Enhanced Wavelet Analysis of Solar Magnetic Activity with Comparison to Global Temperature and the Central England Temperature Record

The continuous wavelet transform may be enhanced by deconvolution with the wavelet response function. After correcting for the cone-of-influence, the power spectral density of the solar magnetic record as given by the derectified yearly sunspot number is calculated, revealing a spectrum of odd harmonics of the fundamental Hale cycle, and the integrated instant power is compared to a reconstruction of global temperature in a normalized scatter plot displaying a positive correlation after the turn of the twentieth century. Comparison of the spectrum with that obtained from the Central England Temperature record suggests that some features are shared while others are not, and the scatter plot again indicates a possible correlation.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure

Towards a Multi-Scaled Functional-Structural Model of Apple, Linking Ecophysiology at the Fruit and Branch Scales

A multitude of data on eco-physiological processes in apple (Malus x domestica) is available, concerning various aspects of fruit growth and development, fruit quality, or leaf photosynthesis. However, despite the wealth of data and studies many processes leading to (inter-annual and intra-arboreal) heterogeneity in quantity of fruit production as well as fruit quality are still only poorly understood at the branch level Current Functional-Structural Plant Models of apple have targeted canopy architecture, i.e. development of vegetative structures. Here we will present a concept to apply the FSPM paradigm to the simulation of assimilation (source), transport and consumption (sink) of carbon in the context of a static structure representing the limb (fruit-bearing branch)

4,4′,6,6′-Tetra­methyl-2,2′-bipyrimidine hexa­hydrate

In the title compound, C12H14N4·6H2O, the two pyrimidine rings make a dihedral angle of 5.285 (6)°. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the six water mol­ecules, generating edge-fused four-, five- or six-membered ring motifs and forming two-dimensional sheets. The sheets are stabilized by the formation of O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the water mol­ecules and the bipyrimidine mol­ecules, resulting in a three-dimensional network

Heterogeneous Timed Machines

International audienceWe present an algebra of discrete timed input/output au- tomata that execute in the context of different clock granularities -- timed machines -- as models of systems that can be dynamically inter- connected at run time in a heterogeneous context. We show how timed machines can be refined to a lower granularity of time and how timed machines with different clock granularities can be composed. We propose techniques for checking whether timed machines are consistent or feasi- ble. Finally, we investigate how consistency and feasibility of composition can be proved at run-time without computing products of automata

Engineered transposon for improved cell line development

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Illuminating Vestige: Amateur Archaeology and the Emergence of Historical Consciousness in Rural France

This article provides a historical ethnography of an abrupt and transient awakening of interest in Roman vestige during the 1970s in rural France, and explores its implications for comparative understanding of historical consciousness in Western Europe. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Languedoc, and particularly the commune of Monadières, it details a vogue for collecting pottery shards scattered in a nearby lagoon that developed among local inhabitants. The article frames this as a ritualized “expressive historicity” emergent from political economic restructuring, cultural transformation, and time-space compression. It analyses the catalyzing role of a historian who introduced discursive forms into the commune for symbolizing the shards, drawn from regionalist and socialist historiography, which local people adapted to rearticulate the historicity of lived experience as a novel, hybrid genre of “historical consciousness.” These activities are conceptualized as a “reverse historiography.” Elements of historiographical and archaeological discourses—for example, chronological depth, collation and evaluation of material relics—are reinvented to alternate ends, partly as a subversive “response” to contact with such discourses. The practice emerges as a mediation of distinct ways of apprehending the world at a significant historical juncture. Analysis explores the utility of new anthropological theories of “historicity”—an alternative to the established “historical idiom” for analyzing our relations with the past—which place historiography within the analytical frame, and enable consideration of the temporality of historical experience. Findings suggest that the alterity of popular Western cultural practices for invoking the past would reward further study

Direct Infection and Replication of Naturally Occurring Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Normal Human Hepatocyte Cultures

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection afflicts about 170 million individuals worldwide. However, the HCV life cycle is only partially understood because it has not been possible to infect normal human hepatocytes in culture. The current Huh-7 systems use cloned, synthetic HCV RNA expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to produce virions, but these cells cannot be infected with naturally occurring HCV obtained from infected patients.Here, we describe a human hepatocyte culture permissible to the direct infection with naturally occurring HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the blood of HCV-infected patients. The culture system mimics the biology and kinetics of HCV infection in humans, and produces infectious virions that can infect naïve human hepatocytes.This culture system should complement the existing systems, and may facilitate the understanding of the HCV life cycle, its effects in the natural host cell, the hepatocyte, as well as the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines

Cavity QED with Diamond Nanocrystals and Silica Microspheres

Normal mode splitting is observed in a cavity QED system, in which nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals are coupled to whispering gallery modes in a silica microsphere. The composite nanocrystal-microsphere system takes advantage of the exceptional spin properties of nitrogen vacancy centers as well as the ultra high quality factor of silica microspheres. The observation of the normal mode splitting indicates that the dipole optical interaction between the relevant nitrogen vacancy center and whispering gallery mode has reached the strong coupling regime of cavity QED