MAHASISWA DALAM CENGKRAMAN POLITICAL PRACTICE (Telaah Partisipasi Politik Mahasiswa Pada Pemilu Serentak 2019)

The political practice of students in the 2019 simultaneous elections formed by mobilization carried out by candidates for legislative members from various electoral districts together with the winning team and from the party's elite forms a stimulus so that student political participation is deliberately formed according to the political wishes of the legislative members who carry out mobilization. Mobilization results in political participation arising from students no longer based on conscience. This study aims to Political Participation of Students in 2019 Simultaneous Elections. This study uses a qualitative method. Qualitative research is aimed at describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and human thoughts individually or in groups. The results showed that the students' political practice in the 2019 simultaneous elections formed by the mobilization carried out by legislative candidates from various electoral districts together with the winning teams and from the party's elite formed a stimulus so that student political participation was formed in accordance with the political desires of legislative members who mobilize. Mobilization results in political participation arising from students no longer based on conscience

Multicellular Computing Using Conjugation for Wiring

Recent efforts in synthetic biology have focussed on the implementation of logical functions within living cells. One aim is to facilitate both internal ‘‘re-programming’’ and external control of cells, with potential applications in a wide range of domains. However, fundamental limitations on the degree to which single cells may be re-engineered have led to a growth of interest in multicellular systems, in which a ‘‘computation’’ is distributed over a number of different cell types, in a manner analogous to modern computer networks. Within this model, individual cell type perform specific sub-tasks, the results of which are then communicated to other cell types for further processing. The manner in which outputs are communicated is therefore of great significance to the overall success of such a scheme. Previous experiments in distributed cellular computation have used global communication schemes, such as quorum sensing (QS), to implement the ‘‘wiring’’ between cell types. While useful, this method lacks specificity, and limits the amount of information that may be transferred at any one time. We propose an alternative scheme, based on specific cell-cell conjugation. This mechanism allows for the direct transfer of genetic information between bacteria, via circular DNA strands known as plasmids. We design a multicellular population that is able to compute, in a distributed fashion, a Boolean XOR function. Through this, we describe a general scheme for distributed logic that works by mixing different strains in a single population; this constitutes an important advantage of our novel approach. Importantly, the amount of genetic information exchanged through conjugation is significantly higher than the amount possible through QS-based communication. We provide full computational modelling and simulation results, using deterministic, stochastic and spatially-explicit methods. These simulations explore the behaviour of one possible conjugation-wired cellular computing system under different conditions, and provide baseline information for future laboratory implementations.This work was supported by the European Commission FP7 Future and Emerging Technologies Proactive initiative: Bio-chemistry-based Information Technology (CHEM-IT, ICT-2009.8.3), project reference 248919 (BACTOCOM). Work in FdlC lab was supported by Spanish Ministry of Education (BFU2011-26608), and European VII Framework Program grants num 248919/FP7-ICT-2009-4 and 282004/FP7-HEALTH.2001.2.3.1-2. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Level of Abstraction in Parent-child Interactions: The Role of Activity Type and Socio-economic Status

Background: Various conversational contexts elicit stimulating parent–child interactions to a different degree. Shared reading, a scripted activity, is reported to elicit most abstract speech compared with other activities (e.g., toy play). Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is another key predictor of abstract talk. Shared reading can attenuate differences in abstract speech between SES groups. In the current study, we compared abstraction of parent–child interactions during nonscripted prompting board and shared reading activities. A prompting board is a complex picture around a certain theme, depicting a scenario (i.e., a picture suggesting a sequence of events), and is meant to elicit child speech. Method: We observed 44 parent–child dyads (87% mothers; child Mage: 63 months) from various socioeconomic backgrounds during prompting board and shared reading discussions and coded interactions for level of abstraction. Results: Prompting boards were found to elicit both more, and more highly abstract speech (particularly inferencing) than shared reading, and children contributed more often to the conversation. Additionally, most speech on the lowest level of abstraction occurred during prompting boards (e.g., labelling and locating). Shared reading elicited more talk on intermediate levels (e.g., describing aspects of objects and characters and making comparisons to the child’s life). Moreover, high-SES parents and children produced more highly abstract speech and less labelling and locating compared with low-SES dyads during both activities. Shared reading did not attenuate SES differences in abstract interactions. Conclusions: Prompting boards seem promising for early intervention however, future intervention studies are needed

Level of abstraction in parent–child interactions: the role of activity type and socioeconomic status

Background: Various conversational contexts elicit stimulating parent–child interactions to a different degree. Shared reading, a scripted activity, is reported to elicit most abstract speech compared with other activities (e.g., toy play). Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is another key predictor of abstract talk. Shared reading can attenuate differences in abstract speech between SES groups. In the current study, we compared abstraction of parent–child interactions during nonscripted prompting board and shared reading activities. A prompting board is a complex picture around a certain theme, depicting a scenario (i.e., a picture suggesting a sequence of events), and is meant to elicit child speech. Method: We observed 44 parent–child dyads (87% mothers; child Mage: 63 months) from various socioeconomic backgrounds during prompting board and shared reading discussions and coded interactions for level of abstraction. Results: Prompting boards were found to elicit both more, and more highly abstract speech (particularly inferencing) than shared reading, and children contributed more often to the conversation. Additionally, most speech on the lowest level of abstraction occurred during prompting boards (e.g., labelling and locating). Shared reading elicited more talk on intermediate levels (e.g., describing aspects of objects and characters and making comparisons to the child's life). Moreover, high-SES parents and children produced more highly abstract speech and less labelling and locating compared with low-SES dyads during both activities. Shared reading did not attenuate SES differences in abstract interactions. Conclusions: Prompting boards seem promising for early intervention; however, future intervention studies are needed

A preliminary study of genetic factors that influence susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis in the British cattle herd

Associations between specific host genes and susceptibility to Mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis have been reported in several species. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) impacts greatly the UK cattle industry, yet genetic predispositions have yet to be identified. We therefore used a candidate gene approach to study 384 cattle of which 160 had reacted positively to an antigenic skin test (‘reactors’). Our approach was unusual in that it used microsatellite markers, embraced high breed diversity and focused particularly on detecting genes showing heterozygote advantage, a mode of action often overlooked in SNP-based studies. A panel of neutral markers was used to control for population substructure and using a general linear model-based approach we were also able to control for age. We found that substructure was surprisingly weak and identified two genomic regions that were strongly associated with reactor status, identified by markers INRA111 and BMS2753. In general the strength of association detected tended to vary depending on whether age was included in the model. At INRA111 a single genotype appears strongly protective with an overall odds ratio of 2.2, the effect being consistent across nine diverse breeds. Our results suggest that breeding strategies could be devised that would appreciably increase genetic resistance of cattle to bTB (strictly, reduce the frequency of incidence of reactors) with implications for the current debate concerning badger-culling

Are physical objects necessarily burnt up by the blue sheet inside a black hole?

The electromagnetic radiation that falls into a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole develops a ``blue sheet'' of infinite energy density at the Cauchy horizon. We consider classical electromagnetic fields (that were produced during the collapse and then backscattered into the black hole), and investigate the blue-sheet effects of these fields on infalling objects within a simplified model. These effects are found to be finite and even negligible for typical parameters.Comment: 13 pages, ordinary LaTex. Accepted for Physical Review Letters

Aplikasi Teknologi Radiasi Panas Pada Pengolahan Sawit Terpadu. (APPLICATION OF HEAT RADIATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTEGRATED PALM OIL PROCESSING)

 This article review application of heat radiation technology in the integtated palm oil processing, which has been developed by Ishenny and Noor (2015,Ishenny) . This technology named as Palm Oil Mill Heat Radiation Technology uses direct heat radiation (with palm fruit buch waste as the fuel), instead of heat from steam boilers, as in the conventional technology. Temperature and pressure of the cooking chamber are designed at 150° C and 1 atm. Compared to the conventional technology, this new technology is more profitable because it could process all parts of the palm fruits to produce red oil, fatty oil, kernel oil (three with higher qualities), biochar, liquid smoke, and cake, releases relatively no waste, and could operate even at a low capacity. In addition, this new technology could be implemented to modify the conventional technology used at present in the palm oil plants. Estimated investment required for processing 45 ton per hour of palm fruits is IDR 300 billions. Net profit a year is estimated IDR 230 billions with ROI of 1.94 year.Keywords : Innovation of palm oil factory, palm oil, red oil, kernel oil, fatty oil, 7 MW electricity, liquid smoke, kernel cake and biocharAbstrak. Artikel ini mengulas aplikasi teknologi radiasi panas pada pengolahan sawit terpadu yang telah dikembangkan oleh Ishenny dan Noor  (2015, Ishenny).  Teknologi ini yang dinamai Palm Oil Mill Heat Radiation Technology menggunakan panas radiasi langsung (dengan bahan bakar limbah tandan buah kosong), tidak seperti pada teknologi konvensional yang menggunakan panas dari ketel uap. Suhu dan tekanan pada panci masak dirancang sebesar 150° C dan 1 atm. Dibandingkan dengan teknologi minyak sawit konvensional, teknologi baru ini lebih menguntungkan, karena dapat memproduksi minyak merah, minyak lemak,  kernel oil (ketiganya dengan mutu yang lebih tinggi), biochar, asap cair, dan bungkil, relatif tanpa limbah, dan dapat beroperasi pada kapasitas yang kecil. Disamping itu, teknologi ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk memodifikasi teknologi konvensional yang saat ini digunakan oleh pabrik minyak sawit. Estimasi investasi yang diperlukan untuk mengolah 45 ton per jam buah sawit segar adalah Rp. 300 milyar, dengan estimasi keuntungan Rp. 230 milyar per tahun dan ROI 1,94 tahun.Kata Kunci : Inovasi pabrik kelapa sawit, minyak sawit, minyak merah, minyak inti, minyak lemak, li strik 7 MW, asap cair,   kernel dan bokar

Probing the 6He halo structure with elastic and inelastic proton scattering

Proton elastic scattering and inelastic scattering to the first excited state of 6He have been measured over a wide angular range using a 40.9A MeV 6He beam. The data have been analyzed with a fully microscopic model of proton-nucleus scattering using 6He wave functions generated from large space shell model calculations. The inelastic scattering data show a remarkable sensitivity to the halo structure of 6He.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. RevTeX. Replaced figure 3 with updated figur

Heterozygosity increases microsatellite mutation rate, linking it to demographic history

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Biochemical experiments in yeast suggest a possible mechanism that would cause heterozygous sites to mutate faster than equivalent homozygous sites. If such a process operates, it could undermine a key assumption at the core of population genetic theory, namely that mutation rate and population size are indpendent, because population expansion would increase heterozygosity that in turn would increase mutation rate. Here we test this hypothesis using both direct counting of microsatellite mutations in human pedigrees and an analysis of the relationship between microsatellite length and patterns of demographically-induced variation in heterozygosity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We find that microsatellite alleles of any given length are more likely to mutate when their homologue is unusually different in length. Furthermore, microsatellite lengths in human populations do not vary randomly, but instead exhibit highly predictable trends with both distance from Africa, a surrogate measure of genome-wide heterozygosity, and modern population size. This predictability remains even after statistically controlling for non-independence due to shared ancestry among populations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results reveal patterns that are unexpected under classical population genetic theory, where no mechanism exists capable of linking allele length to extrinsic variables such as geography or population size. However, the predictability of microsatellite length is consistent with heterozygote instability and suggest that this has an important impact on microsatellite evolution. Whether similar processes impact on single nucleotide polymorphisms remains unclear.</p

Effects of a Dutch family literacy program: The role of implementation

It is hypothesized that variability found in the effects of family literacy programs results from differences in implementation by parents. In this study, the implementation and effects of a Dutch program were examined in a sample of 207 kindergarteners (mean age at pre-test: 64 months). No main intervention effects on children’s literacy development were found. The quality of implementation proved to be higher for high-SES and native Dutch (speaking) parents than for low-SES, ethnic-minority parents with other home languages. Parent SES, ethnic-minority status, and home language did not moderate the program effects on child language scores and the program failed to impact targeted parental attributes, namely, the home literacy environment and parent self-efficacy. Finally, children’s development proved unrelated to implementation variables. Our results stress the importance of delivery for adequate implementation