A carbonate-banded iron formation transition in the Early Protorezoicum of South Africa

Seven new and two resurveyed stratigraphic sections through the important carbonate-BIF transition in Griqualand West are presented and compared with six published sections. Lateral correlation within this zone is attempted but the variability was found to be too great for meaningful subdivision. Substantial lithological irregularity is the only unifying character of this zone, for which the new name Finsch Member (Formation) is proposed. Vertical and lateral lithological variations as well as chemical changes across this zone are discussed with reference to environmental aspects. Local and regional considerations lead to the conclusion that fresh water-sea water mixing occurred in a shallowing basin

L’effet modérateur du soutien social hors-travail entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et l’épuisement professionnel chez la main-d’œuvre canadienne

Ce mémoire s’intéresse à mieux comprendre ce qui influence le développement de l’épuisement professionnel et vise à répondre à deux objectifs. Le premier est de vérifier si le soutien social hors-travail modère la relation entre les différentes conditions de l’organisation de travail et l’épuisement professionnel. Deuxièmement, la présente recherche vise à mieux cerner quelles conditions de l’organisation du travail (utilisation des compétences, autorité décisionnelle, demandes psychologiques, demandes physiques, horaire de travail irrégulier, nombre d’heures travaillées, soutien social des collègues, soutien social des superviseurs, harcèlement, reconnaissance et insécurité d’emploi) influencent directement l’épuisement professionnel. Cette étude est basée sur les données secondaires du premier cycle de l’Étude longitudinale de l’Observatoire sur la Santé et le Mieux-Être au travail (ELOSMET). L’échantillon final est composé de 2385 participants provenant de 90 établissements différents à travers le Canada. Des analyses descriptives, bivariées et multivariées (de type multiniveaux) ont été réalisées afin de répondre aux hypothèses de recherche. Les analyses multiniveaux n’ont pas démontré l’existence d’un effet de modération du soutien social hors-travail pour la relation entre les conditions de l’organisation du travail et l’épuisement professionnel. Aussi, les résultats montrent que le soutien social hors-travail n’influence pas non plus directement l’épuisement professionnel. Toutefois, les analyses multiniveaux montrent que sept des onze conditions de l’organisation du travail s’associent de manière significative à l’épuisement professionnel. L’utilisation des compétences, l’autorité décisionnelle, le soutien social du superviseur et la reconnaissance influencent négativement l’épuisement professionnel, alors que les demandes psychologiques, le harcèlement, et l’insécurité d’emploi l’influencent positivement. Nos résultats indiquent également que certaines de nos variables contrôles s’associent significativement à l’épuisement professionnel, soit le genre, le capital psychologique et le conflit travail-famille.This master thesis was conducted to examine what influence the development of burnout and aims to address two objectives. The first objective is to verify if social support outside the workplace moderates the relation between work organization conditions and burnout. Secondly, this research also aims to identify which work organization conditions (skill utilization, decision authority, psychological demands, physical demands, irregular work schedule, number of working hours, social support from colleagues, social support from supervisors, harassment, recognition, and job insecurity) directly influence burnout. This study is based on secondary data from the first cycle of the ELOSMET survey. The final sample is composed of 2385 participants from 90 different establishments across Canada. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate (multilevel) analyses were performed in order to address the research hypotheses. Multilevel analyses did not demonstrate the moderating effect of social support outside the workplace between work organization conditions and burnout. Also, the results showed that social support outside the workplace does not directly influence burnout either. However, multilevel analyses showed that seven of the eleven work organization conditions are significantly associated with burnout. Skill utilization, decision authority, supervisor social support, and recognition negatively influence burnout, whereas psychological demands, harassment, and job insecurity positively influence it. Our results also indicate that some of our control variables are significantly associated with burnout, namely gender, psychological capital, and work-family conflict

Advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea : a systematical review with emphasis on colostrum management and fluid therapy

Neonatal calf diarrhoea remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves worldwide. This complex disease can be triggered by both infectious and non-infectious causes. The four most important enteropathogens leading to neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea are Escherichia coli, rota-and coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium parvum. Besides treating diarrhoeic neonatal dairy calves, the veterinarian is the most obvious person to advise the dairy farmer on prevention and treatment of this disease. This review deals with prevention and treatment of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea focusing on the importance of a good colostrum management and a correct fluid therapy

European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke

Intravenous thrombolysis is the only approved systemic reperfusion treatment for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. These European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist physicians in their clinical decisions with regard to intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. These guidelines were developed based on the ESO standard operating procedure and followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and wrote recommendations. Expert consensus statements were provided if not enough evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. We found high quality evidence to recommend intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase to improve functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 h after symptom onset. We also found high quality evidence to recommend intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke on awakening from sleep, who were last seen well more than 4.5 h earlier, who have MRI DWI-FLAIR mismatch, and for whom mechanical thrombectomy is not planned. These guidelines provide further recommendations regarding patient subgroups, late time windows, imaging selection strategies, relative and absolute contraindications to alteplase, and tenecteplase. Intravenous thrombolysis remains a cornerstone of acute stroke management. Appropriate patient selection and timely treatment are crucial. Further randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to inform clinical decision-making with regard to tenecteplase and the use of intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion.Peer reviewe

Voltage-programmable liquid optical interface

Recently, there has been intense interest in photonic devices based on microfluidics, including displays and refractive tunable microlenses and optical beamsteerers, that work using the principle of electrowetting. Here, we report a novel approach to optical devices in which static wrinkles are produced at the surface of a thin film of oil as a result of dielectrophoretic forces. We have demonstrated this voltage-programmable surface wrinkling effect in periodic devices with pitch lengths of between 20 and 240 µm and with response times of less than 40 µs. By a careful choice of oils, it is possible to optimize either for high-amplitude sinusoidal wrinkles at micrometre-scale pitches or more complex non-sinusoidal profiles with higher Fourier components at longer pitches. This opens up the possibility of developing rapidly responsive voltage-programmable, polarization-insensitive transmission and reflection diffraction devices and arbitrary surface profile optical devices

Re-examining Paul Broca’s initial presentation of M. Leborgne: understanding the impetus for brain and language research

The 150th anniversary affords an opportunity to revisit the circumstances surrounding Paul Broca’s case report celebrated today as the moment of discovery of aphasia. The proceedings from January to June 1861 of the Paris Society of Anthropology are examined to reconstruct the events surrounding the report of M. Leborgne on April 18th. From a close reading of the presentations and discussions which took place during this period it is apparent that Broca’s case report was a minor diversion to a debate about cranial measurements and their relation to intelligence in individuals and racial groups. Moreover, it appears that little attention was granted to Broca’s first case at the time. While his ideas about localization and specialization developed and change over the next decade, it represented a minor field of interest for him. Nevertheless Broca’s work on aphasia inspired research throughout Europe and North America and went on to have a lasting impact on both aphasiology and neuropsychology