Experience with the use of an automated system for diagnosis of urinar y tract infections

Objective. To compare results of microbiological examination obtained on rapid automated system with semiquantitative plate culture to assess possibility and necessity of using the system in urine examination. Materials and Methods. The study included 231 urine samples collected from February to July 2023 from patients at Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Center. The samples were cultured according to the standards of urine microbiological examination using chromogenic media and using an automatic HB&L system (Alifax, Italy) for 4 h. 30 min. to detect bacteriuria of 102 CFU/ ml or more and residual antimicrobial activity. When microbial growth was detected in the analyzer, extraction of microorganisms was performed on the same day for accelerated identification. Identification was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Results. According to the plate culture method, 160 positive samples were obtained. A total of 273 isolates were isolated, the predominant microorganisms were E. faecalis (22.3%) and E. coli (19.8%), a significant part was composed of atypical pathogens for UTI and normobiota (33.7%). According to the rapid automated system, only in 100 samples the growth of microorganisms was detected, in 4 cases the positive result obtained by the automatic system was not confirmed by growth on chromogenic media. Thus, 64 of the 160 positive cultures were not detected using the automated system, and 14 of those ones was E. coli. Residual antimicrobial activity was detected in 104 samples, including 43 of 64 false-negative culture results using the automated system. Rapid identification was performed on 57 samples, a microbial identification result was obtained in 49 of them. Complete or partial match between the results of rapid identification and classical methods was obtained for 48 samples. In all cases, when rapid identification was performed for a sample with monoculture, the results of two methods were identical. Conclusions. An overall sensitivity and specificity of the culture method using an automatic system were 60% and 94.4%, respectively. Sensitivity for samples containing E. coli was 74.1%, and for their isolation in monoculture – 87.5%

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

СТРЕСС-РЕАКЦИИ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МЕТОДАХ АНЕСТЕЗИИ ВО ВРЕМЯ ОФТАЛЬМОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ У ДЕТЕЙ

Just like any surgery, a surgical operation pertaining to the eye and its appendages is a common cause of stress that changes the functions of all organs and systems. Numerous previous studies have shown this. The task of anesthesia is to protect a body from stress.The purpose of the study was to estimate the severity of a stress reaction when using different methods of anesthesia during eye surgeries in children.Material and methods. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate and cortisol were measured in children aged 4 to 18 years old at three surgical stages. Various methods of anesthesia were used in 5 groups. The patients were distributed at random with 20 children in every group. Results. All estimated values were within the age-specific reference range. Glucose and cortisol levels tended to increase, whereas lactate level was decreasing.Conclusion. The suggested anesthesia types can sufficiently protect patients during eye surgeries and be applied in the practice. Операции на глазном яблоке и придаточном аппарате глаза, как и любое вмешательство, приводит к возникновению стрессовой реакции в организме с изменением функции всех органов и систем в целом, что было показано в многочисленных ранее выполненных исследованиях. Задача анестезии обеспечить защиту организма от переносимого стресса.Цель исследования – оценить выраженность стресс-реакции при различных методах анестезии во время офтальмохирургических вмешательств у детей.Материал и методы. У детей в возрасте от 4 до 18 лет оценивали глюкозу, лактат, кортизол в крови на трех этапах операции в 5 группах с разными методами анестезии. Пациенты были распределены случайным образом по 20 человек.Результаты. Все оцениваемые показатели находились в пределах возрастных референсных значений. При этом глюкоза и кортизол имели тенденцию к повышению, лактат снижался.Заключение. Предложенные варианты анестезии имеют достаточный уровень защиты пациентов при выполнении офтальмохирургических вмешательств и могут быть использованы в практике.

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data. © 2023, The Author(s)

In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with Little-to-No concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., “If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others”) or potential gains (e.g., “If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others”)? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions