Valeur nutritionnelle des légumes feuilles consommés en Côte d’Ivoire

La composition nutritionnelle de cinq légumes feuilles (Amaranthus hybridus, Celosia argentea, Corchorus olitorius, Cleome gynandra, solanum nigrum) collectés sur un site maraîcher (Port-Bouet) et deux marchés (Abobo-gare et Gouro) a été déterminée. Les résultats révèlent que les teneurs en nutriment des légumes feuilles sont plus élevées au niveau des marchés que sur le site maraîcher. Ainsi les feuilles sont riches en éléments minéraux avec des valeurs en potassium comprises entre 3034 et 22403 mg / 100 g de MS. La teneur en calcium varie de 1546 à 5663 mg / 100 g de MS, celle du phosphore varie de 1369 à 2410 mg / 100 g de MS. Au niveau de la teneur en magnésium, elle est comprise entre 394 et 1947 mg / 100 g de MS. La teneur en fer varie de 09 à 56 mg / 100 g de MS. Les teneurs en protéines sont de plus de 25%. Les légumes feuilles sont de bonnes sources de glucide (sucres totaux et réducteurs) avec des teneurs comprises entre 64 et 136 mg / 100 g de MS pour les sucres réducteurs et 443 à 1381 mg / 100 g de MS pour les sucres totaux. Cette étude montre que les légumes feuilles peuvent concourir au bien-être de l’organisme par leur apport en protéines et minéraux.Mots clés: Légumes-feuilles; valeur nutritionnelle; nutriments, post-récolte, Côte d’Ivoir

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial: study protocol for a multicentre international trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy with low-dose inotrope infusion compared with usual care in patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative morbidity and mortality in older patients with comorbidities undergoing gastrointestinal surgery are a major burden on healthcare systems. Infections after surgery are common in such patients, prolonging hospitalisation and reducing postoperative short-term and long-term survival. Optimal management of perioperative intravenous fluids and inotropic drugs may reduce infection rates and improve outcomes from surgery. Previous small trials of cardiac-output-guided haemodynamic therapy algorithms suggested a modest reduction in postoperative morbidity. A large definitive trial is needed to confirm or refute this and inform widespread clinical practice. METHODS: The Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial is a multicentre, international, parallel group, open, randomised controlled trial. 2502 high-risk patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation to minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide protocolised administration of intravenous fluid combined with low-dose inotrope infusion, or usual care. The trial intervention will be carried out during and for 4 hours after surgery. The primary outcome is postoperative infection of Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher within 30 days of randomisation. Participants and those delivering the intervention will not be blinded to treatment allocation; however, outcome assessors will be blinded when feasible. Participant recruitment started in January 2017 and is scheduled to last 3 years, within 50 hospitals worldwide. ETHICS/DISSEMINATION: The OPTIMISE II trial has been approved by the UK National Research Ethics Service and has been approved by responsible ethics committees in all participating countries. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a widely accessible peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN39653756.The OPTIMISE II trial is supported by Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA) and the UK National Institute for Health Research through RMP’s NIHR Professorship

Variabilité de la composition chimique de l’huile essentielle des feuilles de Lippia multiflora cultivées en Côte d’Ivoire

Objectif : caractériser les huiles essentielles des feuilles de Lippia multiflora et d’étudier la variabilité de composition chimique de l’huile essentielle (HE) des feuilles de Lippia multiflora cultivées en Côte d’Ivoire au cours d’une annéeMéthodologie et résultats : les 144 échantillons d'HE ont été extraites par hydrodistillation selon le procédé décrit par la Pharmacopée Européenne 5ème édition, puis l'analyse a été effectuée au moyen des techniques deChromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS) pour l'identification des composés, couplée à un détecteur à ionisation de flamme pour leur quantification. Les résultats montre que lesphénols sont présents dans la quasi-totalité des échantillons étudiées, le carvacrol et le thymol sont les plus représenté puisque les HE de  Bondoukou en renferment plus de 30 %, tandis que le thymol atteint des  teneurs de moins de 10 % dans les HE d’Abidjan et Toumodi. Les  monoterpènes et sesquiterpènes sont présents dans les huiles étudiées.Conclusions et applications de résultats : Les résultats obtenus ont  montré, d’une part, une variabilité chimique en fonction de l’origine géographique: les sites d’Abidjan et de Toumodi sont caractérisés par des compositions similaires en composés terpéniques aromatiques qui apparaissent très différentes des échantillons provenant de Bondoukou. D’autre part, l’analyse statistique a aussi été conduite afin d'étudier la variabilité de la composition chimique en fonction de la date de récolte pour chacun des 3 sites de culture. Les résultats ont permis d’identifier, pour chacun des sites, la période de récolte correspondant à la teneur maximale en composés d’intérêt pharmacologique. Notre travail a donc permis d'une part d'indiquer des compositions d'HE non encore étudiées à ce jour en Côte d’Ivoire et d'autre part de mettre en évidence des  spécificités intra et inter espèces. (Variability of the chemical composition of the essential oil of Lippia multiflora leaves grown in Ivory Coast)(Variability of the chemical composition of the essential oil of Lippia multiflora leaves grown in Ivory Coast)Objective: Characterize the essential oils (EO) of Lippia multiflora leaves and study the variability of chemical composition of the essential oil from the Lippia multiflora leaves grown in the Ivory Coast in a yearMethodology and results : 144 samples of EO was extracted by steam  distillation according to the process described by the European  Pharmacopoeia 5th Edition, then the analysis was carried out using chromatographic techniques in the gas phase coupled with mass spectrometry (GC -MS) for the identification of compounds, coupled with a flame ionization detector for their quantification. The results show that phenols are present in almost all samples studied, carvacrol and thymol are the most represented as Bondoukou the EO contained in more than 30%, while thymol reached levels of less than 10% EO in Abidjan and Toumodi. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are present in the investigated oils.Conclusion and application: The results showed, a chemical variability depending on the geographical origin. Abidjan and Toumodi sites were characterized by similar compositions in aromatic terpene compounds thatappear very different from samples of Bondoukou. On the other hand, the statistical analysis was also conducted to study the variability of the  chemical composition depending on the harvest date for each of the three cultural sites. The results were used to identify, for each site, the harvest period corresponding to the maximum content of compounds of  pharmacological interest. This work has allowed knowledge of compositionsof EO not yet studied to date in Ivory Coast and also to highlight the  specific intra and inter species

Decentralized human tracking in visual sensor networks: using sparse representation for efficient communication

The recent advances in camera sensors and development of new distributed processing algorithms have enabled a new kind of wireless sensor networks namely the visual sensor networks (VSNs). VSNs consist of a network of image sensors, embedded processors, and wireless transceivers which are powered by batteries. The constraints on energy and bandwidth resources challenge setting up a tracking system in VSNs. In this chapter, we present a sparsity-driven decentralized framework for multi-camera human tracking in VSNs. The traditional centralized approaches involve sending compressed images to a central processing unit, which, in the case of severe bandwidth constraints, can hurt the performance of further processing (i.e., tracking) because of low-quality images. Instead, we propose a decentralized tracking framework in which each camera node performs feature extraction and obtains likelihood functions. We propose a sparsity-driven method that can obtain bandwidth-efficient representation of likelihoods. Our approach involves the design of special overscomplete dictionaries that match the structure of the likelihoods and the transmission of likelihood information in the network through sparse representation in such dictionaries. By exploiting information from the sparse representation obtained in the previous frame, we spatially constrain the set of allowed dictionary coefficients in the current frame to reduce the size of the optimization problem and hence, the computation time. Experimental results show that our sparse representation framework is an effective approach that can be used together with any probabilistic tracker and that can provide major savings in communication bandwidth without significant degradation in tracking performance