Cell Motility and Cancer

Cell migration is an essential systemic behavior, tightly regulated, of all living cells endowed with directional motility that is involved in the major developmental stages of all complex organisms such as morphogenesis, embryogenesis, organogenesis, adult tissue remodeling, wound healing, immunological cell activities, angiogenesis, tissue repair, cell differentiation, tissue regeneration as well as in a myriad of pathological conditions. However, how cells efficiently regulate their locomotion movements is still unclear. Since migration is also a crucial issue in cancer development, the goal of this narrative is to show the connection between basic findings in cell locomotion of unicellular eukaryotic organisms and the regulatory mechanisms of cell migration necessary for tumor invasion and metastases. More specifically, the review focuses on three main issues, (i) the regulation of the locomotion system in unicellular eukaryotic organisms and human cells, (ii) how the nucleus does not significantly affect the migratory trajectories of cells in two-dimension (2D) surfaces and (iii) the conditioned behavior detected in single cells as a primitive form of learning and adaptation to different contexts during cell migration. New findings in the control of cell motility both in unicellular organisms and mammalian cells open up a new framework in the understanding of the complex processes involved in systemic cellular locomotion and adaptation of a wide spectrum of diseases with high impact in the society such as cancer

Effects of cavitation in common-rail diesel nozzles on the mixing process

[EN] A study to experimentally analyze the effect of cavitation on the mixing process in diesel nozzles was carried out. The mixing process was studied through the spray cone angle. It was characterized in two different scenarios: with the liquid length (nearly realistic conditions, that is, evaporative but non-reactive spray) and the heat release fraction (fully realistic conditions, that is, evaporative and reactive spray). In both studied scenarios, the increase in spray cone angle caused by the cavitation phenomenon, which leads to a better mixing process, has been confirmed. Nevertheless, when the variations of the effective injection velocity and the spray cone angle obtained by comparing a cylindrical nozzle (i.e. a nozzle that promotes the cavitation phenomenon) with a conical nozzle (i.e. a nozzle that inhibits this phenomenon) were analyzed together, it was found that, for the cases studied here, the mixing process worsens with the cylindrical nozzle.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors thank the FPU program of the Spanish Ministry of Education for supporting the PhD studies of Oscar A de la Garza (grant: AP2008-01913) and also thank the PSA Peugeot-Citroen, National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT) of the Mexican Government (project: CB-239943) and the Royal Academy of Engineering, United Kingdom (project: NRCP/1415/238) for supporting this research.López, JJ.; De La Garza De Leon, O.; De La Morena, J.; Martínez Martínez, S. (2017). Effects of cavitation in common-rail diesel nozzles on the mixing process. International Journal of Engine Research. 18(10):1017-1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417697759S10171034181

Querying a Polynomial Object-Relational Constraint Database in Model-Based Diagnosis

Many papers related to Constraint Databases (CDBs) theories exist, including proposals that present frameworks for the treatment of constraints as a new data type. Our proposal presents a new way of storing and manipulating constraints as a usual data, and of making queries about the constraint variables derived from an Object-Relational Constraint Database (ORCDB). In this work, the constraints stored in an ORCDB are only polynomial equality constraints. The proposal is based on Gr¨obner bases, constraint consistency and constraint optimisation techniques. Most works in CDB use spatial-temporal data as a case study, however this work presents an emergent engineering domain, that of fault diagnosis.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología DPI2003-07146-C02-0

HPV genotype distribution and anomalous association of HPV33 to cervical neoplastic lesions in San Luis Potosí, Mexico

" Background: The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) types to neoplastic lesions increase as a function of their oncogenicity and the duration of the infection since lesion severity progresses from low-grade to high-grade and cancer. In an outbreak, the prevalence of the HPV type involved would increase and the proportion of the associated low-grade lesions would predominate over severe lesions. In this study, the prevalence of HPV types and their association to neoplastic lesions was determined in women subjected to colposcopy in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Methods: DNA from high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPV types was identified by E6 nested multiplex PCR in cervical scrapes from 700 women with normal cytology, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer (CC). Results: Overall HPV-DNA prevalence was 67.7 %, that of HR-HPV was 63.1 %, and that of LR-HPV was 21.3 %. The highest prevalence (78.2 %) occurred in the 15-24 year group, whereas that of single infections was 52 % and that of multiple infections (i.e., by 2-6 HPV types) was 48 %. The most prevalent HR types were HPV33 (33.1 %), HPV16 (16.6 %), HPV18 and HPV51 (6.7 % each). HR-HPV prevalence was 29.6 % in normal cytology, 26.7 % in ASCUS, 63.3 % in LSIL, 68.2 % in HSIL, and 90.5 % in CC. Three prevalence trends for HR-HPV types were found in neoplastic lesions of increasing severity: increasing (LSIL CC) for HPV33. Conclusions: Two-thirds of the women subjected to colposcopy from 2007 to 2010 in San Luis Potosi have HPV infections which predominate in the 15-24 years group. Around half of the infections are by one viral type and the rest by 2-6 types. HPV33 is the most prevalent type, followed by HPV16. Overall HR-HPV prevalence increases with the severity of neoplastic lesions. HPV33 prevalence is highest in LSIL and its U-shaped trend with progressing neoplastic lesions differs from the growing/asymptotic trends of other HR-HPV types. An ongoing or recent HPV33 outbreak is consistent with its high prevalence and anomalous association to LSIL.

Index for asset value measure obtained from condition monitoring digitalized data interpretation. A railway asset management application

Hosted by the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. May 23-24, 2019The objective of any asset is to provide value to the organization, being the corner stone to get a highest possible economic benefit in a sustainable way. An effective asset value management demands method that allow measuring and comparing the expected value with the real value realized at any time during its life cycle for value informed decision-making. Digitalization is providing new data about events and states related to asset condition and risk, information that can be reinterpreted to generate value measure strategies. This paper presents a proposal of TVO (Total Value of Ownership) model where it is possible to quantify and measure the value, including its monitoring throughout the life cycle of the asset and/or system. Proposed TVO model is focused on Safety, one of the most relevant value factors for Industry and Infrastructure sectors. Asset events and states are intrinsically linked to the defined failure modes. Consequently, it is necessary to structure the system information around the failure modes that have been defined, in order to obtain a value measurement index. A railway use case is presented

Intervención farmacéutica en un caso de bradicardia asociada al uso de timolol por vía oftálmica

Una paciente habitual de nuestra farmacia comunitaria nos consulta acerca de un cuadro de astenia, debilidad y fatiga de varias semanas de evolución. Tras realizar el estado de situación inicial y estudiar el caso detectamos varios problemas relacionados con medicamentos, siendo una marcada bradicardia el más acuciante. El estudio en detalle de la farmacoterapia de la paciente revela que la fracción de timolol absorbida tras su instilación ocular, que emplea para tratar su hipertensión ocular, podría ser responsable de una acusada disminución de su frecuencia cardiaca. Dicha bradicardia puede ser especialmente significativa en personas de edad avanzada y en individuos que, como consecuencia del polimorfismo de la enzima responsable del metabolismo de timolol, expresan un determinado genotipo con menor capacidad de biotransformación. Intervenimos indicando a la paciente la conveniencia de que su médico valorase otras opciones para el tratamiento de la hipertensión ocular. Tras una visita a urgencias por el agravamiento de los síntomas, se constata la bradicardia severa y el betabloqueante es sustituido por un tratamiento alternativo (latanoprost). La intervención farmacéutica resulta en la retirada de timolol, la remisión de los síntomas y en la resolución de dos problemas relacionados con medicamentos

Intervención farmacéutica en un caso de bradicardia asociada al uso de timolol por vía oftálmica

Una paciente habitual de nuestra farmacia comunitaria nos consulta acerca de un cuadro de astenia, debilidad y fatiga de varias semanas de evolución. Tras realizar el estado de situación inicial y estudiar el caso detectamos varios problemas relacionados con medicamentos, siendo una marcada bradicardia el más acuciante. El estudio en detalle de la farmacoterapia de la paciente revela que la fracción de timolol absorbida tras su instilación ocular, que emplea para tratar su hipertensión ocular, podría ser responsable de una acusada disminución de su frecuencia cardiaca. Dicha bradicardia puede ser especialmente significativa en personas de edad avanzada y en individuos que, como consecuencia del polimorfismo de la enzima responsable del metabolismo de timolol, expresan un determinado genotipo con menor capacidad de biotransformación. Intervenimos indicando a la paciente la conveniencia de que su médico valorase otras opciones para el tratamiento de la hipertensión ocular. Tras una visita a urgencias por el agravamiento de los síntomas, se constata la bradicardia severa y el betabloqueante es sustituido por un tratamiento alternativo (latanoprost). La intervención farmacéutica resulta en la retirada de timolol, la remisión de los síntomas y en la resolución de dos problemas relacionados con medicamentos

Methodological procedures explain observed differences in the competence of European populations of Aedes albopictus for the transmission of Zika virus

The risk of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Europe greatly depends on the capacity of Aedes albopictus to transmit ZIKV. Experimental studies of the vector competence of European populations of this invasive mosquito species provided contrasting results, that may suggest differences between mosquito populations in ZIKV competence and/or differences in the methodological procedures used on the experimental studies. We systematically reviewed published studies of experimental mosquito infections and show that differences detected in the infection and transmission rates of Ae. albopictus are mostly due to differences between studies in the temperature, the viral load used to inoculate mosquitoes, and the number of days post-exposure (dpe) to the virus at which mosquitoes were analysed. In particular, the proportion of infected mosquitoes was affected by the viral load inoculated and the dpe, whereas the transmission rate was influenced by the viral load and temperature. Thus, the methodological differences used in these studies greatly affect the conclusions obtained regarding the role of Ae. albopictus in Europe as a competent vector for ZIKV and its epidemiological relevance

13. Integrating information on the role of mosquitoes for the transmission of pathogens of wildlife

Traditionally, mosquitoes have been studied given their relevance as vectors of pathogens that affect humans. However, in recent decades, their relevance as vectors of pathogens that affect wildlife has become evident. For this reason, multidisciplinary research disciplines have been developed focusing on the ecology, epidemiology and evolution of the interactions between pathogens and their hosts, including the transmission dynamics of diseases. However, there is a gap in the knowledge of mosquito-borne pathogens that affect wildlife, being necessary to study the taxa diversity, using genomic tools and, of course, their life cycles and their vectors. However, the information on the vector competence of mosquitoes for the transmission of pathogens that affect wild animals is certainly scarce. Interspecific and intraspecific differences have been evidenced. This would determine the capacity of mosquitoes to transmit parasites that infect wild animals. Different factors such as physiological and biochemical processes, or the mosquito microbiota could determine these differential capacities of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens.RGL was partially supported by a Margalida Comas contract from the Government of the Balearic Islands co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (REF: PD/038/2019) and a Juan de la Cierva Formación contract (REF: FJC2019-041291-I). JMP was financed by the project PID2020-118205GB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)

Environmental awareness and curriculum sustainability, two tools on the road towards the sustainability of the University of Córdoba

El equipo de la Universidad de Córdoba autor de este trabajo lleva ya más de treinta años autodefiniéndose. Partiendo de un planteamiento de la educación ambiental más naturalista y centrado en los problemas de la conservación de la naturaleza, se ha ido derivando a planteamientos muchos más cercanos a la idea de sostenibilidad y sus objetivos definidos para el horizonte 2030. El presente artículo se dirige a realizar una revisión del compendio de trabajos e investigaciones desarrolladas, con un doble objetivo. El primero es el de presentarnos a la comunidad científica destinataria de esta nueva publicación, como grupo de trabajo universitario en Educación Ambiental (integrado en el grupo de investigación SEJ049 Evaluación educativa e innovación). Por otro, el de divulgar los hallazgos obtenidos y reflexionar sobre su utilidad. El título del artículo hace referencia a las dos grandes líneas de trabajo en las que nos estamos desenvolviendo: el estudio de la conciencia ambiental y de los procesos de sostenibilización curricular, con la formación del profesorado como principal catalizador.The team of the University of Córdoba author of this work has been self-defining for more than thirty years. Starting from a more naturalistic approach to environmental education focused on the problems of nature conservation, it has been evolving to approaches much closer to the idea of sustainability and its objectives defined for the 2030 horizon. This article aims to carry out a review of the compendium of works and research developed, with a double objective. The first is to present ourselves to the scientific community that is the receiver of this new publication, as a university work group on Environmental Education (integrated in the research group SEJ049 Educational evaluation and innovation). Secondly, to disseminate the findings of our research and reflect on its usefulness. The title of the article refers to the two main lines we are working in: the study of environmental awareness and curriculum sustainability processes, with teacher training as its main catalyst