, and performance—A comparison of three experiments. Color Res. Appl. 34, 141–152 (2009).Yildirim, K., Hidayetoglu, M. L. & Capanoglu, A. Effects of interior colors on mood and preference: comparisons of two living rooms. Percept. Mot. Skills 112, 509–524 (2011).Hogg, J., Goodman, S., Porter, T., Mikellides, B. & Preddy, D. E. Dimensions and determinants of judgements of colour samples and a simulated interior space by architects and non‐architects. Br. J. Psychol. 70, 231–242 (1979).Jalil, N. A., Yunus, R. M. & Said, N. S. Environmental Colour Impact upon Human Behaviour: A Review. Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci. 35, 54–62 (2012).Jacobs, K. W. & Hustmyer, F. E. Effects of four psychological primary colors on GSR, heart rate and respiration rate. Percept. Mot. Skills 38, 763–766 (1974).Jin, H. R., Yu, M., Kim, D. W., Kim, N. G. & Chung, A. S. W. Study on Physiological Responses to Color Stimulation. In International Association of Societies of Design Research (ed. Poggenpohl, S.) 1969–1979 (Korean Society of Design Science, 2009).Vartanian, O. et al. Impact of contour on aesthetic judgments and approach-avoidance decisions in architecture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 1–8 (2013).Tsunetsugu, Y., Miyazaki, Y. & Sato, H. Visual effects of interior design in actual-size living rooms on physiological responses. Build. Environ. 40, 1341–1346 (2005).Stamps, A. E. Physical Determinants of Preferences for Residential Facades. Environ. Behav. 31, 723–751 (1999).Berlyne, D. E. Novelty, Complexity, and Hedonic Value. Percept. Psychophys. 8, 279–286 (1970).Krueger, R. A. & Casey, M. Focus groups: a practical guide for applied research. (Sage Publications, 2000).Acharya, U. R., Joseph, K. P., Kannathal, N., Lim, C. M. & Suri, J. S. Heart rate variability: A review. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 44, 1031–1051 (2006).Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J. P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-aho, P. O. & Karjalainen, P. A. Kubios HRV - Heart rate variability analysis software. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 113, 210–220 (2014).Pan, J. & Tompkins, W. J. A real-time QRS detection algorithm. Biomed. Eng. IEEE Trans. 1, 230–236 (1985).Tarvainen, M. P., Ranta-aho, P. O. & Karjalainen, P. A. An advanced detrending method with application to HRV analysis. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 49, 172–175 (2002).Valenza, G. et al. Predicting Mood Changes in Bipolar Disorder Through HeartbeatNonlinear Dynamics. IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. Informatics 20, 1034–1043 (2016).Pincus, S. & Viscarello, R. Approximate Entropy A regularity measure for fetal heart rate analysis. Obstet. Gynecol. 79, 249–255 (1992).Richman, J. & Moorman, J. Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. Am J Physiol Hear. Circ Physiol 278, H2039–H2049 (2000).Peng, C.-K., Havlin, S., Stanley, H. E. & Goldberger, A. L. Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series. Chaos 5, 82–87 (1995).Grassberger, P. & Procaccia, I. Characterization of strange attractors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 346–349 (1983).Delorme, A. & Makeig, S. EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Methods 134, 9–21 (2004).Colomer Granero, A. et al. A Comparison of Physiological Signal Analysis Techniques and Classifiers for Automatic Emotional Evaluation of Audiovisual Contents. Front. Comput. Neurosci. 10, 1–14 (2016).Kober, S. E., Kurzmann, J. & Neuper, C. Cortical correlate of spatial presence in 2D and 3D interactive virtual reality: An EEG study. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 83, 365–374 (2012).Hyvärinen, A. & Oja, E. Independent component analysis: Algorithms and applications. Neural Networks 13, 411–430 (2000).Welch, P. D. The Use of Fast Fourier Transform for the Estimation of Power Spectra: A Method Based on Time Aver. aging Over Short, Modified Periodograms. IEEE Trans. AUDIO Electroacoust. 15, 70–73 (1967).Mormann, F., Lehnertz, K., David, P. & Elger, E. C. Mean phase coherence as a measure for phase synchronization and its application to the EEG of epilepsy patients. Phys. D Nonlinear Phenom. 144, 358–369 (2000).Jolliffe, I. T. Principal Component Analysis, Second Edition. Encycl. Stat. Behav. Sci. 30, 487 (2002).Schöllkopf, B., Smola, A. J., Williamson, R. C. & Bartlett, P. L. New support vector algorithms. Neural Comput 12, 1207–1245 (2000).Yan, K. & Zhang, D. Feature selection and analysis on correlated gas sensor data with recursive feature elimination. Sensors Actuators, B Chem. 212, 353–363 (2015).Chang, C.-C. & Lin, C.-J. Libsvm: A Library for Support Vector Machines. ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. 2, 1–27 (2011).Lewis, P. A., Critchley, H. D., Rotshtein, P. & Dolan, R. J. Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words. Cereb. Cortex 17, 742–748 (2007).McCall, C., Hildebrandt, L. K., Hartmann, R., Baczkowski, B. M. & Singer, T. Introducing the Wunderkammer as a tool for emotion research: Unconstrained gaze and movement patterns in three emotionally evocative virtual worlds. Comput. Human Behav. 59, 93–107 (2016).Blake, J. & Gurocak, H. B. Haptic glove with MR brakes for virtual reality. IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics 14, 606–615 (2009).Heydarian, A. et al. Immersive virtual environments versus physical built environments: A benchmarking study for building design and user-built environment explorations. Autom. Constr. 54, 116–126 (2015).Kuliga, S. F., Thrash, T., Dalton, R. C. & Hölscher, C. Virtual reality as an empirical research tool - Exploring user experience in a real building and a corresponding virtual model. Comput. Environ. Urban Syst. 54, 363–375 (2015).Yeom, D., Choi, J.-H. & Zhu, Y. Investigation of the Physiological Differences between Immersive Virtual Environment and Indoor Enviorment in a Building. Indoor adn Built Enviornment 0, Accept (2017).Combrisson, E. & Jerbi, K. Exceeding chance level by chance: The caveat of theoretical chance levels in brain signal classification and statistical assessment of decoding accuracy. J. Neurosci. Methods 250, 126–136 (2015).He, C., Yao, Y. & Ye, X. An Emotion Recognition System Based on Physiological Signals Obtained by Wearable Sensors. In Wearable Sensors and Robots: Proceedings of International Conference on Wearable Sensors and Robots 2015 (eds. Yang, C., Virk, G. S. & Yang, H.) 15–25, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2404-7_2 (Springer Singapore, 2017)
    corecore