A Cross-Cultural Look at Co-rumination, Self-Disclosure, Friendship, Relational Concerns and Emotional Adjustment

Rose (2002) first defined co-rumination as extensive problem-focused talk, and it has been found to be associated with both depression/anxiety and friendship quality. However, our understanding of co-rumination is limited by an exclusive focus on Western samples of mostly children/adolescents. Thus, the primary aim of the current study is to investigate the construct validity of co-rumination in an Asian sample by examining associations among rumination, co-rumination, emotional adjustment, self-disclosure and friendship quality. We predict that Asians will report lower levels of co-rumination, and we expect gender differences in co-rumination to replicate cross-culturally. 224 Asian students (69 men, 153 women) from universities in Hong Kong and East China and 118 U.S. students (43 men, 75 women) from a private college in the Northwest participated in the study. Expected gender differences were found. Significant positive relationships emerged between co-rumination, self-disclosure, friendship quality, and rumination in both samples. Asian students reported significantly higher levels of co-rumination but lower levels of self-disclosure. Asians reported higher levels of relational concerns than U.S students. Relational concerns partially mediated cultural differences in self-disclosure but not in co-rumination. Surprisingly, co-rumination was unrelated to adjustment and did not predict unique variance in anxiety/depression beyond the effects of rumination. The current findings highlight the complexity of co-rumination as an interpersonal process vs. support-seeking functions in Asians. With limited research on co-rumination in emerging adults, it is unknown whether unique sampling issues or a meaningful developmental shift accounts for the lack of associations between co-rumination and anxiety/depression among U.S. students. Regardless, future longitudinal research should incorporate strategies (e.g., observational data, time sampling) that extend beyond self-report. These designs promise to sharpen our understanding as they more fully capture the dynamic forces at play in co-rumination that may vary across time and culture

Effect of fluoride on the calcification of allogenic bone implants in rats

Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry, 1974. Periodontics.Bibliography included.In twenty-five (25) male adult rats which had decalcified allogenic bone implants placed in mid-fibular gaps and kept on a low-fluoride casein diet (1 ppm- fluoride), the addition of 25 p.p.m. fluoride to the drinking water did not show any direct detectable relationship to the mg % calcium in the ashed implants or in ashed adjacent tibial bone, nor in the percent ash content. Neither did the fluoride enhance or inhibit the success of the implants. For all implants did calcify and only one control mid-fibular gap closed on its own. It is our conclusion that fluoride at levels used in this experiment have no effect on calcification of allogenic bone implants

Body fluid volume and electrolyte derangements in fasting semiannual report no. 1, dec. 1, 1964 - mar. 31, 1965

Electrolyte balance studies on rats maintained in metabolism cages - body fluid volume and electrolyte derangements by fasting in col

Solving the electrical control of magnetic coercive field paradox

The ability to tune magnetic properties of solids via electric voltages instead of external magnetic fields is a physics curiosity of great scientific and technological importance. Today, there is strong published experimental evidence of electrical control of magnetic coercive fields in composite multiferroic solids. Unfortunately, the literature indicates highly contradictory results. In some studies, an applied voltage increases the magnetic coercive field and in other studies the applied voltage decreases the coercive field of composite multiferroics. Here, we provide an elegant explanation to this paradox and we demonstrate why all reported results are in fact correct. It is shown that for a given polarity of the applied voltage, the magnetic coercive field depends on the sign of two tensor components of the multiferroic solid: magnetostrictive and piezoelectric coefficient. For a negative applied voltage, the magnetic coercive field decreases when the two material parameters have the same sign and increases when they have opposite signs, respectively. The effect of the material parameters is reversed when the same multiferroic solid is subjected to a positive applied voltage

A retrospective segmentation analysis of placental volume by magnetic resonance imaging from first trimester to term gestation

Background Abnormalities of the placenta affect 5–7% of pregnancies. Because disturbances in fetal growth are often preceded by dysfunction of the placenta or attenuation of its normal expansion, placental health warrants careful surveillance. There are limited normative data available for placental volume by MRI. Objective To determine normative ranges of placental volume by MRI throughout gestation. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional retrospective analysis, we reviewed MRI examinations of pregnant females obtained between 2002 and 2017 at a single institution. We performed semi-automated segmentation of the placenta in images obtained in patients with no radiologic evidence of maternal or fetal pathology, using the Philips Intellispace Tumor Tracking Tool. Results Placental segmentation was performed in 112 women and had a high degree of interrater reliability (single-measure intraclass correlation coefficient =0.978 with 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.956, 0.989; P<0.001). Normative data on placental volume by MRI increased nonlinearly from 6 weeks to 39 weeks of gestation, with wider variability of placental volume at higher gestational age (GA). We fit placental volumetric data to a polynomial curve of third order described as placental volume = –0.02*GA3 + 1.6*GA2 – 13.3*GA + 8.3. Placental volume showed positive correlation with estimated fetal weight (P=0.03) and birth weight (P=0.05). Conclusion This study provides normative placental volume by MRI from early first trimester to term gestation. Deviations in placental volume from normal might prove to be an imaging biomarker of adverse fetal health and neonatal outcome, and further studies are needed to more fully understand this metric. Assessment of placental volume should be considered in all routine fetal MRI examinations

Three-Dimensional Structure of the Magnetic Field in the Disk of the Milky Way

We present Rotation Measures (RM) of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) and compare them to RMs of extragalactic sources in order to study the large-scale reversal in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF). Using Stokes Q, U and I measurements of the Galactic disk collected with the Synthesis Telescope at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, we calculate RMs over an extended region of the sky, focusing on the low longitude range of the CGPS (l=52deg to l=72deg). We note the similarity in the structures traced by the compact sources and the extended emission and highlight the presence of a gradient in the RM map across an approximately diagonal line, which we identify with the well-known field reversal of the Sagittarius-Carina arm. We suggest that the orientation of this reversal is a geometric effect resulting from our location within a GMF structure arising from current sheets that are not perpendicular to the Galactic plane, as is required for a strictly radial field reversal, but that have at least some component parallel to the disk. Examples of models that fit this description are the three-dimensional dynamo-based model of Gressel et al. (2013) and a Galactic scale Parker spiral (Akasofu & Hakamada 1982), although the latter may be problematic in terms of Galactic dynamics. We emphasize the importance of constructing three-dimensional models of the GMF to account for structures like the diagonal RM gradient observed in this dataset.Comment: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Accepted 23 April, 201

The Measurement of the Muon's Anomalous Magnetic Moment Isn't

Recent results announced as measurements of the muon's anomalous magnetic moment are in fact measurements of the muon's anomalous spin precession frequency. This precession frequency receives contributions from both the muon's anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments. We note that all existing data cannot resolve this ambiguity, and the current deviation from standard model predictions may equally well be interpreted as evidence for new physics in the muon's anomalous magnetic moment, new physics in the muon's electric dipole moment, or both.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, published versio

A Millikelvin Scanned Probe for Measurement of Nanostructures

We demonstrate a scanning force microscope, based upon a quartz tuning fork, that operates below 100 mK and in magnetic fields up to 6 T. The microscope has a conducting tip for electrical probing of nanostructures of interest, and it incorporates a low noise cryogenic amplifier to measure both the vibrations of the tuning fork and the electrical signals from the nanostructures. At millikelvin temperatures the imaging resolution is below 1 um in a 22 um x 22 um range, and a coarse motion provides translations of a few mm. This scanned probe is useful for high bandwidth measurement of many high impedance nanostructures on a single sample. We show data locating an SET within an array and measure its coulomb blockade with a sensitivity of 2.6 x 10^-5 e/Hz^1/2.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to RS

Sliding friction between an elastomer network and a grafted polymer layer: the role of cooperative effects

We study the friction between a flat solid surface where polymer chains have been end-grafted and a cross-linked elastomer at low sliding velocity. The contribution of isolated grafted chains' penetration in the sliding elastomer has been early identified as a weakly velocity dependent pull-out force. Recent experiments have shown that the interactions between the grafted chains at high grafting density modify the friction force by grafted chain. We develop here a simple model that takes into account those interactions and gives a limit grafting density beyond which the friction no longer increases with the grafting density, in good agreement with the experimental dataComment: Submitted to Europhys. Letter